17屆高一暑期空中課堂1---情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、Modal verbs,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,Read the sentences aloud,He can finish the 100 meter race in 11 seconds.You must work hard to win the gold medal.Can I have a look at your watch?Shall we do some exercises this morning?I will help yo

2、u wash your dirty clothes.You shouldn’t eat too much before sleeping.,基本概念 （一）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度。 （二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn) 1）有一定詞義； 2）不受主語人稱和數(shù)的變化影響； 3）與主要?jiǎng)釉~的原形（或稱不帶to的不定式）一起構(gòu)成謂語（除ought to作固定詞組看待）。,三）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法

3、 1. can (could),1）表示能力，could主要指過去時(shí)間。,Nobody can stop the development of science.,2）表示請(qǐng)求和允許,---Can/Could I have a look at your new pen?---Yes, you can.,3）表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。,這可能是真的嗎？你怎么能如此粗心？他不可能六十多歲了。,Can

4、 this be true?,How can you be so careless?,He can't (couldn't) be over sixty.,4) can 用在肯定句中表示理論上的可能性 (一時(shí)的可能)。A house in the center of London can cost a lot of money.冬天有時(shí)暖和。,It can be warm in winter.,can 和be abl

5、e to 1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can只有兩種時(shí)態(tài)形式，現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could, 而be able to有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式。,Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.,2)表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was/were able toThe fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was ab

6、le to get out.船翻掉的時(shí)候，他游到了岸上。,When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank.,你再仔細(xì)都不過分。她只得同意我的觀點(diǎn)。那個(gè)女孩忍不住哭起來。我非常感謝你。那部電影不能更糟了。我大笑起來，我就是忍不住。,can或could 的否定形式構(gòu)成習(xí)慣短語can’t...too.../ can’t ....enough...再...也不過分can’t(

7、help)but do不得不做，只好做can’t help doing 情不自禁can’t help it 沒有辦法can’t ...+比較級(jí) 再...不過了（表示最高級(jí)）,I burst out laughing; I couldn’t help it.,You can’t be too careful.,She couldn’t but agree to my idea.,The girl couldn’t help c

8、rying.,I can’t thank you enough.,The film couldn’t be any worse.,2. may (might),1）表請(qǐng)求和允許，might可以指過去時(shí)間， 也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語氣更委婉。,You may take whatever you like.,----May I use your dictionary?,----Yes, please. / Certainly./ Pl

9、ease don't . You'd better not. / No, you mustn't.,She may not know about it.,2）表推測，可能（事實(shí)上）。might可能性小 (肯定，不用于疑問句),May you succeed.,3）用于祈使句,表示祝愿, 結(jié)構(gòu)may sb. do,I wish I could go sightseeing this summerholiday,

10、 ________?,may I,may well 很可能may/might as well 最好，不妨,祝你成功！,3. must,1）表示必須，必要（主觀意志）。,We must do everything step by step.,---Must we hand in our exercise-books now?,---No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.,---

11、 Yes, you must.,have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要,,2）表示揣測。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。（否定用can代替must）,他肯定病了，他看起來臉色那么蒼白。,他說的不可能是真的。,Cars must not be parked here.,3）表示禁止,He must be ill. He looks so pale.,What he said can not be true.,He mu

12、st come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. —How old are you, madam?—If you must know, I'm twice my son's age.,4). must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情,4. shall ---should,When shall he be

13、 able to leave the hospital?,What shall we do this evening?,1）表征詢意見，用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。,You shall fail if you don’t work harder. He shall have the book when I finish reading.He shall be punished.,2） shall 用于第2，3人稱陳述句，表示說話人給

14、對(duì)方命令，警告，允諾，威脅,You should / ought to go to class right away.,should1）表示勸告,建議,命令, “應(yīng)該” = ought to,They should / ought to be home by now.,2）表推測，意為“照說應(yīng)該、估計(jì)”等,3）should用在if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句中，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是完全沒有可能。相當(dāng)于“萬一”，從句使用虛擬語氣,

15、If you should change your mind, please give me a call.If I should be free tomorrow I will come.,Why should you be so late today?,---Where is Betty?---How should I know?,表示說話人對(duì)某事的不能理解，感到意外，驚異,4) It is important/ necessa

16、ry/ strange/ natural/ a pity that sb. should do ),5. will --- would,I will do anything for you.,他們問我們是否愿意給予他們幫助。,1）表意志，愿意，決心,Will/Would you close the window? It's a bit cold.,2）表請(qǐng)求，用于疑問句。 would更加委婉,They asked if we w

17、ould give them some help.,3) will be will (would) have done 主要用于第2，3人稱，表示對(duì)目前，將來和過去的動(dòng)作的猜測 這會(huì)是你要的書。那時(shí)候客人們已經(jīng)到了。到這個(gè)月底為止我們將完成那項(xiàng)工程。,We will have finished the project by the end of this month.,This will be the book y

18、ou want.,The guests would have arrived by that time.,The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. During the summer holidays he would visit me very week.,4）表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。,would 與 used to do 區(qū)別

