2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、外文翻譯原文：原文：IndividualganizationincentivesIndividualincentivesystemsattempttorelateindividualeffttopay.Conditionsnecessaryftheuseofindividualincentiveplansareasfollows:Identificationofindividualperfmance:Theperfmanceofeach

2、individualcanbemeasuredidentifiedbecauseeachemployeehasjobresponsibilitiestasksthatcanbecategizedfromthoseofotheremployees.Independentwk:Individualcontributionsresultfromindependentwkefftgivenbyindividualemployers.Indivi

3、dualcompetitivenessdesired:Becauseindividualsgenerallywillpursuetheindividualincentivesfthemselvescompetitionamongemployeeswilloccur.Therefeindependentcompetitionwherebysomeindividuals“win”othersdonotmustbedesired.Indivi

4、dualismstressedinganizationalculture:Thecultureoftheganizationmustbeonethatemphasizesindividualgrowthachievementsrewards.IfanganizationemphasizesteamwkSpecialIncentivePrograms:Therearenumerousspecialincentiveprogramsthat

5、provideawardstoindividuals.Theseprogramscantakevariousfmsrangingfromonetimecontestsfmeetingperfmancetargetstorewardsfperfmanceovertime.Finstancesafedrivingawardsaregivenftruckdriverswhohavenoaccidentsviolationsduringayea

6、r.Althoughspecialprogramsalsocanbedevelopedfgroupsfentireganizationstheseprogramsoftenfocusonrewardingonlyhighperfmingindividuals.Incentiveprogramawards:Cashmerchisegiftcertificatestravelarethemostfrequentlyusedrewardsas

7、Figure14—5shows.thanbeingseenasfavitism.Whengivingrecognitionawardsganizationsshouldusespecificexamplestodescribeclearlyhowthosereceivingtheawardswereed.Serviceawards:Anothercommontypeofrewardgiventoindividualemployeesis

8、theserviceaward.Althoughtheseawardsoftenmaybeptrayedasrewardingperfmanceoveranumberofyearstherealityisthattheyaredeterminedbylengthofserviceperfmanceplayslittlenorole.ganizationalIncentives:Anganizationalincentivesystemc

9、ompensatesallemployeesintheganizationbasedonhowwelltheganizationasawholeperfmsduringtheyear.Thebasicconceptbehindganizationalincentiveplansisthatoverallefficiencydependsonganizationalplantwidecooperation.Thepurposeofthes

10、eplansistoproduceteamwk.Fexampleconflictbetweenmarketingproductioncanbeovercomeifmanagementusesanincentivesystemthatemphasizesganizationalprofitproductivity.Tobeeffectiveanganizationalincentiveprogramshouldincludeeveryon

11、efromnonexemptemployeestomanagersexecutives.Commonganizationalincentivesystemsincludegainsharingprofitsharingemployeestockownershipplans(ESOPs).Gainsharing:Gainsharingisthesharingwithemployersofgreaterthanexpectedgainsin

12、profitsproductivity.Gainsharingattemptstoincrease“discretionaryeffts”—thatisthedifferencebetweenthemaximumamountofefftapersoncanexerttheminimumamountofefftnecessarytokeepfrombeingfired.Itcanbearguedthatwkerscurrentlyaren

13、otpaidfdiscretionaryefftinmostganizations.Theyarepaidtomeettheminimumacceptablelevelofefftrequired.Howeverwhenwkersdoexercisediscretionaryefftstheganizationcanaffdtopaythemmethanthegoingratebecausetheextraefftsproducefin

14、ancialgainsoverabovethereturnsofminimaleffts.ProfitSharing:Asthenameimpliesprofitsharingdistributesaptionofganizationalprofitstoemployees.Typicallythepercentageoftheprofitsdistributedtoemployeesisagreedonbytheendoftheyea

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