會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文

1、中小企業(yè)應(yīng)收賬款管理的問題與對(duì)策摘 要 應(yīng)收賬款是企業(yè)因?yàn)殇N售商品、產(chǎn)品、提供勞務(wù)而應(yīng)向購貨單位或者接受勞務(wù)的單位收取的款項(xiàng)，是企業(yè)資產(chǎn)的重要組成部分，是企業(yè)擴(kuò)大或保持市場(chǎng)份額、爭(zhēng)取競(jìng)爭(zhēng)主動(dòng)性的有力措施。隨著現(xiàn)代企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的加劇，應(yīng)收賬款對(duì)企業(yè)尤其是中小企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。如果應(yīng)收賬款不能及時(shí)回收，資金不能回籠，營運(yùn)資金不夠周轉(zhuǎn)，企業(yè)正常經(jīng)營就會(huì)受到影響。本文總結(jié)中小企業(yè)應(yīng)收賬款產(chǎn)生的原因，分析企業(yè)應(yīng)收賬款的問題和對(duì)企業(yè)的危害，

2、提出了應(yīng)收賬款管理的目標(biāo)以及實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的一些措施和方法，以期能對(duì)中小企業(yè)管理者有所啟示，從而促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)更快更好的發(fā)展。關(guān)鍵詞 中小企業(yè)；問題；對(duì)策Accounts Receivable Management and Strategyof Medium and EnterprisesAbstract The account receivable is the amount of money which should take tow

3、ard the unit of the purchase commodity unit or the accept service because sale an article, product, or provided service . It is the important component of enterprise assets and is the emollient measure for business to ex

4、pands or keeps market share and fight for competing active. Because the modern business rival turns worse, the accounts receivable is important to the existence and development of enterprise , particularly to medium and

5、small enterprises. If the accounts receivable cannot recall in time, the capital will not return , and the working capital isn't enough to turn over , as a result of it the business normal conducts will be subjected

6、to impact. This text tallies up the reason of accounts receivable of medium and small enterprises creation, analyses the present condition of progress to medium and small enterprises and the harm to enterprises, propos

7、es the object of accounts receivable management and some measures and methods to promote by wishing have apocalypse to medium and small enterprises and they will develop sooner and better.Keywords medium and small ente

8、rprises；accounts receivable；problem；method失去了與領(lǐng)頭羊企業(yè)抗衡的能力，導(dǎo)致其市場(chǎng)份額越來越小，而其生產(chǎn)能力卻大于其所擁有的市場(chǎng)份額，這樣勢(shì)必引發(fā)產(chǎn)品積壓[4]。為了解決積壓?jiǎn)栴}，降低存貨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和管理開支，企業(yè)在銷售過程中又不得不做出讓步，如產(chǎn)品試用期加長，貨款交納時(shí)間延長等，使得企業(yè)的應(yīng)收賬款數(shù)量增加，回款的速度放緩，進(jìn)一步增加企業(yè)了負(fù)擔(dān)。1.3 銷售和收款的時(shí)間差企業(yè)產(chǎn)品銷售的時(shí)間和收款時(shí)間

9、經(jīng)常不一致，導(dǎo)致應(yīng)收賬款產(chǎn)生，這是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的貨款結(jié)算需要時(shí)間，而且結(jié)算時(shí)間越落后，需要的結(jié)算時(shí)間就越長[5]。而這樣發(fā)生的應(yīng)收賬款不是由于交易雙方根據(jù)信用協(xié)議規(guī)定而發(fā)生的，這是真正的應(yīng)收賬款[6]，由于它是因結(jié)算過程的時(shí)間差所引起的，不應(yīng)稱為商業(yè)信用。1.4 傳遞有用信息公司愿意向客戶賒銷貨物，就等于是一份質(zhì)量保證書，作為產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的正面信號(hào)傳遞給外界。實(shí)際情況中，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量合格，客戶會(huì)按期付款；若質(zhì)量不合格，就會(huì)拒絕付款甚至退貨

10、。這與附贈(zèng)一份質(zhì)量保證書相比，省卻了發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問題卻又退款的麻煩。2 應(yīng)收賬款管理中存在的問題以及應(yīng)收賬款過多對(duì)企業(yè)的危害2.1 在賒銷前存在的問題中小企業(yè)由于剛剛起步，為了擴(kuò)大銷售，打開市場(chǎng)，會(huì)采用賒銷的方式與客戶開展商業(yè)往來，其中也包括折扣問題，例如商業(yè)折扣、現(xiàn)金折扣問題。商業(yè)折扣是一種折價(jià)銷售，現(xiàn)金折扣是為了鼓勵(lì)客戶提早付款而采取的一種收款政策，這都是企業(yè)在利用商業(yè)信用開展商業(yè)往來[7]。但是企業(yè)在確定客戶時(shí)，往往存在著一定程度