多維教程 探索課文+翻譯

1、Unit 1 travel language 旅行通用語The Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purificat

2、ion of French was adopted. The law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very lo

3、ng and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as “internet“ or “byte stream“ just to name a coup

4、le. The mind boggles at what the world might face. 數(shù)十年來，法蘭西語言研究院一直捍衛(wèi)著法語的尊嚴(yán)。幾年前，由于法國人對英語詞匯的入侵非常敏感，該機(jī)構(gòu)頒布了凈化法語的法律，其內(nèi)容甚至涉及專業(yè)術(shù)語。就拿波音 747 (Boeing747)來說吧，現(xiàn)在法國人必須用法語詞 gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing 也變成了 credit-bail。此類例子不勝枚舉，觸及生活的方方面面

5、。法國總統(tǒng)希拉克很可能會繼續(xù)加大力度，直至連英特網(wǎng) internet 和字節(jié)流(信息組)byte stream 之類的詞也找到相應(yīng)的法語新詞。哎，真不知未來的法語會變成什么樣。Unfortunately (or perhaps not), the English language is not so protected. Quite apart from the unforgivable deviations from the king

6、's English prevlent in America, where “honour“ is commonly written as “honor“ and “night“ as “nite,“ many well-tested has also been give new meanings, making communication somewhat difficult. For example, the boot of

7、 a car has become to be called a trunk – a word reserved in England for the main part of a tree. The bonnet is a hood, good old nappies are diapers, and a baby's matinee jacket is a vest. It's obvious that the tw

8、o countries are indeed separated by what once was a common language! From an American point of view, of course, it could be argued that the British speak English with a speech deficiency. 不幸的是(或許并非不幸)，英語沒有受到如此的保護(hù)。在美國，隨處可

9、見嚴(yán)重偏離英國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語的美式英語?！癶onour”普遍被寫成“honor”，“night”也變成了“nite”。許多詞意廣為人知的英式英語單詞被賦予新的解釋，交流也變得有些困難。比如說，汽車的行李箱 “boot”變成了“trunk”(一個在英國指代樹干的單詞)；引擎蓋“bonnet”變成了“hood”(英式英語中的風(fēng)帽)；老式嬰兒尿布“nappy”變成了“diaper”(英式英語中的菱格花紋織物)；嬰兒小外套“matineejacket

10、”也變成了“vest”(英國的內(nèi)衣汗衫)。顯而易見，兩國英語曾同出一源，而如今卻將兩國彼此隔離。當(dāng)然了，按美國人的觀點(diǎn)，是英國人的語言表達(dá)出了問題。Even worse English, however, is in use. Anyone who travels in foreign countries and observes it on menus and posters, in hotels, and indeed in eve

11、ryday life can testify that what used to be the king's lingo has become in these places but a poor relation thereof. Allow me to elaborate. 實(shí)際使用中，甚至還有更糟的英語呢!只要你在外國旅游并注意一下菜單、海報、旅店、甚至當(dāng)?shù)厝粘Ｉ钪械挠⒄Z，就可以證明過去的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用語在這些地方已變得不倫不

12、類，讓我詳例如下：The travel writer Perrot Phillips has taken pains to highlight some of his experiences, which I feel should not be withheld from a wider readership. He refers to a Dutch bulb catalogue which promised customers “

13、a speedy execution“ and to an East Berlin cloakroom sign that requested guests to “please hung yourself here.“ One hopes that nobody took the advice literally. 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜筆墨地渲染自己的幾番經(jīng)歷，我覺得該有更多的讀者了解一下。他提及某份荷蘭的燈泡目錄，上面對用戶承

14、諾有“a speedy execution’——快速處死(毫無疑問，想表達(dá)的應(yīng)是“送貨及時”)。此外，東柏林的一個衣帽間告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——請在這兒吊死自己(本想說的是“將衣帽掛在這兒”)。只希望沒人會真的從字面上去理解。paintings by Russian artists, most of whom were executed in the last ten years“ –

