tianjineconomic-technologicaldevelopmentarea-cities21

1、Sustainable Development of Transportation Infrastructure in Tianjin天津交通設(shè)施的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,-- Wei Zhu （祝為）Graduate Student （研究生）Transportation Engineering （交通工程系）U. C. Berkeley （加洲大學(xué)伯克利分校）,Tianjin’s Social and Economic Role

2、 in China天津在中國的社會及經(jīng)濟地位,The nominal GDP for Tianjin was 366.5 billion RMB in 2004, and per capita was 3400 USD. Tianjin gained a growth rate of 12.6%/year for the past 12 years.Major industries include: electronics, ca

3、r manufacturing, pharmaceutical, mechanical industries, and petrochemical industries.,2005 年天津的國民生產(chǎn)總值為 3665億人民幣，人均產(chǎn)值為3400美元。在過去的12年中，天津年平均增長率為12.6%。 支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)：電子信息，汽車，生化，石化，機械，紡織等。,Existing Transportation Infrastructur

4、e in Tianjin天津現(xiàn)有的交通設(shè)施,,,Roads and Expressways:? ring roads:·Inner Ring Road (neihuan)·Middle Ring Road (zhonghuan)·Outer Ring Road (waihuan)? express ways:·Jingjintang Expressway·J

5、inghu Expressway·Jingshen Expressway·Tangjin Expressway·Baojin Expressway·Jinbin Expressway·Jinji Expressway? national highways:·China National Highway 102, ·China Nati

6、onal Highway 103, ·China National Highway 104, ·China National Highway 105, ·China National Highway 112, ·China National Highway 205, Public transit:? The Tianjin bus networkTianjin MetroT

7、he LRT Binhai Line,普通及高速公路：--〉環(huán)線公路：內(nèi)環(huán)，中環(huán)，外環(huán)。--〉高速公路：京津塘、京滬、京深、唐津、寶 津、津濱、津薊。--〉國道： 102， 103， 104， 105， 112， 205。公交系統(tǒng)：--〉公共汽車網(wǎng)--〉地鐵? 塘沽輕軌線,Strong correlation between GDP and vehicles ownership國民生產(chǎn)值與汽車擁有率的

8、關(guān)聯(lián),,隨著中國國民生產(chǎn)值的迅猛發(fā)展，汽車需求量因受人均產(chǎn)值的影響將有急速的增長。,Government is Encouraging Auto Ownership 政府鼓勵私人擁有汽車,China’s 8th 5 Year Plan (1991)Declares the automobile industry a “pillar” industryChina’s 10th 5 Year Plan (2001)Goal: pr

9、oduce a Chinese family car at a price that would encourage mass consumptionEncouraging low interest auto loans,中國的第八個五年計劃將汽車工業(yè)列為支柱性工業(yè)。中國的第十個五年計劃提出：將中國家庭用車的價格降低至可以鼓勵大批量銷售。鼓勵低息汽車貸款。,Increasing vehicles ownership leads

10、 to exponential growth in highway demand汽車擁有量的持續(xù)增長導(dǎo)致公路需求量的幾何性增長,中國高速公路長度,,Measuring Transportation交通運輸?shù)脑u估,Mobility (流動性）,Accessibility (可及性）,Litman,T. Chennai: Automobility or Accessibility, 14 Mar 2006,Traffic

11、 （交通性）,Measuring Transportation(交通運輸?shù)脑u估),Litman,T. Chennai: Automobility or Accessibility, 14 Mar 2006,Vehicle-mile ? traffic (車輛-公里 ? 交通性）Passenger-mile ? mobility （乘客-公里 ? 流通性）Travel time ? access （旅行時間 ?

12、可及性）Generalized costs (time and money costs) ? access (通用價值 ? 可及性）,Impact 1: Land Use（影響之1：土地利用）,,,在甘肅省民勤縣北端的青土湖，被沙子掩埋的螺殼說明這里曾經(jīng)碧波蕩漾（３月１１日攝）。   http://www.xinhuanet.com,Impact 2: Resource Consumption（影響之2：資

13、源消費）,,Source: Natural Resources Defense Council, China’s Cities at a Crossroads: The Need for Smart Growth,Impact 2: Resource consumption – Continued （影響之2：資源消費 – 續(xù)）,,Source: Energy Information Administration, Internati

14、onal Energy Outlook 2004, Table A4, B4 and C4.,,Source: Energy Information Administration (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/archives/china/part2.html),Impact 3: Pollution（影響之3：污染）,What is Sustainable Development?（什么是可持

15、續(xù)發(fā)展呢？）,Definition: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 定義：可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指既滿足現(xiàn)代人的需求以不損害后代人滿足需求的能力。 http://news.xinhuanet.com/zil

16、iao/2002-08/21/content_533048.htm,Recommendation -- 1（建議 -- 1）,Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) implementation智能運輸系統(tǒng)的落實,,,Recommendation -- 2（建議 -- 2）,Promote Transit Oriented Development (TOD)倡議公交取向的發(fā)展 （歐洲模式

17、）,,,Recommendation -- 2（建議 -- 2）,,,,London's Victoria Station. In addition to being the place where many of the train and tube lines make connections, the station is also a tourist attraction in itself. 倫敦的維多利婭火車站

18、不僅僅是個交通樞紐，也是一個著名的旅游景點。,Recommendation – 3（建議 -- 3） Improve non-motorized transportation system 改進非機動車輛的運輸系統(tǒng),,,,Recommendation – 3（建議 -- 3）,,,Place d’Youville, Montreal, Canada,Bismarckplatz, Germany,Recommendation –

19、3（建議 -- 3）,,,Leiden, The Netherlands,Strasbourg, France,Other Recommendations(其它建議）,Popularize energy-efficient automobiles節(jié)能汽車的普及,,,Other Recommendations(其它建議）,Deploy Green Code on future transportation construction