外文翻譯---大屏幕顯示系統(tǒng)的研究

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p><b>　?。ㄒ唬┩馕馁Y料原文</b></p><p>　　Large-screen display system's research</p><p>　　------- Ja now R H. Large-screen display system:

2、 U.S. Patent 5,394,198[P]. 1995-2-28.</p><p>　　Led development</p><p>　　along with computer technology's high speed development, LED (Light Emitting Diode) the screen display system takes af

3、ter the television, the broadcast, the newspaper, the magazine “the fifth big media” marches into the social life fast each aspect. Its collection microelectronic technology, the computer technology, the information proc

4、essing and management technology in a body, may the information through the writing, the design, the animation and the video frequency four forms demonstrates. Wi</p><p>　　LED display monitor's classific

5、ation</p><p>　　LED display monitor's classified LED display monitor is many kinds of technical synthesis application product, involves photoelectronics, the semiconductor device, the digit electronic cir

6、cuit, the large scale integrated circuit, the monolithic integrated circuit and the microcomputer and so on each aspect, both has the hardware and to have software . After the LED display monitor is takes the broadcast,

7、the television, the newspaper, the magazine another new communication media. At present the </p><p>　　LED display monitor's trend of development</p><p>　　At present the LED display monitor&#

8、39;s demonstration to the high luminance, a higher weather fastness, the higher illumination uniformity, a higher reliability, the panchromatic, the multimedia directions develops, system's movement, the operation an

9、d the maintenance also to the integration, the network, the intellectualized direction develop. The 21st century's display technology will be the panel display time, the LED display monitor takes one of panel display

10、 leadership products to have a bigge</p><p>　　1. since the high luminance, entire color blue color and the green superelevation brightness LED product has appeared, the cost reduces fast year by year, causes

11、 the LED entire colored display monitor product cost to drop, the promoted speed speeds up. At the same time, along with control technology's development and the LED display monitor body stable enhancement, the entir

12、e colored LED display monitor's brightness, the color, white balanced achieves the quite ideal effect, definitely may satis</p><p>　　2. after standardization, standardized material, technology mature and

13、 market price basic balanced, the LED display monitor's standardization and the standardization will become a tendency which the LED display monitor develops. In recent years industry in development, after several pr

14、ice recedes the adjustment achieves basically balanced, the product quality, the system reliable and so on will become the main competition factor, this had the high request to the LED display monitor's standardiza&l

15、t;/p><p>　　3. the product mix diversification along with the information society's formation, the information field is even more widespread, the LED display monitor's application prospect is broader. It

16、 is estimated that large-scale or the ultra-large LED display monitor will have the change for the mainstream product's aspect, will suit can have in the service industry characteristic and the specialized request sm

17、all LED display monitor enhances greatly, will be richer face the information service domain'</p><p>　　Involves the mentality and the principle of work</p><p>　　This system basis classics

18、9; circuit design mentality, uses the design method from bottom to top, from the display panel to the actuation board, arrives at the control panel again, carries on the hardware programming, after debugging successfully

19、, receives a telegram the source plate, finally completes the data transmission board and PC machine connects, carries on the PC software programming, completes the demonstration data the production, the extraction, proc

20、essing, the transmission as well as</p><p>　　Principle of work this article designs the large-scale LED display monitor becomes by the double primary color lattice LED combination, uses the line-by-line scan

21、ning the display mode to demonstrate red, green, the yellow three kind of color random lattice information. The display module uses the line-by-line scanning demonstration the way, its control system take monolithic inte

22、grated circuit AT89C52 as a core, uses 62256 memories to take the data-carrier storage, actuates 8*8 using latch 74HC3</p><p>　　Shines the second-level tube characteristic</p><p>　　The light emi

23、tter diode (light emitting diode, LED), is one kind turns the electrical energy the energy of light the special component, when the electric current achieves the threshold current, the light emitter diode breakover, alon

24、g with electric current passing, produces the visible light. Light emitter diode's structure mainly ties the chip, the electrode and the optical system constitution by PN. After PN ties performs the direct voltage, P

25、 area's hole injection to the N area, N area's elec</p><p>　　LED component's actuation</p><p>　　May know from the LED component's illumination mechanism, when exerts the direct v

26、oltage to the LED component, winds through component's forward current to cause its illumination. Therefore the LED actuation is must make its PN knot to be in the forward bias, simultaneously to control its luminous

27、 intensity, but must solve the forward current adjustment problem. The concrete drive type has [9] and so on direct-current actuation, constant flow actuation, pulse actuation and scanning actuation, in</p><p&

