經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理課后習(xí)題+答案

1、在短期中，低通貨膨脹通常是以高失業(yè)率為代價(jià)的，這是由短期內(nèi)價(jià)格粘性造成的。政府為了抑制通貨膨脹會(huì)減少流通中的貨幣量，人們可用的貨幣量減少但商品價(jià)格在短期內(nèi)具有粘性仍居高不下，于是社會(huì)消費(fèi)的商品和勞務(wù)量減少，消費(fèi)量不足又會(huì)引起企業(yè)開(kāi)工不足，導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。失業(yè)率高，通脹率低失業(yè)率低，通脹率高。通貨膨脹和失業(yè)之間是此消彼長(zhǎng)、相互交替的關(guān)系。1.描述下列每種情形中當(dāng)事人面對(duì)的權(quán)衡：a.某個(gè)家庭決定是否購(gòu)買(mǎi)一輛新車(chē)；atradeoffbetweent

2、hecostofthecarotherthingstheymightwanttobuy.b.國(guó)會(huì)成員決定對(duì)國(guó)家公園撥多少款thetradeoffisbetweenparksotherspendingitemstaxcuts.（不增加撥款可少征稅）c.公司總裁決定是否建個(gè)新工廠(chǎng)；thedecisionisbasedonwhetherthenewfactywillincreasethefirmsprofitscomparedtoothera

3、lternatives.（upgradeexistingequipmentexpexistingfacties）increaseprofitthemostd.某個(gè)教授決定用多少時(shí)間備課betweenthevalueofimprovingthequalityofthelecturecomparedtootherthingsshecoulddowithhertimesuchaswkingonadditionalresearch.e.剛畢業(yè)的

4、大學(xué)生決定是否讀研究生2.你正決定是否去度假。度假的大部分成本（機(jī)票、住宿費(fèi)和放棄的工資）是用貨幣衡量的，但度假的收益是心理上的。你如何比較度假的收益和成本？twoways：parethevacationwithwhatyouwoulddoinitsplace。decideifyoudratherhavethenewclubsthevacation.2.thinkabouthowmuchwkyouhadtodotoearnthemone

5、ytopayfthevacation3.你正打算周六去做兼職，但你朋友讓你去滑雪。去滑雪的真實(shí)成本是什么？現(xiàn)在假設(shè)你本來(lái)打算周六在圖書(shū)館學(xué)習(xí)。在這種情形下，去滑雪的成本是什么？請(qǐng)解釋。itsmoarytimecostswhichincludestheopptunitycostofthewagesyouaregivingupbynotwking.4.你在籃球比賽博彩中贏(yíng)了100元。對(duì)于這筆錢(qián)你有兩個(gè)選擇，你可以現(xiàn)在就花掉或者存入銀行，銀行

6、利率為5%，你現(xiàn)在就將這筆錢(qián)花掉的機(jī)會(huì)成本是多大？youaregivinguptheopptunitytospend$105ayearfromnow.5.你管理的公司已經(jīng)投資500萬(wàn)元開(kāi)發(fā)某個(gè)新產(chǎn)品，但研發(fā)尚未結(jié)束。在最近一次會(huì)議上，銷(xiāo)售人員向你報(bào)告說(shuō)由于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)品上市，該產(chǎn)品的期望銷(xiāo)售額下降為300萬(wàn)元。如果你還需要再投入100萬(wàn)元才能完成該產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)，你會(huì)繼續(xù)下去嗎？為了完成研發(fā)，你最多愿意支付多殺錢(qián)？$5millionisthesu

7、nkcost.Whatmattersnowisthechancetoearnprofitsatthemargin.c.Efficiency:Anexternalityarisesbecausesecondhsmokeharmsnonsmokers.d.Efficiency:ThemarketfailureoccursbecauseofStardOilsmonopolypower.e.Equityf.Efficiency:Thereisa

8、nexternalitybecauseofaccidentscausedbydrunkdrivers.10.從平等和效率角度討論下面每種說(shuō)法。a.“應(yīng)該保證社會(huì)中的每個(gè)人得到最好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)?！盓fficiencycurrentlydoctsfmamonopolyrestricthealthcaretokeeptheirincomeshighsoefficiencywouldincreasebyprovidingmehealthcare.

9、ifthegovernmentmatedincreasedspendingonhealthcaretheeconomywouldbelessefficientbecauseitwouldgivepeoplemehealthcarethantheywouldchoosetopayf.Fromthepointofviewofequitypopeoplearelesslikelytohaveadequatehealthcareanimprov

10、ement.Eachpersonwouldhaveameevensliceoftheeconomicpiethoughthepiewouldconsistofmehealthcarelessofothergoods.b.“工人在被解雇后，應(yīng)該允許他們?cè)谡业叫鹿ぷ髑耙恢鳖I(lǐng)取失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金。”there’satradeoffbetweenequityefficiency.Whenwkersarelaidoffequityconsideratio

11、nsargueftheunemploymentbenefitssystemtoprovidethemwithsomeincomeuntiltheycanfindnewjobs.Butthere’sanefficiencyproblem?Theeconomyisn’toperatingefficientlyifpeopleremainunemployedfalongtimeunemploymentbenefitsencourageunem

12、ployment.Sogreaterequityreducesefficiency11.你的生活水平和你父母和祖父母在你這般大時(shí)的生活水平，有哪些不同？為何能發(fā)生這些變化？averageincomehasincreasedoveryearshaveabetterstardoflivingthanourparentsamuchbetterstardoflivingthanourgrparents.Cause:increasedproduc

13、tivity:tanhourofwkproducesmegoodsservicesthanitusedtoThusincomeshavecontinuouslyrisenovertimeashasthestardofliving.12.假設(shè)美國(guó)人決定將他們的收入多儲(chǔ)蓄一些。如果銀行將多出的這部分儲(chǔ)蓄借給商人，商人用這些錢(qián)建立工廠(chǎng)，這種做法如何加快了生產(chǎn)力的增長(zhǎng)？你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)從較高的生產(chǎn)力中得到了好處？社會(huì)能得到免費(fèi)的午餐嗎？thesamen

14、umberofwkerswillhavemeequipmenttowkwith.thewkersgetmepaymentsincetheyreproducingmethefactyownersgetareturnontheirinvestments.Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchhoweverbecausewhenpeoplesavemetheyaregivingupspending.Theygethigh