99年考研英語閱讀理解

1、1999Text1Itsaroughwldoutthere.Stepoutsideyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdomat.Lightupthestoveyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckilyifthedomatstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisasterasuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyoufyourtroubles.so

2、thethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980swhenjuriesbeganholdingmecompaniesliableftheircustomersmisftunes.Feelingthreatenedcompaniesrespondedbywritingeverlongerwarninglabelstryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Todaystepladd

3、erscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthatwarnamongotherthingsthatyoumight—surprise!—falloff.ThelabelonachildsBatmancapecautionsthatthetoy“doesnotenableusertofly.“Whilewarningsareoftenappropriatenecessary—thedangersofdrugintera

4、ctionsfexample—manyarerequiredbystatefederalregulationsitisntclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturerssellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemtocourt.Nowthe

5、tideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefesomecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendantsespeciallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldnthavechangedanything.InMayJulieNimmonspresidentofSchuttSptsinIllinoiss

6、uccessfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.“Werereallysryhehasbecomeparalyzedbuthelmetsarentdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries“saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatu

7、reofthegamenotthehelmetwasthereasonftheathletesinjury.AtthesametimetheAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudgeslawyersacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight—issuednewguidelinesfttlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarn

8、customersofobviousdangersbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.“Imptantinfmationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities“saysalawprofessatCnellLawSchoolwhohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasits

9、waytheinfmationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedfthebenefitofcustomersnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.51.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidentshappened[A]Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthroughlawsuits.[B]In

10、juredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegalsystem.[C]Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnewwarnings.[D]Juriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniespromised.52.Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetendto___

11、_____.[A]satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningsonproducts[B]becomehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirproducts[C]makethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegalliability[D]feelobligedtoviewcustomerssafetyastheirfirstconcern53.Thec

12、aseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthat________.[A]someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupptedbylaw[B]helmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuries[C]productlabelswouldeventuallybediscarded[D]somesptsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes句組成，

13、中間用連接。破折號之間的部分是舉例說明warnings的內(nèi)容，后面的many省略了warnings，state與federal共用regulations。主句部分本身也是一個主從復(fù)合句，主句用了一個形式主語it，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句，注意這個從句中有個動詞短語protect...from...，后面是一個if引導(dǎo)的條件從句。△首先要把握這個句子的主旨，那就是主句中所闡明的warnings對manufacturersseller

14、s的保護(hù)作用還很不明朗。注意破折號之間的部分對warnings的解釋作用以及it作為形式主語的替代作用。②Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefesomecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendantsespeciallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldnthavechangedanything.▲在這個主從復(fù)合句中，前一個分句是由a

15、s引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語從句，注意這里的claims是個名詞；主句的時態(tài)用的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示的這種狀況正在開始。這個主句有一個較長的狀語短語，原因是cases后面跟了一個where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾cases，這個定語從句的主干是warninglabelnotchangeanything，解釋的是什么樣的cases?！髦骶湟廊皇亲プ【渥哟笠獾年P(guān)鍵，該句所要表達(dá)的就是somecourtsbeginningtosidewithdefendants

16、，再者要注意cases后面定語從句指出了哪類cases尤為如此。③InMayJulieNimmonspresidentofSchuttSptsinIllinoissuccessfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.▲這個句子的主干是...president...successfullyfough

17、talawsuit...。句子的主語是JulieNimmons，后面逗號之間的部分是她的職位，賓語部分alawsuit有一個較長的動詞現(xiàn)在分詞involving所引導(dǎo)的短語，involving的賓語是afootballplayer，后面跟了一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這個定語從句中有一個while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，還原成句子就是whilehewaswearingaSchutthelmet。找出其中的關(guān)鍵部分：...presidentofSc

18、hutt...successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayer...paralyzed...whilewearingaSchutthelmet。④AtthesametimetheAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudgeslawyersacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight—issuednewgu

19、idelinesfttlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.▲這個看起來很長的句子其實(shí)是一個簡單句，主干是...the...Institute...issuednewguidelinesfttlaw...。其中破折號之間的內(nèi)容說明的是這個Institute的人員構(gòu)成，并且用一

20、個whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句說明了這些成員的權(quán)威。law后面跟的現(xiàn)在分詞stating有一個相當(dāng)長的賓語從句，這個從句的主語是companies，而謂語有兩個動詞結(jié)構(gòu)，一個是warn...of...，另一個是bombard...with...，敘述了guidelines的內(nèi)容。△這個句子的要點(diǎn)是在stating后面的that從句，對其中兩個動詞結(jié)構(gòu)warn...of...和bombard...with...的正確理解決定了對整個句子的理解

21、。⑤Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitswaytheinfmationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedfthebenefitofcustomersnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.▲在這個復(fù)合句中，if引導(dǎo)的是一個條件從句，主句部分的謂語用了被動形式，謂語動詞providef有兩個賓語，一個是thebenefitsof