自主學習3-答案

1、自主學習自主學習3PartIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoonewdfeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawdbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullyb

2、efemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasewritethecrespondingletterfeachitemintheblank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewdsinthebankmethanonce.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Domesticlawsnotaglob

3、altreatyarethewaytofightglobalwarming.Governmentsliketocite1)__constraints(限制)suchasmeetingtheconditionsfaninternationaldifficultywhenpushingthroughunpopularpolicies.Butwithmeasuresto2)___withclimatechangetheoppositeprev

4、ails.Eachroundofintergovernmentaltalksoncutting3)___compensatingvictimsseemstoachievelessthantheonebefe.Meanwhileaccdingtoanewstudythenumberofnewdomesticenvironmentlawsrosequickly.theoveralltrendisastrongincreaseinlegala

5、ctivism.LastyearMexicopassedanimptantlawtoguideallitsclimatechange4)___.Somepeopledefinewhatcountsasaclimatelawishardwhensomuch5)___theenvironment.Thenumberoflawsaloneisnotthe6)___measure:somearecomprehensiveotherspecifi

6、c.Rulessetbyotherlayersofgovernmentmay7)___methanthenationalkind.justbecausealawpassesdoesnotmeanitwilldoanygood.YetSamFankhauseroftheLondonSchoolofEconomicssaystheriseinnationallegislationhelpsstoptheskeptics’claimthati

7、tisselfdefeatingfacountrytoactaloneonclimatechange.Healsopointsoutthatmanybigcountriesstillhaveawaytogo.Thestudy8)___theweaklinkbetweenglobalactiondomesticchange.Holdingabigclimateconference9)___aseriesoflawsacoupleofyea

8、rslater.Butby10)___votersappearmewillingtoacceptdomesticenvironmentallawsthaninternationalones.A)affectsF)externalK)matterB)crucialG)internalL)policiesC)dealH)largeM)promoteD)effectsI)lessN)promptsE)emissionsJ)literallyO

9、)revealshadnoimpactonaperson’seducationalachievement.In2012thepsychologistsHuiBaiKathleenBriggsconcludedthat“thenameinitialisatbestaverylimitedunconsciousprimeifany.”Whileaperson’snamemayunconsciouslyinfluencehisherthink

10、ingitseffectsondecisionmakingarelimited.Followupstudieshavealsoquestionedthelinkbetweennameslongevitycareerchoicesuccessgeographicmarriagepreferencesacademicachievement.F)Howeveritmaynotbethecasethatnameeffectsdon’texist

11、perhapstheyjustneedtobereinterpreted.In2004theeconomistsMarianneBertrSendhilMullainathancreatedfivethousrsumsinresponsetojobadspostedintheclassifiedsinChicagoBostonnewspapers.UsingMassachusettsbirthcertificatesfrombetwee

12、n19741979BertrMullainathandeterminedwhichnamesappearedatahighfrequencyinoneracebutatalowfrequencyinanothercreatinggroupsofwhattheytermed“whitesoundingnames”(likeEmilyWalshGregBaker)“blacksoundingnames”(likeLakishaWashing

13、tonJamalJones).Theyalsocreatedtwotypesofcidates:ahigherqualitygroupwithmeexperienceamecompleteprofilealowerqualitygroupwithsomeobviousgapsinemploymentbackground.Theysenttworsumsfromeachqualificationgrouptoeveryemployeron

14、ewith“blacksounding”nametheotherwitha“whitesounding”one(atotaloffourCVsperemployer).Theyfoundthatthe“whitesounding”cidatesreceivedfiftypercentmecallbacksthattheadvantagearsumwitha“whitesounding”namehadoverarsumwitha“blac

15、ksounding”namewasroughlyequivalenttoeightmeyearsofwkexperience.Anaverageofoneofeveryten“white”rsumsreceivedacallbackversusoneofeveryfifteen“black”rsums.Namesinotherwdssendsignalsaboutwhowearewherewecomefrom.G)Theeffectso

16、fnamesignalingwhatnamessayaboutethnicityreligionsocialspheresocioeconomicbackgroundmaybeginlongbefesomeoneentersthewkfce.InastudyofchildreninaFlidaschooldistrictconductedbetween19942001theeconomistDavidFigliodemonstrated

17、thatachild’snameinfluencedhowheshewastreatedbytheteacherthatdifferentialtreatmentinturntranslatedtotestsces.Figlioisolatedtheeffectsofthestudents’namesbycomparingsiblingssamebackgrounddifferentnames.Childrenwithnamesthat

18、werelinkedtolowsocioeconomicstatusbeingblackasmeasuredbytheapproachusedbyBertrMullainathanweremetwithlowerteacherexpectations.Unsurprisinglytheythenperfmedmepolythantheircounterpartswithnonblackhigherstatusnames.Converse

19、lychildrenwithAsiansoundingnames(alsomeasuredbybirthrecdfrequency)weremetwithhigherexpectationsweremefrequentlyplacedingiftedprograms.H)TheeconomistsStevenLevittRolFryerlookedattrendsinnamesgiventoblackchildrenintheUnite

20、dStatesfromthe1970stotheearly1980s.Theydiscoveredthatnameswhichsoundedmedistinctively“black”becameovertimeevermereliablesignalsofsocioeconomicstatus.Thatstatusinturnaffectedachild’ssubsequentlifeoutcomewhichmeantthatitwa