高級(jí)英語2 unit3

1、新世紀(jì)高等院校英語專業(yè)本科生系列教材（修訂版）高級(jí)英語1電子教案,,Unit 3 Pain Is Not the Ultimate Enemy,Detailed Reading,Contents,,Warm Up,Global Reading,Consolidation Activities,Text Appreciation,Further Enhancement,Section 1: Warm Up,Take the quiz b

2、elow to see how well you know about everyday aches and pains.,Lead-in,Background Information,Some people say they feel pain in their hair. T/ F? Pain is always a sign that something is wrong. T/ F? Redheads may

3、 be more sensitive to pain than people with other hair colors. T/ F? Growing pains are real. T/ F?Women have a higher threshold for pain. T/ F? Exercise can help reduce pain over time. T/ F? If you have back pa

4、in, you should sleep on a firm mattress. T/ F?,T,F,T,T,T,F,F,Section 1: Warm Up,8. The most common painful condition is A. low back pain. B. cancer pain. C. headache. D. arthritis.9. Ici

5、ng a sprain A. returns soft tissue to normal. B. decreases swelling. C. increases circulation.,Lead-in,Background Information,A,B,Section 1: Warm Up,10. The difference between chronic pain and acute pain

6、is A. the intensity of the pain. B. how long the pain lasts. C. where the pain is. D. when the pain comes on.,Lead-in,Background Information,B,Section 1: Warm Up,About the Author Americ

7、an essayist and editor, Norman Cousins was born in 1915 in Union Hill, New Jersey. He attended Teachers College at Columbia University, and then went on to lead an illustrious career as the longtime editor of The Saturda

8、y Review. During his lifetime Cousins fended off a life-threatening disease and a massive coronary, both times using his own regimen of nutritional and emotional support systems as opposed to traditional methods of treat

9、ment.,1915-1990,Background Information,Lead-in,Section 1: Warm Up,Norman Cousins died in November, 1990. He led an extraordinary life, spending his lifetime challenging the odds. He received hundreds of awards including

10、the Peace Medal from the United Nations, and nearly fifty honorary doctorate degrees. He also served as a diplomat during three presidential administrations. Cousins wrote on a variety of subjects and had many p

11、ublications. In 1979, his Anatomy of an Illness appeared, a book based on Cousins’ own experience with his life-threatening illness and exploring the healing ability of the human mind.,Background Information,Lead-in,Sect

12、ion 2: Global Reading,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,To criticize over-advertisement of pain-killers. To enlighten the public on the causes and mechanisms of pain. To illustrate traditional misconceptions about

13、pain and pain-killers. To recommend solutions for pain and the pain-related illiteracy.,,Decide which of the following best states the author’s purpose.,Section 2: Global Reading,Please divide the text into 4 parts and

14、summarize the main idea of each part.,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,Part I,(Paragraph 1) Introduction,Paragraph 1 states that Americans are the most pain-conscious people in the world and introduces the result of this o

15、ver-consciousness.,,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,Part III,(Paragraphs 8-12) Harm of Pain-Killing Drugs,Paragraphs 8-12, making use of typical examples, illustrate the harm of pain-killing drugs.,Section 2: Global Readi

16、ng,Paragraphs 2-7 focus on the American people’s ignorance about pain. They point out their abuse of pain-killing drugs, and reasons for and harm of the abuse, and suggest the correct ways to confront pain in daily life.

17、,Part II,(Paragraphs 2-7) American People’s Ignorance about Pain,Structural Analysis,Main Idea,Part IV,(Paragraph 13) Conclusion,In Paragraph 13, the author calls upon all the parties concerned to take action to educate

18、 people about pain and pain-killing drugs.,Section 2: Global Reading,Section 3: Detailed Reading,1 Americans are probably the most pain-conscious people on the face of the earth. For years we have had it drummed into

19、us—in print, on radio, over television, in everyday conversation—that any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil. As a result, we are becoming a nation of pill-grabbers and hypochondriacs,

