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1、武振龍,,中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 2016-11-12 廣州,乳酸菌與動(dòng)物腸道健康,,Drissi et al., 2016,Distribution of bacteria in human gastrointestinal tract,,乳酸菌:常用的益生菌,Bacteria, Fungi, ProtozoaViruses,,Enteric microbiome,乳酸菌分布與來(lái)源,Felis and Dellaglio, 2014

2、,Plant: silageFermented foodGI tracts and organs221 Lacobacillus species,分布: 廣,The Lactobacillus species found in the GIT have received tremendous attention due to their health-promoting properties.,人腸道中的乳酸菌:<

3、1%(16S rDNA),APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Aug. 2008,,僅少數(shù)乳酸菌有益生作用(20%),動(dòng)物腸道中乳酸菌:豐富( 16S rDNA ),,,乳酸菌(Lactic acid bacteria, LAB): 腸道中重要益生菌,我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部2013年公布可使用的微生物34個(gè), 11個(gè)是乳酸菌,1950年,F(xiàn)DA首次批準(zhǔn)抗生素用作飼料添加劑; 瑞典:1986年首先提出來(lái)

4、禁止飼料中添加抗生素; 丹麥:2000年起抗生素在獸醫(yī)監(jiān)督下使用歐盟:2006年全面禁止抗生素作為飼料添加劑美國(guó):FDA從2014年起用3年時(shí)間禁止使用抗生素中國(guó):2015年底在停用4種喹諾酮類(洛美、培氟、氧氟、諾氟沙星) 2016年11月停止硫酸黏桿菌素的飼料添加劑 2013年我國(guó)抗生素使用量為16.2萬(wàn)噸,52%為動(dòng)物用,抗生素在畜牧生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用:,抗生素不規(guī)范使用帶來(lái)食品安全

5、、耐藥細(xì)菌出現(xiàn),禁止添加,促生長(zhǎng),Probiotics:lactic acid bacillusPrebioticsEnzymesNatural productsEssential oilsImmunostimulants Organic acids,Non therapeutic alternatives,J. Agric. Food Chem. 2014, 62, 860?866,(一)提高豬的生長(zhǎng)性能:哺乳仔豬,,,(

6、一)提高豬的生長(zhǎng)性能:腸絨毛發(fā)育,乳酸菌提高豬的生長(zhǎng)性能:斷奶仔豬,Kang DK, J Microbio (2016),Table 1 Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 supplementation on growth performance of weaning,(一)提高豬的生長(zhǎng)性能:采食量,,,處理組:乳酸菌(好實(shí)沃豬用沃順100),有效活菌數(shù)≥1.0

7、5;1010 CFU/g,乳酸菌提高豬的生長(zhǎng)性能:生長(zhǎng)豬,,,(一)提高豬的生長(zhǎng)性能:減少腹瀉發(fā)生,改善蛋品質(zhì)、降低氨濃度,處理組:乳酸菌(好實(shí)沃禽用沃順100),有效活菌數(shù)≥1.0×1010 CFU/g,108/kg feed,(二)改善腸屏障功能,營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)吸收和利用防止腸腔中有害物質(zhì)引起損傷,選擇通透性,(二)改善腸屏障功能:粘蛋白的表達(dá),乳酸菌,粘蛋白,?,Chadee K. Am J Physiol Gastroi

8、ntest Liver Physiol (2007),Anderson et al., 2010,(二)改善腸屏障功能:降低通透性,Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG prevents H2O2-induced disruption of tight junction protein in Caco-2 cell monolayers,Rao and Samak, 2013,Yang et al. BMC Microb

9、iology (2015) 15:32,Lactobacillus modulates tight junction protein expression in newborn piglets,(三)維持內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài):抗氧化功能,Intestinal balance between oxidative stress and redox,(三)維持內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài):抗氧化功能,Free radical scavenging activity of

10、 peptides in the soluble from skim milk proteins fermented by selected Lactobacillus,Elfahri et al., 2016,Int J Prev Med 2016;7:102,Lactobacillus fermentum Suo Attenuates HCl/Ethanol Induced Gastric Injury in Mice throu

11、gh Its Antioxidant Effects,Suo et al., 2016,(三)內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài):促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖,C,D,The EMBO Journal (2013) 32, 3017-3028,(四)免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用,Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum B1 on secreted IgA(sIgA) concentration in ileal mucosa,Pe

12、ng et al., 2016,(四)免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用:sIgA分泌,L. plantarum TN8 mitigates the histological damage in distal colon of rats induced with TNBS colitis.,Trabelsi et al., 2016,(四)免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用:緩解炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),(四)免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用:細(xì)胞因子表達(dá),Ferreira Dos Santos et al.,

13、 2016,LGG:positive controlZJ615:Low adhesive strain of LactobacillusZJ617:high adhesive strain of Lactobacillus,Anaerobe 22, 97–103 (2013),Inflammatory cytokines,ZJ615(Low adhesive LB),ZJ617(High adhesive LB),Ga

14、o K, et al, Scientific Reports 6,28332,免疫調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)理,Figure 3. Effect of various treatments on the gastrointestinal (GI) transit in the mouse model of activated carbon-induced constipation (n=10 per group),Exp Ther Med 201

15、5 Jan;9(1):272-278.,(五)改善胃腸道蠕動(dòng),減少便秘發(fā)生,Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on chronic-alcohol-induced liver steatosis,Zhang et al., 2015,(六)調(diào)節(jié)糖脂代謝,Lactobacillus plantarum FH185 reduced adipocyte size of the epididymal fat

16、pads in mice with diet-induced obesity,A. Normal diet; B. High fat diet; C. High fat diet + ABT-3; D. High fat diet + L. plantarum,Park et al., 2015,Lactobacillus ameliorates fructose-induced hepatic fatty acid accumu

17、lation,Yvonne Ritze et al., 2014,Effect of Lactobacillus GG on the severity of alcoholic steatohepatitis assessed by the total liver histology, liver necroinflammation scores, liver fat content and liver MPO level,Forsyt

18、h et al., 2009,Yvonne Ritze et al., 2014,Mechanisms of action of probiotics in the GI tract,Nutritional benefitsContribute to the degradation of undigestable foodsBlock the effects of pathogenic bacteriaReduce pathoge

19、n bindingDecrease luminal pHProduce antibacterial bacteriocinsRegulate epithelial cell homeostasisEnhanced barrier functionPromote cytoprotective responsesImprove cell survivalIncrease mucin productionModulate in

20、testinal immune functionReduce pro-inflammatory cytokinesPromote the secretion of IgA,優(yōu)良乳酸菌株的選育,產(chǎn)酸力:pH3.8~4.0, 乳酸含量150-250mmol/L菌活性:胃腸停留時(shí)間,膽鹽強(qiáng)度及水解活性益生作用:抑菌、益生、生長(zhǎng)性能、腸道穩(wěn)態(tài)安全性評(píng)估:GRAS 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基因工程手段:,飼料加工工藝改進(jìn):有效活菌數(shù),凍干保護(hù)劑:

21、糖、氨基酸低溫噴霧干燥:多糖與蛋白質(zhì)復(fù)配微膠囊包埋技術(shù)減少飼料加工、儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸對(duì)乳酸菌活性的影響:可耐受高溫制粒、常溫貯存(好實(shí)沃),減少飼料加工、儲(chǔ)存、運(yùn)輸對(duì)乳酸菌活性的影響,乳酸菌黏附及作用機(jī)理,Kang DK, J Microbio (2016),Acknowledgements:,Funding support:,National Basic Research Program of China,Laboratory o

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