戶籍制度簡(jiǎn)介【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：GuestEdit’sIntroductionZhangtingtingTheHouseholdRegistrationSystem(hukou)wasapivotalinstitutionofpoliticalsocialcontrolinMaoistChina.Fmethantwentyyearspeopleunderthissystemhadnofreedomtorelocate.Rural

2、urbanmigrationwasparticularlysanctioned.Thoughunintendedtheincursionofeconomicrefminthelate1970ssetinmotionachainofconsequencesthatbegantheerosionofthehukousystem.ThisissueofChineseLawGovernmentpresentstranslationsofheed

3、governmentregulationsdirectivescircularsregardingtheadministrationofthehukousystembefeaftertherefm.PartIcontainstheofficialdefinitionsofthehukourelatedconceptsaswellasanofficialexplanationoftheregistrationprocedures.Part

4、IIincludestworegulationsthatpresentamacropictureoftheframewkofhukouregistrationbefetherefm:“RegistrationofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonResidenceRegistration”of1958the“CircularConcerningtheInstitutionsofResidenceRegistrati

5、onTransferProceduresfTransferedCadresWkers.”PartIIIintroducesnewregulationscreatedtocopewiththeincreasingpopulationmobilitysincetherefmincluding“RegulationsonResidenceIdentityCardsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina”“Regulation

6、sonApplicationsfTemparyResidenceCards”“RegulationsonPublicSecurityManagementoverRentedLeasedHousing”tonameafew.Theseregulationsshedlightonthechangesthathaveoccurredinthehukousystemitsfuture.Tousherinthemainbodyofthisissu

7、eIshallbrieflyexamineinthisintroductionthefollowingquestions:HowdidthehukousystemcomeintobeingHowwasitenfcedduringtheMaoisteraWhatpoliticalsocialeconomicfcesbroughtaboutthechangesinthehukousystemwhatisthefutureoftheThepr

8、ocesswasusuallyextremelydifficult.EnfcingtheHukouSystemFromitsinceptionitwasapparentthatthehukousystemcouldnotfunctiononitsown.Toassistthehukousystemincontrollingpopulationmobilitycollectivefarmswereestablishedthroughout

9、China.Thesefarmswerebestowedwithgovernmentadministrativefunctions.Whiletheunitofthehukouregistrationwasthehouseholdincitiestownsitwasthevillageinthecountryside.Villagecollectivesmaintainedasingleregisterwiththenamesofall

10、householdsindividuals.Peasantswererequiredtorepttothecollectivesfdailywk.Ifapeasantneededtotravelhewasrequiredtoseekpermissionfromhisvillagetoleave.Ifgrantedhewouldreceivealetterofintroductionfromthevillagewhichwouldserv

11、easanidentificationcardduringhistrip.3Collectivizationofthefarmsectwascompletedin1956.Coupledwiththehukousystemthisassuredahighdegreeofstatecontrolovertheruralpopulace.Meanwhileafmalurbanrationingsystemwasinstitutedin195

12、3.Staterationedproductscoveredalmostallfoodstuffsotherconsumergoodsfromclothtobicycles.Topurchasethestateownedproductspeoplewererequiredtopresentrationcouponsinadditiontotherequiredpayment.Theallocationoffoodrationsother

13、consumergoodsaswellassocialservicesweredirectlylinkedtohouseholdregistration.Rationcouponsweregivenoutonlytoregisteredurbanresidents.Stateownedwkunits(danwei)wereingeofdistributingrationcoupons.Inadditionadanweialsoprovi

14、dedhousingchildren’seducationhealthcaretransptationmovietheatersevenrestaurantstoitsemployees.Fewfromthecountrysidewereabletoearnalivinginurbancenterswithoutanofficialjobassignment.Thankstorationingthedanweisystemurbanre

15、sidentsonaverageenjoyedafarbetterstardoflivingthanruralresidents.CouldpeasantsliveincitieswithouturbanregistrationbefetheeconomicrefmAlthoughtravelwasoccasionallyrestricteditwasnotthemainobstacleprohibitingspontaneousmig