20、 escalating the slightest ache into a searing ordeal.2 We know very little about pain and what we don’t know makes it hurt all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in,Pain Is Not the Ultimate Enemy,,,,,,,,,,,,,QUEST

21、ION,Section 3: Detailed Reading,the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about pain—what it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off the names of at least a d

22、ozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable cause—all the way from headaches to hemorrhoids. There is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self-limiting, that it is not always an

23、indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking,,,,,,QUESTI

24、ON,Section 3: Detailed Reading,excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern society.3 [2] The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the be

25、st way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse. Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers—aspirins, barbiturates, codeines, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesics or des

26、ensitizing drugs.4 [3] Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings,,,,,,,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,of a pain-killing industry. Their offices

27、are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. [4] It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run to a doctor at the first sign of p

28、ain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them exce

29、pt a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache.,,,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,5 Patients tend to feel indignant and insulted if the physician tells them he can find no organic cause of pain. They tend to interpret

30、the term “psychogenic” to mean that they are complaining of nonexistent symptoms. They need to be educated about the fact that many forms of pain have no underlying physical cause but are the result, as mentioned earlier

31、, of tension, stress, or hostile factors in the general environment. Sometimes a pain may be a manifestation of “conversion hysteria,” the name given by Jean Charcot to,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,physical symptoms that

32、 have their origins in emotional disturbances.6 Obviously, it is folly for an individual to ignore symptoms that could be a warning of a potentially serious illness. [5] Some people are so terrified of getting bad news

33、 from a doctor that they allow their malaise to worsen, sometimes past the point of no return. Total neglect is not the answer to hypochondria. [6]The only answer has to be increased education about the way the human bod

34、y works, so that more,QUESTION,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,people will be able to steer an intelligent course between promiscuous pill-popping and irresponsible disregard of genuine symptoms.7 Of all forms of pain, no

35、ne is more important for the individual to understand than the “threshold” variety. Almost everyone has a telltale ache that is triggered whenever tension or fatigue reaches a certain point. It can take the form of a mig

36、raine-type headache or a squeezing pain deep in the abdomen or cramps or a pain in the lower back or even pain in the joints. [7]The individual who has learned how to make,QUESTION,,,,,,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,the

37、correlation between such threshold pains and their cause doesn’t panic when they occur; he or she does something about relieving the stress and tension. Then, if the pain persists despite the absence of apparent cause, t

38、he individual will telephone the doctor.8 If ignorance about the nature of pain is widespread, ignorance about the way pain-killing drugs work is even more so. What is not generally understood is that many of the vaunt

39、ed pain-killing drugs conceal the pain without correcting the underlying condition. They deaden the mechanism in the,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,body that alerts the brain to the fact that something may be wrong. [8] Th

40、e body can pay a high price for suppression of pain without regard to its basic cause.9 Professional athletes are sometimes severely disadvantaged by trainers whose job is to keep them in action. [9] The more famous th

41、e athlete, the greater the risk that he or she may be subjected to extreme medical measures when injury strikes. The star baseball pitcher whose arm is sore because of a torn muscle or tissue damage may need sustained re

42、st more than anything else. But his team is battling for a place in the World,,,,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Series; so the trainer or team doctor, called upon to work his magic, reaches for a strong dose of Butazolidin

43、e or other powerful pain suppressants. Presto, the pain disappears! The pitcher takes his place on the mound and does superbly. That could be the last game, however, in which he is able to throw a ball with full strength

44、. The drugs didn’t repair the torn muscle or cause the damaged tissue to heal. What they did was to mask the pain, enabling the pitcher to throw hard, further damaging the torn muscle. [10] Little wonder that so many sta

45、r athletes are cut down in their prime, more the victims of,QUESTION,,,,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,overzealous treatment of their injuries than of the injuries themselves.10 [11] The king of all painkillers, of cours

46、e, is aspirin. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription, [12] but the drug, contrary to popular belief, can be dangerous and, in sustained doses, potentially lethal. [13] Aspi

