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1、Selinker在1972年提出Fossilization這一概念。他指出,當(dāng)?shù)诙Z(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者內(nèi)化了法則系統(tǒng)中含有不同于目標(biāo)語(yǔ)系統(tǒng)規(guī)則時(shí),學(xué)習(xí)者就停止了該規(guī)則的學(xué)習(xí),所以不能達(dá)到目標(biāo)語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言能力。這種現(xiàn)象被稱(chēng)為語(yǔ)言石化現(xiàn)象。因?yàn)槭哂衅毡樾?、頑固性和持久性的特點(diǎn),所以它嚴(yán)重阻礙了中介語(yǔ)的正常發(fā)展,許多學(xué)習(xí)者即使付出大量的努力都收效甚微。
對(duì)于石化成因,可謂紛繁復(fù)雜,究竟什么是最終導(dǎo)致因素至今也無(wú)定論,逐一研究各種導(dǎo)致因素來(lái)
2、尋找緩解辦法固然全面,但沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)也不切實(shí)際。因此筆者從自身能力出發(fā),決定單從課堂里教師口語(yǔ)糾錯(cuò)反饋角度來(lái)深入探討語(yǔ)言石化現(xiàn)象的緩解問(wèn)題。近二十年來(lái),課堂糾正性反饋是二語(yǔ)習(xí)得研究領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)熱門(mén)話題。國(guó)外已經(jīng)有很多的基于語(yǔ)言課堂糾正性反饋對(duì)化解石化現(xiàn)象的實(shí)證研究。但在國(guó)內(nèi),關(guān)于糾正性反饋尤其是口語(yǔ)糾錯(cuò)反饋對(duì)化解語(yǔ)言石化現(xiàn)象作用的實(shí)證研究還比較缺乏。因此,本研究采取實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的方法,選取內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)一年級(jí)兩個(gè)班的學(xué)生為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,通過(guò)為期四個(gè)月
3、的糾錯(cuò)反饋教學(xué),獲取實(shí)驗(yàn)前后兩組數(shù)據(jù),來(lái)考察實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象是否存在語(yǔ)言石化現(xiàn)象,如果有,則通過(guò)為期四個(gè)月的糾錯(cuò)反饋教學(xué),石化現(xiàn)象是否得到化解。
通過(guò)精心安排實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程,仔細(xì)監(jiān)督實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)施,認(rèn)真分析實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),最終得出實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論:經(jīng)過(guò)比較,實(shí)驗(yàn)組比控制組在各項(xiàng)常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的石化緩解方面表現(xiàn)較好,教師口語(yǔ)糾錯(cuò)反饋有助于學(xué)生克服那些常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的石化現(xiàn)象。對(duì)于教學(xué)的啟示是,我們應(yīng)重視課堂中的糾錯(cuò)問(wèn)題,不應(yīng)對(duì)錯(cuò)誤過(guò)于放縱,導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的僵化和泛化
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