交通燈外文資料及翻譯---代理控制交通燈

1、1出處： 出處：Roozemond D A, Rogier J L H. Agent Controlled Traffic Lights[J]. Proc Esit, 2001.2950 單詞， 單詞，4990 漢字 漢字外文資料 外文資料Agent controlled traffic lightsDanko A. Roozemond，Jan L.H. RogierABSTRACT: Due to several reasons, c

2、hanging conditions in the environment do not always lead to changes in the traffic control units. The hypothesis of this research is that it may be useful to make use of self evaluating and self organising intelligent (

3、urban) traffic control systems. In this research we focus on the applicability of autonomous intelligent agents within urban traffic control (i.e. traffic light systems). We consider the opportunity of building adaptive

4、traffic control units based on intelligent agent technology that pro-act upon changes (short- and long term) in traffic in real-time. We expect that intelligent agent based systems in urban traffic control can provide a

5、 more balanced, co-ordinated and optimal setting of the signal control schema during operation.KEYWORDS: Intelligent agents, urban traffic control, adaptive traffic control, proactive control, traffic light systemsIntro

6、ductionThe quality of (urban) traffic control systems is determined by the match between the control schema and the actual traffic patterns. If traffic patterns change, what they usually do, the effectiveness is determin

7、ed by the way in which the system adapts to these changes. When this ability to adapt becomes an integral part of the traffic control unit it can react better to changes in traffic conditions. Adjusting a traffic contro

8、l unit is a costly and timely affair if it involves human attention. The hypothesis is that it might offer additional benefit using self-evaluating and self- adjusting traffic control systems. There is already a market f

9、or an urban traffic control system that is able to react if the environment changes; the so called adaptive systems. “Real“ adaptive systems will need pro-active calculated traffic information and cycle plans- based on

10、 these calculated traffic conditions- to be updated frequently.Our research of the usability of agent technology within traffic control can be split into two parts. First there is a theoretical part integrating agent te

11、chnology and traffic control. The final stage of this research focuses on practical issues like implementation and performance. Here we present the concepts of agent technology applied to dynamic traffic control. Curre

12、ntly we are designing a layered model of an agent based urban traffic control system. We will elaborate on that in the last chapters.Adaptive urban traffic control Adaptive signal control systems must have a capability

13、to optimise the traffic flow by adjusting the traffic signals based on current traffic. All used traffic signal control methods are based on feed-back algorithms using traffic demand data -varying 3are capable of simul

14、ating complex systems for traffic simulation. These systems often use one agent for every traffic participant (in a similar way as object oriented programs often use objects). The application of agents in (Urban) Traffi

15、c Control is the one that has our prime interest. Here we ultimately want to use agents for pro- active traffic light control with on-line optimisation. Signal plans then will be determined based on predicted and measur

16、ed detector data and will be tuned with adjoining agents. The most promising aspects of agent technology, the flexibility and pro-active behaviour, give UTC the possibility of better anticipation of traffic. Current UTC

17、 is not that flexible, it is unable to adjust itself if situations change and can't handle un-programmed situations. Agent technology can also be implemented on several different control layers. This gives the advan

18、tage of being close to current UTC while leaving considerable freedom at the lower (intersection) level.Designing agent based urban traffic control systemsThe ideal system that we strive for is a traffic control system t

19、hat is based on actuated traffic controllers and is able to pro actively handle traffic situations and handling the different, sometimes conflicting, aims of traffic controllers. The proposed use of the concept of agent

20、s in this research is experimental.Assumptions and considerations on agent based urban traffic controlThere are three aspects where agent based traffic control and -management can improve current state of the art UTC sys

21、tems:- Adaptability. Intelligent agents are able to adapt its behaviour and can learn from earlier situations. - Communication. Communication makes it possible for agents to co-operate and tune signal plans.- Pro-active

22、behaviour. Due to the pro active behaviour traffic control systems are able to plan ahead.To be acceptable as replacement unit for current traffic control units, the system should perform the same or better than current

23、 systems. The agent based UTC will require on-line and pro-active reaction on changing traffic patterns. An agent based UTC should be demand responsive as well as adaptive during all stages and times. New methods for t

24、raffic control and traffic prediction should be developed as current ones do not suffice and cannot be used in agent technology. The adaptability can also be divided in several different time scales where the system may

25、 need to handle in a different way (Rogier, 1999):- gradual changes due to changing traffic volumes over a longer period of time,- abrupt changes due to changing traffic volumes over a longer period of time, - abrupt, t

26、emporal, changes due to changing traffic volumes over a short period of time,- abrupt, temporal, changes due to prioritised traffic over a short period of timeOne way of handling the balance between performance and comp