47、rin is self-administered by more people than any other drug in the world. Some people are aspirin-poppers, taking ten or more a day. What they don’t know is that the smallest dose can cause internal bleeding. [14] Even m

48、ore,,,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,serious perhaps is the fact that aspirin is antagonistic to collagen, which has a key role in the formation of connective tissue. Since many forms of arthritis involve disintegration of

49、 the connective tissues, the steady use of aspirin can actually intensify the underlying arthritic condition.11 Aspirin is not the only pain-killing drug, of course, that is known to have dangerous side effects. Dr. Da

50、phne A. Roe, of Cornell University, at a medical meeting in New York City in 1974, presented startling evidence of a wide range of hazards associated with sedatives and other pain suppressants. Some of,QUESTION,,,,,,,Sec

51、tion 3: Detailed Reading,these drugs seriously interfere with the ability of the body to metabolize food properly, producing malnutrition. In some instances, there is also the danger of bone-marrow depression, interferin

52、g with the ability of the body to replenish its blood supply.12 Pain-killing drugs are among the greatest advances in the history of medicine. Properly used, they can be a boon in alleviating suffering and in treating

53、disease. [15] But their indiscriminate and promiscuous use is making psychological cripples and chronic ailers out of millions of people. [16] The,,,,,,,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,unremitting barrage of advertising for

54、 pain-killing drugs, especially over television, has set the stage for a mass anxiety neurosis. [17]Almost from the moment children are old enough to sit upright in front of a television screen, they are being indoctrina

55、ted into the hypochondriac’s clamorous and morbid world. Little wonder so many people fear pain more than death itself.13 It might be a good idea if [18]concerned physicians and educators could get together to make kno

56、wledge about pain an important part of the regular school curriculum. As for the,,,,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,populace at large, perhaps some of the same techniques used by public-service agencies to make people cance

57、r-conscious can be used to counteract the growing terror of pain and illness in general. [19]People ought to know that nothing is more remarkable about the human body than its recuperative drive, given a modicum of respe

58、ct. If our broadcasting stations cannot provide equal time for responses to the pain-killing advertisements, they might at least set aside a few minutes each day for common-sense remarks on the subject of pain.,,,,,,Sect

59、ion 3: Detailed Reading,[20]As for the Food and Drug Administration, it might be interesting to know why an agency that has energetically warned the American people against taking vitamins without prescriptions is doing

60、so little to control over-the-counter sales each year of billions of pain-killing pills, some of which can do more harm than the pain they are supposed to suppress.,QUESTION,ACTIVITY,,Section 3: Detailed Reading,What has

61、 been “drummed into” the American people for years? (Paragraph 1),The idea “that any hint of pain is to be banished as though it were the ultimate evil”. And because of this, Americans have become fond of pain-killing dr

62、ugs.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,What is the most harmful part of the American people’s ignorance about pain? (Paragraph 2),According to the author, the most widespread or costly form of illiteracy in the United States

63、is ignorance about pain. The most harmful part of it is that people believe that pain is the indicator of poor health and the best way to eliminate pain is to take pills.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,What is one possible

64、 cause of pain according to Paragraph 5? (Paragraph 5),Emotional disturbances.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,What should be the wise response to pain? (Paragraph 6),Don’t abuse pain-killing drugs and at the same time pay d

65、ue attention to symptoms that could be a warning of a potentially serious illness.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Why does the author mention the star baseball pitcher? (Paragraph 9),The author mentions the star baseball pi

66、tcher to illustrate the great harm of pain-killing drugs: they conceal the pain without correcting the underlying condition so that the patient misses the best chance of treatment and recovery. And the famous athletes ar

67、e the best representatives of these victims.,Section 3: Detailed Reading,Why does the author mention aspirin? (Paragraph 10),Because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits aspirin to be sold without prescription,

68、this drug has been abused most seriously, its negative side effects being unknown to many people. The author thus uses it as an example to illustrate the great harm of abusing pain-killing drugs.,Section 3: Detailed Read