國(guó)際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)英文版第二版課后習(xí)題答案

1、Chapter 2 International Trade Terms1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10I. Multiple choices B C A C C D A B C DII. True or false statements T T F F T F F F F TIII. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a c

2、ontract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer doe

3、s not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicate

4、s that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Shor

5、t questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to t

6、he buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods

7、at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and

8、 pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of ri

9、sks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract

10、 terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for t

11、he major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway

12、transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goo

13、ds are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of

14、 loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.析：本題的關(guān)鍵疑問在于買方明知貨物已全部損失，不可能再收到貨物，是否還應(yīng)支付貨款。這是考察對(duì)“symbolic delivery”這個(gè)概念的理解。在 CIF 術(shù)語(yǔ)下，賣方交貨時(shí)買方并沒有真正

15、收到貨物，賣方的交貨是通過貨交承運(yùn)人并獲得相關(guān)單據(jù)(尤其是物權(quán)憑證)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。而相應(yīng)的，買方必須接受交貨，也就是買方必須接受賣方提供的相應(yīng)單據(jù)并履行相關(guān)支付的義務(wù)。(1)答案：Yes．答題切入點(diǎn)：1)賣方履行其義務(wù)的情況；2)CIF 術(shù)語(yǔ)對(duì)雙方交貨、領(lǐng)受貨物的規(guī)定；3)解釋“symbolic delivery”在這里的應(yīng)用。(2)答案：The buyer．答題切入點(diǎn)：CIF 術(shù)語(yǔ)下風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移的情況。由于本章主要討論貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用，關(guān)注的主

16、要是買、賣雙方。如果答案是保險(xiǎn)公司，則要求說(shuō)明損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)首先是由買方承擔(dān)的，在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)屬于保險(xiǎn)公司承保范圍內(nèi)的情況下，保險(xiǎn)公司會(huì)對(duì)買方進(jìn)行部分或全部的賠償。4. A Shanghai company signed a CIF contract to sell Christmas goods to a British company. The USD1 million contract stipulated, “The seller guar

17、antees that the goods arrive at the port of destination by December 1, 2010. If the carriage is late, the buyer can cancel the purchase, and get the refund for the payment. “ So the shipment was made. Unfortunately, due

18、 to mechanical problems, the vessel arrived at the destination a few hours late. The buyer refused to accept the goods. As a result, the goods had to be sold on the spot, and the seller lost USD700 000. Comment on this c

19、ase.析：賣方受損的原因是貨物達(dá)到目的港的時(shí)間晚于合同規(guī)定的時(shí)間，因此買方拒收貨物。從表面上看，似乎問題就是出在賣方違約上，但如果仔細(xì)分析就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，該合同本身的內(nèi)容就存在自相矛盾的問題。合同用的是 CIF 術(shù)語(yǔ)，賣方在貨裝上船時(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就轉(zhuǎn)移。賣方既不承擔(dān)運(yùn)輸途中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也不保證貨物是否能抵達(dá)目的港。CIF 合同本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)“shipment contract” 。但加上一條保證到岸時(shí)間的條款后，合同的性質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化：它變成了一個(gè)“arr

20、ival contract” 。也就是說(shuō)，在貨物按時(shí)抵達(dá)目的港之前的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都由賣方承擔(dān)，否則賣方就是違約。答題切入點(diǎn)：1)CIF 術(shù)語(yǔ)對(duì)雙方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及義務(wù)的劃分，點(diǎn)出“shipment contract”這一概念；2)解釋“arrival date”clause 對(duì)合同性質(zhì)的改變。5. A Chinese company finalized a transaction with a German company under CIF p

21、rice and L/C payment. Both sales contract and L/C received stipulated that transshipment was not allowed. The Chinese company made the shipment on a direct vessel within the validity period of the L/C and negotiated the

22、payment with a direct Bill of Lading successfully. After departing from the Chinese port, in order to take another shipment, the shipping company unloaded the goods from the original vessel and reloaded them onto another

23、. Due to the delay and the poor condition of the second vessel, the goods arrived 2 months later than the expected time. The German company suffered and claimed compensation from the Chinese company with the reason that

24、the Chinese side cheated them with a direct B/L. The Chinese company believed that since they signed the contract under a “到岸價(jià)“ and they booked the shipping company, they would be responsible for what happened. As a resu

25、lt the Chinese side compensated. Comment on this case.析：1)賣方按照合同規(guī)定履行了各項(xiàng)義務(wù)，造成貨物到港延誤的原因是船公司擅自改變運(yùn)輸安排，賣方對(duì)此并不知情。2)賣方把 CIF 理解成“到岸價(jià)格”存在錯(cuò)誤，混淆了承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與承擔(dān)費(fèi)用的區(qū)別。如果把 CIF 理解成“到岸價(jià)格” ，那么 CIF 就變成了一個(gè)到岸合同術(shù)語(yǔ)(arrival contract term)了，而實(shí)際上它應(yīng)該是個(gè)裝

26、運(yùn)合同術(shù)語(yǔ)(shipment contract term)。3)因此，賣方在此情況下不應(yīng)進(jìn)行賠償，而是應(yīng)該協(xié)助買方向船方進(jìn)行索賠。答題切入點(diǎn)：1)分析買方受損的真正原因及責(zé)任方：2)解釋賣方錯(cuò)誤賠償?shù)脑颍?)給出本案例正確的處理方法，尤其是賣方應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)買方的要求。Chapter 3 Export Price 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10I. Multiple choices B D D A C D A B D BI