外商直接投資模式的解釋基于土耳其汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的分析【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目：外文題目：UnderstingpatternsofFDI:thecaseofTurkeyitsautoindustry出處：處：EuropeanBusinessJournal15(2)2003pages6169作者：者：M.JohnFosterIpekAlkan.Ipek原文：文：PatternsofFDIfTurkey:actualityexpectationThestartingpo

2、intarguablyfanyaspirantdevelopingeconomyinitssearchfinwardfeigninvestment–FDIfromtheperspectiveoftheinvests–isthegeneralupswinginaggregateglobalFDItrendsfromsourceeconomieswhichoccursfavarietyofwellrehearsedreasonsseee.g

3、.Pter(1990)Buckley(1992)Dunning(1993).Thesereasonsinclude:marketextension(perhapsbecausethehomemarketisnearsaturation)accessingscarceprimaryproducts(primarilyoilminerals)productionefficiencystrategiesbenefitingfromlocati

4、onspecificcostadvantagesinsinkeconomiesmelesscomplexmixturesoftheseotherfacts.Fdevelopingeconomiesthequestiontheymayreasonablyaskis:‘Canwegetashareofthisinflowofcapital’Table1summarisesglobalpatternsofFDIinrecentyears.It

5、showsa238%increaseinaggregateFDIovertheperiod1994to1999.Thiscompriseda338%increaseinFDIintodevelopedcountriesa98%riseintheinflowstodevelopingeconomies.Inshtwhiletherehasbeensignificantgrowthindevelopingeconomiesfthedevel

6、opedeconomiesthegrowthhasbeenmuchmedramatic.EvenChinathemuchvauntedstaroffeigninvestmenthasonlyperfmed‘steadily’whenbenchmarkedagainstglobalaggregates.ThetableshowsusingVietnamasabenchmarkthatTurkeyhasnotdoneverywellinag

7、gregatetermswhencomparedwithneweremergingeconomiesoverthepastdecade.ThissimpleaggregatepatternisfurtherelabatedbyconsideringtheFDIpercapitafiguresshowninTable2.ThisclearlysuggeststhatTurkeyismissingoutincneroftheMediterr

8、anean.Assuchit:?abutstheEUviaitscurrentmosteasterlyelementGreece(hasitscustomsunionwiththeEU)?hasbderswithoilrichIranIraqmegenerallycanbeseenaswellplacedtoservethegrowingdleEastmarket?hasimmediateaccesstoanumberofexComec

9、oneconomieseitherviadirectlbdersbyseaviaBlackSeapts–itcontrolstheBosphuswhichisthegatewaytotheBlackSea.Threemepositivefactscanbereadilyidentifiedallofwhichmightbethoughttobesourcesofcomparativeadvantage:1.competitivelabo

10、urratescertainlycomparedwithEUratesifnotwiththoseofotherdevelopingeconomiesinotherregions(e.g.thebenchmarkusedbefeVietnam)2.awelldevelopedinfrastructureinthewestofthecountryatleastwhichisalsotheindustrializedarea3.alarge

11、privatisationprogrammeoverthepastdecade.WeconcludethissectionbynotingthemajsourcesofFDIintoTurkey.Recentlythemainsourceshavebeen:FranceGermanyUSherlsSwitzerlUKItalyJapanseee.g.LoewendahlErtugalLoewendahl(2000Table1).Inot

12、herwdstheEUtheUSleadsuchinwardinvestmentasisoccurringnotfexampleitsoilrichArabneighbours.TheautosectwithintheTurkisheconomyAtthetimeoftheresearchin2001therewere15automakersinTurkey(TAMs)ofwhich10haveatleastsomeelementofF

13、DI.ThepatternofproductionimptsisshowninTable3.ItshowsagrowingshareoftheTurkishmarketfautounitsbeingtakenbyimptsevenasthemarketitselfgrew.Theindustryisthethirdlargestindustrialsegmentintheeconomyemploys500000people.Vehicl

14、eownershipratescurrentlyarearound62perthouspersonscomparedwithaglobalaverageof82perthousindicatinghighpotentialdemiftheeconomycangrowgenerally.Howevertherearemajperceivedimpedimentstoautosalesaswediscussinthenextsection.