28、gt;　　1. direct-current actuation. The direct-current actuation is the simple the actuation method. The LED operating point by supply voltage VCC, series resistance R and a LED component's voltage-current characterist

29、ic decided together. This drive type suits in the LED component are few, luminous intensity constant situation. For example on the public transportation uses uses for to demonstrate the °XX road fixedly” the inscrip

30、tion display monitor.</p><p>　　2. constant flow actuation. Is steep as a result of the LED component's forward characteristic, in addition component's dispersivity, causes in same the supply voltage

31、and in the same limiting resistor's situation, the various components' forward current is not same, thus causes the luminous intensity difference. If carries on the constant flow actuation to the LED component, s

32、o long as the constant flow value is the same, the luminous intensity is quite close. Transistor's input level has the c</p><p>　　3. pulse actuation. Using the human eye eye persistence, uses to the LED

33、component repeatedly passes the power failure the way to cause it ignition, is the pulse drive type. The pulse actuation mainly has two aspect applications: Scanning actuation and dutyfactor actuation. The scanning actua

34、tion's main purpose is saves the driver, the simplified circuit. Selects when this method should pay attention to two questions: Acknowledging pulse electric current peak- to-peak value and choice recurrence</p>

35、;<p>　　4. scanning actuation. The scanning actuation through the digital logic electric circuit, causes certain LED component in turn breakover, with saves the control driving circuit. The LED display monitor will

36、 shine the lamp according to the line according to a row arrangement, when the actuation also presses the line according to a row actuation. Under the scanning drive type may according to the line scan, according to a ro

37、w control; May also according to a row scanning, according to a line of co</p><p><b>　?。ǘ┩馕馁Y料譯文</b></p><p>　　大屏幕顯示系統(tǒng)的研究</p><p><b>　　LED的發(fā)展</b></p>&l

38、t;p>　　隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展，LED屏幕顯示系統(tǒng)作為繼電視、廣播、報紙、雜志之后的“第五大媒體”正快速步入社會生活的各個方面。它集微電子技術(shù)、計算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息處理技術(shù)于一體，可以將信息通過文字、圖案、動畫及視頻四種形式顯示出來。與電視墻、磁翻板等媒體相比，LED大屏幕顯示系統(tǒng)具有圖案美觀、色彩亮麗；圖案、色彩變化豐富、快速；低功耗、長壽命、使用成本低、工作穩(wěn)定可靠等特點。它顯示的圖文視角大、視距遠(yuǎn)，因而已廣泛應(yīng)用于大型廣場

39、、商業(yè)廣告、體育場館、信息傳播、新聞發(fā)布、證券交易；它還應(yīng)用于工業(yè)控制和工業(yè)調(diào)動系統(tǒng)，便于把各種參數(shù)、報警點、工藝流程顯示得更加清晰完美，可以滿足不同環(huán)境的需要。LED顯示屏是一種利用計算機(jī)和復(fù)雜數(shù)字信號處理的電子廣告宣傳屏。它的屏體部分由微處理器（主要是單片機(jī)）和驅(qū)動電路控制運行，顯示的圖像或文字由計算機(jī)編輯軟件編輯獲得。由于LED顯示屏這種新一代信息顯示設(shè)備具有顯示圖案穩(wěn)定、功耗低、壽命長等特點，而且它綜合了各種信息顯示設(shè)備的長處，

40、并且克服了自身的不足，特別是由于一幅顯示屏可以顯示不同的內(nèi)容，顯示方式豐富。所以在公共場合，它具有強烈的廣告宣傳和信息傳遞效果，已日趨在固</p><p>　　LED顯示屏的分類 </p><p>　　LED顯示屏是多種技術(shù)綜合應(yīng)用的產(chǎn)品，涉及光電子學(xué)、半導(dǎo)體器件、數(shù)字電子電路、大規(guī)模集成電路、單片機(jī)及微機(jī)等各個方面，既有硬件又有軟件[4]。LED顯示屏是作為廣播、電視、報紙、雜志之后

41、的又一新傳播媒體。目前LED顯示屏根據(jù)使用場所不同，可以分為室外屏和室內(nèi)屏兩種，其主要區(qū)別是發(fā)光管的發(fā)光亮度不同。而根據(jù)所顯示的內(nèi)容不同也可以分為圖像屏和文字屏兩種，圖像屏可以顯示圖像以及多媒體，而文字屏則主要顯示文字或簡單的固定圖像。顯示圖像的多媒體室外屏是投資巨大(高達(dá)數(shù)百萬)的大型高檔設(shè)備，主要應(yīng)用在大型公共場所、形象工程和一些重要場所。LED顯示屏的應(yīng)用涉及到社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的許多領(lǐng)域，已經(jīng)遍及交通、證券、電信、廣告、宣傳等各個方面。&

