巴克萊《海勒斯與菲羅諾斯之間的三篇對(duì)話》

1、[編者按：這里呈現(xiàn)的對(duì)話是巴克萊（George Berkeley）（舊譯貝克萊或柏克 萊）的代表作之一，也是西方哲學(xué)史上的經(jīng)典之一，英文原名為 Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous（《海拉斯和斐洛諾斯的三篇對(duì)話》）， 由關(guān)文運(yùn)譯為中文，1935 年 9 月由上海商務(wù)印書館出版，中文書名為《柏克萊 哲學(xué)對(duì)話三篇》（引用時(shí)請(qǐng)注明此書書名）。由張方文同學(xué)利用暑假時(shí)間將其 整理為電子版文本文件

2、，特此致謝。文中方括號(hào)【】中的數(shù)字代表原書頁(yè)碼， 同學(xué)們寫作時(shí)可以引用或引注。文中的“菲倫諾”即“斐洛諾斯” （Philonous），亦即巴克萊觀點(diǎn)的代言人，而“西拉”則是“海拉斯”，一位 主張物質(zhì)存在的常識(shí)論者。為了方便同學(xué)們閱讀、復(fù)習(xí)，將文中“菲倫諾”一 律改為“斐洛諾斯”，“西拉”改為“海拉斯”。巴克萊試圖證明“存在就是 被感知”，通過(guò)對(duì)話，斐洛諾斯（即菲倫諾）終于說(shuō)服海拉斯（即西拉）接受 了自己的觀點(diǎn)。]【1】第一篇 第一篇斐洛

3、諾斯 海拉斯先生，早安；我想不到您會(huì)這樣早就出來(lái)。PHILONOUS. Good morrow, Hylas: I did not expect to find you abroad so early.海拉斯 是的，我這樣早起出游，是不常有的。不過(guò)因?yàn)樽蛱焱砩纤鶎?duì)論的 那個(gè)題目，夜里仍盤旋在我的思想中，使我不能安寢，所以決心起來(lái)，到花園 中散散步。HYLAS. It is indeed something unusual

4、; but my thoughts were so taken up with a subject I was discoursing of last night, that finding I could not sleep, I resolved to rise and take a turn in the garden.斐洛諾斯 這倒好，您借此機(jī)會(huì)，可以明白您每天早晨丟掉了多少清心悅意 的快樂(lè)。一天以內(nèi)能有比清晨更暢快的時(shí)

5、候，一年中能有比現(xiàn)在更和樂(lè)的時(shí)季 嗎？那紫色的朝霞，百鳥肆叫的清音，樹木花卉所放的芳香，朝日的清和，以 及千萬(wàn)種無(wú)以名狀的自然之美，都使我們的心神感到一種不可名狀的快樂(lè)；就 是我們的心思，在此時(shí)也顯得清新活潑，坐著這寂靜的園林同幽謐的清晨，正 好涉思玄想，體會(huì)妙理。不過(guò)我恐怕攪枕了您的思路，因?yàn)槟鷦偛藕孟裾?著什么吧？PHIL. It happened well, to let you see what innocent and a

6、greeable pleasures you lose every morning. Can there be a pleasanter time of the day, or a more delightful season of the year? That purple sky, those wild but sweet notes of birds, the fragrant bloom upon the trees and f

7、lowers, the gentle influence of whole time in the pursuits of knowledge professing an entire ignorance of all things, or advancing such notions as are repugnant to plain and commonly received principles, they will be tem

8、pted to entertain suspicions concerning the most important truths, which they had hitherto held sacred and unquestionable.斐洛諾斯 我完全同意您。一些哲學(xué)家裝模作樣地懷疑，同另一些哲學(xué)家的 空中樓閣的狂想，誠(chéng)然有一種壞趨勢(shì)。近來(lái)我這種思路愈益發(fā)展，竟把我從那 些哲學(xué)家學(xué)來(lái)的一些高論都拋棄了，爽性接受了流俗人的

9、意見(jiàn)。而且我可以同 您老實(shí)講，自從我丟了玄學(xué)的意見(jiàn)，回到自然的明顯律令同常識(shí)以來(lái)，我覺(jué)得 自己的見(jiàn)解異常開朗，因此以前所認(rèn)為種秘同隱謎的許多道理，我現(xiàn)在都可以 豁然貫通了。PHIL. I entirely agree with you, as to the ill tendency of the affected doubts of some philosophers, and fantastical conceits of other

10、s. I am even so far gone of late in this way of thinking, that I have quitted several of the sublime notions I had got in their schools for vulgar opinions. And I give it you on my word; since this revolt from metaphysic

11、al notions to the plain dictates of nature and common sense, I find my understanding strangely enlightened, so that I can now easily comprehend a great many things which before were all mystery and riddle.海拉斯 別人議論您的

12、話，原來(lái)都沒(méi)有根據(jù)，這很使我歡喜。HYL. I am glad to find there was nothing in the accounts I heard of you.斐洛諾斯 他們說(shuō)我什么？請(qǐng)您告訴我。PHIL. Pray, what were those?海拉斯 在昨夜談話時(shí)，人們說(shuō)您相信人心中所出現(xiàn)過(guò)的最荒誕的意見(jiàn)：即 世界上并沒(méi)有物質(zhì)的實(shí)體那種東西存在。HYL. You were represente