15、 hardly a welcoming thought to the occasional visitor. 在東歐，奧匈帝國時期的老牌大旅館從未放棄過禮節(jié)。一則旅館房間告示上寫著“誠邀尊貴的客人在 12 點(diǎn)到 14 點(diǎn)之間占客房女服務(wù)員的便宜”(take advantage of the chambermaids)。然而，這可能造成意外的交通阻塞。最近的一次莫斯科畫展也未必能讓偶爾光顧者欣然前往，根據(jù)其告示，“畫展將展出俄羅斯藝術(shù)家的

16、300 幅作品，他們中的大部分人在過去十年中已被處死了”。A Bangkok laundry's advertisement to the visiting public (“Leaving your clothes here and enjoy yourself“) could also be seen as a invitation to extracurricular activities in that Far East

17、ern capital of fun. 曼谷一家洗衣房的廣告詞邀請來訪的顧客“留下你的衣服，盡情享受吧!”就像是鼓勵人們在這座遠(yuǎn)東娛樂首府干些出格之事。In Rome, a laundry advertised a similar invitation: Ladies, leave your clothes here and spend the afternoon having a good time. 羅馬也有類似的邀請，一家洗衣房廣

18、而告之：“女士們，留下你們的衣服，盡情享受這個下午吧!”It should not surprise the traveller that nightspots advertise their wares in Europe in many and diverse language. The German preoccupation with Majorca led a Munich nightclub to copy a trilin

19、gual Palma announcement that dancing was going on in what is indeed a surprising way. The notice read, “Baile! Baile! Baile!“ in Spanish, “Tanz! Tanz! Tanz!“ in German, and “Balls! Balls! Balls!“ in what was meant to be

20、English. We are spared the upper Bavarian version of the activity. 若在歐洲的夜總會看到用多種語言撰寫的廣告，游客們也不應(yīng)吃驚。在德國，人們對馬略卡舞極為癡迷，以至于慕尼黑的一家夜總會直接借用了帕爾馬的一則三語告示，只是內(nèi)容令人駭異。告示上印著“舞會”的西班牙語“Baile! Baile! Baile!”，德語“Tanz! Tanz! Tanz!”，還有那所謂的英語“Ba

21、lls! Balls! Balls!“。(只可惜他們沒考慮到 Balls 還有另一層意思：男性生殖器官。)還好，我們也因此躲過了學(xué)跳這種上流巴伐利亞人的舞蹈。The Black Forest Germans, on the other hand, are known to be rather prudish in their outlook, but is it really necessary to post a sign: “It

22、is strictly forbidden on our Black Forest camping site that people of different sexes, for example men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married with each other for that purpose.“ 與此形成對照的是黑森林區(qū)的德國人。眾所周知

23、，他們謹(jǐn)慎、守禮，但好像也不需要寫這樣的告示呀：“黑森林宿營地嚴(yán)禁不同性別的人，比如說男人和女人，共居一頂帳篷內(nèi)，除非他們已為此目的結(jié)婚?！盜 am told that for the otherwise unsuspecting tourist, the following sign proved a real crowd puller. Parrot Phillips claims it to be true that in an

24、Austrian hotel room he found the sign: “If service required, give two strokes to the maid and three to the valet.“ 我還聽說一則波洛?菲利浦聲稱真實(shí)的告示，成功地吸引了許多原本并無他意的游客。那是在奧地利，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一家旅店的房間告示寫著：“若需要服務(wù)，請撫摸女仆兩下，洗衣工三下?！?其實(shí)此處的“stroke”應(yīng)為“打鈴”之意。

25、)There are undoubtedly more and varied versions of the use of English, unprotected as our language is from the interference of emerging and ambitious entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, I prefer seeing English develop as the li

26、ngua franca around the world rather than being suffocated for the sake of so-called purity by some ill-advised legislative process. 毫無疑問，由于刻意進(jìn)取的企業(yè)家大量涌現(xiàn)，不加防范的英語會有越來越多的版本。不過，在我看來，與其為了保持英語所謂的純潔性而讓不明智的立法將其扼殺，還不如任其發(fā)展成世界各國的通用語