研究生科技英語(yǔ)閱讀課文翻譯

1、GeicallymodifiedfoodsFeedtheWldIfyouwanttosparkaheateddebateatadinnerpartybringupthetopicofgeicallymodifiedfoods.Fmanypeopletheconceptofgeicallyalteredhightechcropproductionraisesallkindsofenvironmentalhealthsafetyethica

2、lquestions.Particularlyincountrieswithlongagrariantraditionsvocalgreenlobbiestheideaseemsagainstnature.如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一場(chǎng)激烈的爭(zhēng)論，那就提出轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的話(huà)題吧。對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，高科技的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物生產(chǎn)的概念會(huì)帶來(lái)諸如環(huán)境、健康、安全和倫理等方面的各種問(wèn)題。特別是在有悠久的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)傳統(tǒng)和主張環(huán)保的游說(shuō)集團(tuán)的國(guó)家里，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的主意

3、似乎有悖自然。Infactgeicallymodifiedfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.AthirdofthecnmethanhalfthesoybeanscottongrownintheUSlastyearweretheproductofbiotechnologyaccdingtotheDepartmentofAgriculture.Methan65millionacresofgeica

4、llymodifiedcropswillbeplantedintheUSthisyear.Thegeicisoutofthebottle.事實(shí)上，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品已經(jīng)成為我們生活重要的一部分。根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)部的統(tǒng)計(jì)，美國(guó)去年所種植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技術(shù)的產(chǎn)物。今年，美國(guó)將種植6500多萬(wàn)英畝的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物?；蜓忠呀?jīng)從瓶子里跑出來(lái)了。Yetthereareclearlysomeveryrealissuesthatneedto

5、beresolved.Likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchaingeicallymodifiedfoodsmustbesubjectedtorigoustesting.Inwealthycountriesthedebateaboutbiotechistemperedbythefactthatwehavearicharrayoffoodstochoosefromasupplythatfarexceedsou

6、rneeds.Indevelopingcountriesdesperatetofeedfastgrowingunderfedpopulationstheissueissimplermuchmeurgent:Dothebenefitsofbiotechoutweightherisks但是，顯然還有一些非?，F(xiàn)實(shí)的問(wèn)題需要解決。就像任何一種要進(jìn)入食物鏈的新食品一樣，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品必須經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格的檢驗(yàn)。在富裕的國(guó)家里，由于有大量豐富的食品可供選擇，而

7、且供應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)需求，所以關(guān)于生物技術(shù)的爭(zhēng)論相對(duì)緩和一些。在迫切想要養(yǎng)活其迅速增長(zhǎng)而又吃不飽的人口的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，問(wèn)題比較簡(jiǎn)單，也更加緊迫：生物技術(shù)的好處是否大于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢Thestatisticsonpopulationgrowthhungeraredisturbing.Lastyearthewldspopulationreached6billion.by2050theUNestimatesitwillprobablynear9billion

8、.Almostallthatgrowthwilloccurindevelopingcountries.Atthesametimethewldsavailablecultivable蟲(chóng)害帶來(lái)的損失令人難以置信。例如，歐洲玉米螟每年毀掉4000萬(wàn)噸玉米，占世界玉米總產(chǎn)量的7％。把抗蟲(chóng)害的基因植入種子可以幫助避免這一損失。在非洲進(jìn)行的抗蟲(chóng)害棉花試驗(yàn)中，棉花的產(chǎn)量已大幅度提高。有人擔(dān)心，抗蟲(chóng)害的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物不僅將害蟲(chóng)殺死，而且有可能連益蟲(chóng)也一起殺

9、死，但到目前為止，這種擔(dān)心似乎沒(méi)有根據(jù)。Virusesoftencausemassivefailureinstaplecropsindevelopingcountries.TwoyearsageAfricalostmethanhalfitscassavacropakeysourceofcaliestothemosaicvirus.Geicallymodifiedvirusresistantcropscanreducethatdamage

10、ascandroughttolerantseedsinregionswherewatershtageslimittheamountoflundercultivation.Biotechcanalsohelpsolvetheproblemofsoilthatcontainsexcessaluminumwhichcandamagerootscausemanystaplecropfailures.Agenethathelpsneutraliz

11、ealuminumtoxicityinricehasbeenidentified.病毒常常在發(fā)展中國(guó)家造成主要糧食作物的大面積歉收。兩年前，花葉病毒使非洲損失了超過(guò)一半的木薯，而這種作物是當(dāng)?shù)厝说闹饕澄铩＾D(zhuǎn)基因的抗病毒作物可以減少這種損失，就像抗干旱種子在可耕地面積因缺水而受到限制的地區(qū)起到的作用一樣。含鋁過(guò)高的土壤會(huì)損傷作物的根系并使許多主要作物歉收，對(duì)于這種問(wèn)題生物技術(shù)也能幫助解決。目前，研究人員已經(jīng)識(shí)別出一種有助于中和水稻里鋁的

12、毒性的基因。Manyscientistsbelievebiotechcouldraiseoverallcropproductivityindevelopingcountriesasmuchas25%helppreventthelossofthosecropsaftertheyareharvested.許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，生物技術(shù)能夠把發(fā)展中國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)量提高25％，并且?guī)椭乐棺魑锸崭詈笤馐軗p失。Yetfallthatpromisebio

13、techisfarfrombeingthewholeanswer.Indevelopingcountrieslostcropsareonlyonecauseofhunger.Povertyplaysthelargestrole.Todaymethan1billionpeoplearoundtheglobeliveonlessthan1aday.Makinggeicallymodifiedcropsavailablewillnotredu

14、cehungeriffarmerscannotaffdtogrowthemifthelocalpopulationcannotaffdtobuythefoodthosefarmersproduce.盡管具有這么多潛力，生物技術(shù)還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能解決全部問(wèn)題。在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，作物歉收只是造成饑餓的一個(gè)原因。貧窮才是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。今天，全世界有超過(guò)10億人口每天靠不到1美元維持生計(jì)。如果農(nóng)民沒(méi)錢(qián)種植轉(zhuǎn)基因作物或當(dāng)?shù)厝速I(mǎi)不起農(nóng)民種出的糧食，培育轉(zhuǎn)基因作物就