外文翻譯---為城市地下通道建造安全模塊土耳其地鐵車站（英文）

1、Journal of Transportation Technologies, 2015, 5, 1-8 Published Online January 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jtts http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2015.51001 How to cite this paper: Erkan, ?. and Hastemog

2、lu, H. (2015) Building Evacuate Module for Urban Underground Passages: Subway Station in Turkey. Journal of Transportation Technologies, 5, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2015.51001 Building Evacuate Module for Ur

3、ban Underground Passages: Subway Station in Turkey ?lker Erkan, Hasan Hastemoglu Architecture Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey Email: ilkererkan@sdu.edu.tr, hasanhastemoglu@sdu.edu.tr Received 1

4、6 October 2014; revised 8 November 2014; accepted 29 November 2014 Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International Lice

5、nse (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The primary goal of crowd evacuation in urban underground passages or subways is to evacuate as many evacuees as possible to safe areas in the shortest

6、time when emergency events occur. This paper chooses the underground passages of one metro in Istanbul, Turkey as research object, and uses a study method which combines by sites investigation, field test and computer

7、simulation of the creating new software. It is called Building Evacuate Module software. We present a depth analysis of the related factors which include the number and width of passage, channelization set- ting and th

8、e number of pedestrians with the evacuation time. And the influential effect of public opinion is explained by using big data technology. In addition, pedestrians evacuation condition are recorded in three evacuation p

9、eriod, the morning peak, common and evening peak by the ob- servation and statistic obtained with video, and build the model to simulate the change of evacua- tion time with pedestrians. So it reveals when the number of

10、pedestrians reaches to more than 200, evacuation time increases significantly and the field experiment and simulation condition are consistent basically. Keywords Transport Planning, Building Evacuate Module, Crowd Eva

11、cuation, Metro Station 1. Introduction At present, the crowd evacuation of underground passages has become an indispensable link in urban emer- gency evacuation of Turkey, but studies in this subject are not enough. Howe

12、ver, the study of the aspect is not so much, of which the relevant theoretical basis is still relatively weak, even is very difficult [1] [2]. Therefore, the ?. Erkan, H. Hastemoglu 3 Figure 1. Simulation scenario of fo

13、ur exit gate. Figure 2. Number of exit-evacuation time. Figure 3 shows that the increase of the evacuation exit width directly improves the efficiency of the evacua- tion. When exits width is 3 m, evacuation time is 798

14、 s, however, when the width increases to 6 m, evacuation time is 396 s. This means that when the width of evacuation exit multiplies, evacuation time doesn’t decrease in equal proportion, but need more time. Therefore,

15、 the exit width of the building facilities should be set rationally ac- cording to the need of venues. 2.3. Passages Canalization Setting Evacuation speed and the interference among pedestrians can be influenced by the w

16、idth and the number of evacuating exits; in addition, the reasonable passage canalization set also can increase pedestrians’ evacuation efficiency. Stimulating a situation that the evacuation door width is 1 m, and the

17、 number of evacuation is 100 people, and with a velocity of 1.2 m/s. We set up four kinds of circumstances, in which pedestrian evacuate re- spectively on their own, one passage canalization being set, two passage canal

18、ization being set, and three pas- sage canalization being set Figure 4. shows that when the emergency evacuation happen, setting effective channelized diversion objects at the entrances and exits, can reduce the evacuat

19、ion conflict among pedestrians and also can increase the speed and evacuation order, in order to improve the efficiency and safety. When too many channelized objects are set up in evacuating exits, it will go too far a

20、nd the evacuation effi- ciency will be reduced. 2.4. The Number of Pedestrians The number of pedestrians is also an important factor. In this case, we assume 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 peo- ple separately are evacuated

21、at 1.2 m/s , across the underground passage with length of 20 meter and the width of 2 meter. And the scenario of evacuation simulation is shown in Figure 5 at Building Evacuate Module (BEM). The relation of number of

22、 pedestrians and evacuation time in Figure 6. Figure 6 shows that the evacuation time is rising with the number of pedestrians increasing. However, the trend graph indicates that the value of evacuation time is not inc