42、lt;/p><p>　　LED顯示屏的發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　目前LED顯示屏的顯示向更高亮度、更高耐氣候性、更高的發(fā)光均勻性、更高的可靠性、全色化、多媒體方向發(fā)展，系統(tǒng)的運行、操作與維護(hù)也向集成化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化方向發(fā)展。二十一世紀(jì)的顯示技術(shù)將是平板顯示的時代，LED顯示屏作為平板顯示的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品之一將有更大的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　1．高亮度、全彩化藍(lán)色及綠

43、色超高亮度LED產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)以來，成本逐年快速降低，使LED全彩色顯示屏產(chǎn)品成本下降，推廣速度加快。同時，隨著控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展和LED顯示屏體穩(wěn)定性的提高，全彩色LED顯示屏的亮度、色彩、白平衡均達(dá)到比較理想的效果，完全可以滿足戶外全天候的環(huán)境條件要求，而且圖像更清晰、更細(xì)膩、更亮麗。2．標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化材料、技術(shù)的成熟及市場價格基本均衡之后，LED顯示屏的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和規(guī)范化將成為LED顯示屏發(fā)展的一個趨勢。近幾年業(yè)內(nèi)的發(fā)展中，幾番價格回落調(diào)整達(dá)到

44、基本均衡后，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、系統(tǒng)的可靠性等將成為主要的競爭因素，這就對LED顯示屏的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和規(guī)范化有了較高的要求。行業(yè)規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系的形成，IS09000系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的應(yīng)用，使LED顯示屏行業(yè)的發(fā)展趨于有序。</p><p>　　3．產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)多樣化隨著信息化社會的形成，信息領(lǐng)域愈加廣泛，LED顯示屏的應(yīng)用前景更為廣闊。預(yù)計大型或超大型LED顯示屏為主流產(chǎn)品的局面將會發(fā)生改變，適合于服務(wù)行業(yè)特點和專業(yè)性要求的小型LED顯示屏

45、會有較大提高，面向信息服務(wù)領(lǐng)域的LED顯示屏產(chǎn)品門類和品種體系將更加豐富，部分潛在市場需求和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域?qū)兴黄?，如公共交通、停車場、餐飲、醫(yī)院等綜合服務(wù)方面的信息顯示屏需求量將有更大的提高。</p><p>　　涉及思路及工作原理</p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)根據(jù)經(jīng)典的電路設(shè)計思路，采用自下而上的設(shè)計方法，從顯示板到驅(qū)動板，再到控制板，進(jìn)行硬件編程，調(diào)試成功后接電源板，最后完成數(shù)據(jù)傳輸板

46、與PC機(jī)相連接，進(jìn)行PC軟件編程，完成顯示數(shù)據(jù)的生成、提取、處理、傳輸以及顯示效果的實時控制。每個模塊采用8個LED點陣以行掃描形式點亮各行的紅、綠、紅綠燈，顯示文字和圖像。LED點陣的驅(qū)動、譯碼、鎖存等由控制板的數(shù)字電路負(fù)責(zé)。其數(shù)據(jù)由單片機(jī)從存儲器中讀取，同時單片機(jī)采用中斷方式，通過RS-232數(shù)據(jù)線與PC機(jī)進(jìn)行雙向通信，從PC機(jī)獲取命令或數(shù)據(jù)，并按命令執(zhí)行動作或者存儲數(shù)據(jù)。而PC機(jī)不但與多個單片機(jī)進(jìn)行多機(jī)串口通信，還要負(fù)責(zé)文字錄入和

47、排版，生成點陣數(shù)據(jù)或者命令字，實現(xiàn)人機(jī)交互功能。</p><p>　　工作原理本文設(shè)計的大型LED顯示屏由雙基色點陣LED組合而成，采用逐行掃描的顯示方式顯示紅、綠、黃三種顏色的任意點陣信息。顯示模塊采用逐行掃描顯示的方式，其控制系統(tǒng)以單片機(jī)AT89C52為核心，采用62256存儲器作為數(shù)據(jù)存儲器，利用鎖存器74HC377和8組線驅(qū)動器2083A驅(qū)動8*8的LED顯示模塊，同時開放串口中斷與上位PC機(jī)進(jìn)行多機(jī)通信