19、 ——— “過去常?！?would ------過去習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作（現(xiàn)在有可能還有此習(xí)慣）used to do --------過去習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有此習(xí)慣）,People used to think that the earth was flat.,She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.,,6. need &am

20、p; dare,,,,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (+動(dòng)詞原形),行為動(dòng)詞,,,,,,.,need,dare,1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑問句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用;,3.常以needn’t 和daren’t 的形式出現(xiàn);,4.dare有其過去時(shí)dared.,多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to

21、 do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing,,,,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 vs 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,肯定句 她今天需要待在家里。 他敢從高墻上跳下來。,實(shí),情,e.g. She needs to stay at home today.e.g. He dares to jump from the high wall.,e.g. She need

22、stay at home today.e.g. He dare jump from the high wall.,疑問句 她今天需要待在家里嗎？ 他敢從高墻上跳下來嗎？,e.g. Does she need to stay at home today?e.g. Does he dare to jump from the high wall?,e.g. Need she stay at ho

23、me today?e.g. Dare he jump from the high wall?,實(shí),情,否定句 她今天不需要待在家里。 他不敢從高墻上跳下來。,dare 作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，否定句中的 to 可以省略,,e.g.He doesn’t dare (to) jump from the high wall.,實(shí),e.g. She doesn’t need to stay at hom

24、e today.e.g. He doesn’t dare to jump from the high wall,情,e.g. She needn’t stay at home today.e.g. He dare not jump from the high wall.,I dare say,1. ---我需要來嗎？---是的。2. 你怎敢說我不公正？3. 她晚上不敢獨(dú)自一人外出。4. 桌子需要油漆一下。5. 你不必親

25、自做這件事。,--Need I come? --Yes, you must.,How dare you say I´m unfair?,She dare not go out alone at night.She doesn't dare (to) go out alone at night.,The table needs painting/to be painted.,You don´t need to

26、 do it yourself.,表示推測——情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法.,1. You must be Mr Smith----I was told to expect you here.2. He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He can’t have slept through all that noise.5

27、. There’s someone outside----who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.8. You could be right, I suppose.,,,,,,,,,,表示推測——情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重要用法.,肯定的推測可能的推測否定的推測疑問的推測,must,,,,,,,

28、,對(duì)將來 對(duì)現(xiàn)在 對(duì)過去,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,may, might,can’t, couldn’t,can, could,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done

29、 + be doing,+V. + V. + have done + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing,（二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完成式和進(jìn)行式

30、的用法 我應(yīng)當(dāng)早一點(diǎn)完成這項(xiàng)工作的。 他還未到，一定是沒趕上火車。 他能到那里去了呢？,I should have finished the work earlier.,He isn´t here. He must have missed the train.,Where can (could) he have gone?,1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完成式，表“應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)……”，“想必已經(jīng)……”，“本

31、來可以……”等意。,你可能在報(bào)上已經(jīng)讀到這件事了。 你本來可以更細(xì)心的。 他本不必為此事?lián)摹?昨天的聚會(huì)非常有意思。你本應(yīng)該來，為何不來呢？,You may (might) have read about it.,You could have been more careful.,He needn´t have worried about it.,There was a lot of fun at yes

32、terday´s party. You ought to have come, but why didn´t you?,2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟進(jìn)行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“應(yīng)當(dāng)正在”等意。 現(xiàn)在是十二點(diǎn)。他們一定正在吃飯。 他們可能正在論討這個(gè)問題。 他說的不可能是真話。 她不應(yīng)當(dāng)那樣干，她身體仍那么虛。,It´s twelve o´clock. They mu

33、st be having lunch.,They may be discussing this problem.,He can´t be telling the truth.,She shouldn't be working like that. She's still so weak.,表推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞句子的反意疑問句He must/may be in the room, ________ ?He can

34、’t be in the room, _______?He must have finished the work, _________?He may have done the work last night, _________?He must have been caught in the heavy rain last night,__________?,wasn’t he,isn’t he,is he,hasn’t he

35、,didn’t he,----____ I go out to play, mum? ----No, you___. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldn’t B. May; had better not C. Must; mustn’t D. Need; mustn’t2. ---Where is Emma? ---I can

36、’t say for sure where she is, but she___ be out shopping. A. canB. should C. must D. may,B,Practice,D,3. The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned. A. can’t have been B. couldn’t be C. ma

37、y have been D. would be4. There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’tD. needn’t,A,C,5.---There

38、were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ____a comfortable journey. A. can't be B. mustn't have been C. shouldn't be D. couldn't have been,D,6.The

39、 fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,D,7.--Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.--You ____ hav

40、e my computer if you don’t take care of it.shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t,A,8. ---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 .

41、 A. can B. should C. might D. need,B,9. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night. A. mustn’t go B. could have goneC. shouldn’t

42、 go D. shouldn’t have gone,D,10.Johnny, you ______play with the knife; you ____hurt yourself. A. won't ; can't B. mustn't ; mayC. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; wouldn't,B,11

43、.There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _____? A. didn’t they B. don’t they C. mustn’t they D. haven’t they,D,12. I missed the bus, so I _