既判力與第19條【外文翻譯】_第1頁
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1、外文翻譯原文：RESJUDICATARULE19Of：WilliamJKattFrom：NthwesternUniversityLawReviewVol103No1.Hislegalinterestsareprotectedtherefehewillbeboundbyresjudicata.2.Hewillbeboundbyresjudicatatherefehislegalinterestsarenotprotected.Ofcour

2、seeitherhisinterestsareprotectedtheyarenot—butnotboth.TheheartoftheproblemliesintheinteractionbetweenRule19resjudicata.Rule19requiresanabsentpersontobejoinedifthatpersonsabilitytoprotecthisinterestsisimpairedbynotbeingap

3、arty.Somecourtshaveheldthatthebindingeffectofresjudicataonanabsentpersonsatisfiesthisimpairmentrequirementthusrequiringtheabsentpersontobejoined.Abasicprincipleofresjudicatahoweveristhatanabsentpersonwillonlybeboundifhei

4、sinprivitywithaparty.Privityexistsbetweenapartyanabsentpersonifthatpartyadequatelyrepresentstherefeprotectstheabsentpersonsinterests.Thusbydefinitionbeingboundbyresjudicatameansanabsentpersonsinterestswereprotectedhisabi

5、litytoprotecthisinterestswasnotimpaired.ItisillogicalfoicourtstorequireapersonsjoinderbysayingthathewillbeboundbyresjudicatabecausetherelevantptionofRule19onlyrequiresjoinderwhenanabsentpersonsabilitytoprotecthisinterest

6、sisimpaired.Despitetheclearlogicalinconsistencyinusingresjudicataas?abasisfjoinderthecircuitcourtsaresplitontheissue.Asecondjustificationftheuseofresjudicataasabasisfjoindermightbethattheexpingbreadthofresjudicatahasmade

7、courtswaryofafuturecourtinvokingthedoctrineagainsttheabsentpersoninquestion.Underthisjustificationthecourtwilldeemanabsentpersonnecessaryifthereisachancealatercourtwillbindhimtothejudgmentinthe?presentcase.Althoughthisju

8、stificationcarriesmeweightthanthefirstitisstillproblematic.Theproblemboilsdowntotheoldadagetwowrongsdontmakearight.IfcourtsareconcernedabouttheexpansionofrestheRule19calculuscourtsshouldinsteadfocusonpracticaleffectsthat

9、mayprejudicetheabsentperson.FinallyPartIVsetsoutahypotheticaldemonstratinghowacourtsimproperuseofresjudicataasabasisfjoindercanleadtoresultsantitheticaltothepurposeofRule19namelyprotectionoftheabsentperson.Theexampleinth

10、isPartillustrateswhyacourtsuseofresjudicataasabasisfjoinderismisguided.TheCommentconcludeswithacallftheabonmentofresjudicatasuseasabasisfjoinderffutureinterpretationofRule19inconfmitywiththeRuleslanguagehisty.ticalprogre

11、ssionofcompulsyjoinderitsunderlyingjustificationsatvariousrelevantstages—astheSupremeCourtfamouslyadvisedapageofhistyiswthavolumeoflogic.““FromitsiginsintheEnglishChancerytoitsmodemcodificationinRule19theideathatanabsent

12、personshouldbejoinedbecausehewillbeboundinhisabsenceunderresjudicatahasneverbeenanunderlyingjustificationfcompulsyjoinder.Tothecontrarytraditionalfmulationsrequiredhisjoinderindertobindhimanotioninlinewiththetraditionalc

13、onceptsofresjudicatadueprocess.SectionAbelowdescribesthenecessarypartyruleofseventeenthcentury.EnglishChancerywhenjoinderwasusedtoachievecompletejustice.Joiningallinterestedpersonswasdesirablenotbecausetheyniightbeboundb

14、yajudgmentbutbecausetheycouldnotbeboundunlesstheywerejoined.SectionBdescribesashiftinthelateeighteenthcenturytiptheindispensablepartydoctrinewhichrequiredthatunlessallinterestedpartiescouldbebroughtbefethecourtthecasecou

15、ldnotproceed.SectionturnstotheriseofthemodemtwostepcompulsyjoinderanalysistheuseofthenecessaryindispensableframewkwhichcametoprominencebeginningwiththecaseofShieldsv.Barrow.FinallysectionDdescribestheiginalRule19its1966a

16、mendmentintoitsmodemfm.TheRulenowstressesapragmaticapproachtojoindermespecificallyfocusesonpracticalprejudiceaffectingabsentpersonsaconsiderationnotpresentintheearlierversionoftheRule.Althoughattemptingtobringallinterest

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