48、。通過對單片機(jī)編程實現(xiàn)顯示屏的多種動畫模式顯示：向左滾屏，向右滾屏，向上滾屏，向下滾屏，向左上滾屏，向右上滾屏，向左拉幕，向右拉幕，向上拉幕，向下拉幕，向右移，從左向右、依次點亮，從中間到兩邊、依次點亮。動畫速度可調(diào)：分為100檔，最低為1速，最高為100速。圖案顏色多樣：背景無色、文字紅/綠/黃色，背景紅色、文字無/黃/綠色，背景綠色、文字無/黃/紅色，背景黃色，文字無/紅/綠色。另外，還增加了幾十種霓虹燈效果動畫。PC機(jī)上的顯示控制

49、軟件可以實現(xiàn)漢字錄入、字體選擇、字號更改等功能，并且在進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理后，可以在左側(cè)模擬演示整體效果，同時“所見即所得”的顯示在下方預(yù)覽區(qū)域。另外，該控制軟件還具有文本選定、鼠標(biāo)定位、坐標(biāo)追蹤、時間日期等附加功能。PC</p><p><b>　　發(fā)光二級管特性</b></p><p>　　發(fā)光二極管(light emitting diode,LED)，是一種把電能變成光

50、能的特種器件，當(dāng)電流達(dá)到門限電流時，發(fā)光二極管導(dǎo)通，隨著電流的通過，產(chǎn)生可見光。發(fā)光二極管的結(jié)構(gòu)主要由PN結(jié)芯片、電極和光學(xué)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成。當(dāng)在PN結(jié)上加以正向電壓之后，P區(qū)的空穴注入至N區(qū)，N區(qū)的電子注入至P區(qū)，相互注入的電子與空穴相遇后即產(chǎn)生復(fù)合，這些少數(shù)載流子在PN結(jié)的注入和復(fù)合中產(chǎn)生輻射而發(fā)光。它是自發(fā)輻射發(fā)光，不需要較高的注入電流產(chǎn)生粒子數(shù)反轉(zhuǎn)分布，也不需要光學(xué)諧振腔，發(fā)射的是非相干光。描述LED的特性有許多參數(shù)，這些參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系

51、呈現(xiàn)非線性。因此，用特性曲線來描述這些關(guān)系，在工程應(yīng)用中更具有使用價值。</p><p><b>　　LED器件的驅(qū)動</b></p><p>　　從LED器件的發(fā)光機(jī)理可以知道，當(dāng)向LED器件施加正向電壓時，流過器件的正向電流使其發(fā)光。因此LED的驅(qū)動就是要使它的PN結(jié)處于正向偏置，同時為了控制它的發(fā)光強度，還要解決正向電流的調(diào)節(jié)問題。具體的驅(qū)動方式有直流驅(qū)動、恒流

52、驅(qū)動、脈沖驅(qū)動和掃描驅(qū)動等[9]，本系統(tǒng)中LED器件的驅(qū)動為掃描驅(qū)動。</p><p>　　1．直流驅(qū)動。直流驅(qū)動是最簡單的驅(qū)動方法。LED的工作點由電源電壓VCC，串聯(lián)電阻R和LED器件的伏安特性共同決定。這種驅(qū)動方式適合于LED器件較少，發(fā)光強度恒定的情況。例如公交車上使用的用來固定顯示¡°XX路”字樣的顯示屏。</p><p>　　2．恒流驅(qū)動。由于LED器件的正

53、向特性較陡，加上器件的分散性，使得在同樣</p><p>　　電源電壓和同樣限流電阻的情況下，各器件的正向電流并不相同，從而引起發(fā)光強度的差異。若對LED器件進(jìn)行恒流驅(qū)動，只要恒流值相同，發(fā)光強度就比較接近。晶體管的輸出特性具有恒流特性，所以可以用晶體管驅(qū)動LED。</p><p>　　3．脈沖驅(qū)動。利用人眼的視覺惰性，采用向LED器件重復(fù)通斷電的方式使之點燃，就是脈沖驅(qū)動方式。脈沖驅(qū)動主

54、要有兩個方面的應(yīng)用：掃描驅(qū)動和占空比驅(qū)動。掃描驅(qū)動的主要目的是節(jié)約驅(qū)動器，簡化電路。采用這種方式時應(yīng)該注意兩個問題:確定脈沖電流幅值和選擇重復(fù)頻率。首先，要想獲得與直流驅(qū)動方式相當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)光強度，脈沖驅(qū)動電流的平均值aI就應(yīng)該與直流驅(qū)動的電流值oI相同。</p><p>　　4．掃描驅(qū)動。掃描驅(qū)動通過數(shù)字邏輯電路，使若干LED器件輪流導(dǎo)通，用以節(jié)省控制驅(qū)動電路。LED顯示屏將發(fā)光燈按行按列布置，驅(qū)動時也按行按列驅(qū)動。