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1、中介語(yǔ),亦稱學(xué)習(xí)者的語(yǔ)言,是二語(yǔ)習(xí)得過(guò)程不可逾越的一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。在以往的教學(xué)工作過(guò)程中,本文作者觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)作為二語(yǔ)習(xí)得過(guò)程中不可避免的現(xiàn)象——中介語(yǔ)——的產(chǎn)生有著不同的原因:在初學(xué)者階段,二語(yǔ)習(xí)得者所產(chǎn)生的中介語(yǔ)主要集中于語(yǔ)音、拼寫、語(yǔ)法等方面。隨著學(xué)習(xí)者的進(jìn)步,其語(yǔ)音逐漸完善,詞匯量不斷增加,語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用日益嫻熟,二語(yǔ)習(xí)得者的外語(yǔ)水平逐漸過(guò)渡到中級(jí),乃至高級(jí)階段。這時(shí)候中介語(yǔ)中的另外一種現(xiàn)象:由于學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)文化的認(rèn)識(shí)不足而產(chǎn)生的中介語(yǔ)現(xiàn)
2、象逐漸開(kāi)始顯露。此時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)者的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題主要表現(xiàn)為運(yùn)用了正確的語(yǔ)法、拼寫,但是卻產(chǎn)生了不合適宜的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。在這個(gè)階段,此類由于對(duì)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)文化的認(rèn)識(shí)不足而產(chǎn)生的中介語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象開(kāi)始占據(jù)不合適的外語(yǔ)表達(dá)中的一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)谋壤?。然而外語(yǔ)教師卻無(wú)法利用各類純粹的語(yǔ)言規(guī)則,如語(yǔ)法、拼寫規(guī)則等對(duì)其進(jìn)行規(guī)范。 在Selinker的理論中,中介語(yǔ)形成的原因分為五個(gè)方面:(1)語(yǔ)言遷移;(2)訓(xùn)練遷移;(3)二語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)策略;(4)二語(yǔ)交際策略和(5)過(guò)度概括。這
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