國際貿(mào)易理論與實(shí)務(wù)雙語教程課件傅龍海等 isbn9787566309440 ppt11第十一章 商品的價(jià)格

1、Chapter 11 Price of Commodity商品的價(jià)格,,Lesson 1 Pricing價(jià)格的掌握,1. Correctly Implement Pricing Principles1) Determine the appropriate price on the basis of international price combined with our purchasing intention2) Pr

2、icing should take into account other countries’ policies and regional rules in order to make the international trading conform to diplomacy.,3)Pricing should combine with purchasing intention:The determined price can be

3、 slightly higher or lower than the international price. The core principle is that pricing should be in line with the international price.,2. Price Components of Export Commodities 出口商品價(jià)格構(gòu)成,2.1 Four Components 出口商品單價(jià)的四個(gè)

4、組成部分The price of export commodity is composed of four indispensable parts: Pricing Currency, Units of Measurement, Unit Value (Price), Trade Terms. For instance, USD100/MT CIF HAMBURG.,2.2 Components of FOB, CFR and CIF

5、 FOB、CFR、CIF三種貿(mào)易術(shù)語的構(gòu)成,Price of FOB = Purchase Cost + Domestic Cost + Net ProfitPrice of CFR = Purchase Cost + Domestic Cost + Overseas Freight + Net ProfitPrice of CIF = Purchase Cost + Domestic Cost + Overseas Freight

6、 + Overseas Insurance + Net Profit,3.Export Exchange Cost 出口換匯成本,3.1 Definition定義It refers to the amount of RMB required for a unit of foreign currency of certain export commodity.3.2 Formula 計(jì)算公式,3.2.1 Total Export Co

7、st出口總成本,Total Export Cost is composed of purchase cost, domestic cost and export tax, which means the total domestic cost paid by foreign trade enterprises for export commodities. The export cost price is calculated on t

8、he basis of total export cost, excluding any overseas cost; Transaction price of exports includes overseas freight, insurance premiums, and commissions etc.,3.2.2 Export Foreign Exchange Net Income出口外匯凈收入,Export Foreign

9、Exchange Net Income comprises total export foreign exchange excluding labor cost and other non-trade foreign exchange (freight, insurance premiums, and banking charges).FOB – Foreign Exchange Net IncomeCIF – Foreign Ex

10、change Net Income excluding freight, insurance premiums and commissions,3.2.3 Overseas Cost國外費(fèi)用,Overseas Cost mainly comprises Overseas Freight, Overseas Premiums and Commissions.主要包括：國外運(yùn)費(fèi)（裝運(yùn)港――目的港運(yùn)費(fèi)）、國外保費(fèi)、傭金,3.2.4 Rel

11、ationship among Variables各變量之間的關(guān)系,Export Exchange Cost is directly proportional to Total Export Cost and inversely proportional to Export Foreign Exchange Net Income. Compared with Foreign Exchange Rate of BOC (Bank of C

12、hina), the lower Export Exchange Cost is, the more profits will be gained. For instance, in an export transaction, the Export Exchange Cost is calculated as 7.26, while Foreign Exchange Rate is 7.61. This means every dol

13、lar gained will earn 0.35 RMB. The Export Exchange Cost is measured by RMB, so the lower the number is, the lower the cost is.,Case Study: A trading company exports 10,000 units of arts and crafts which cost 300,000 Yuan

14、 (30 Yuan per unit), other domestic cost: 8000 RMB, expected profit: 10%, freight: 10 units/CTN, 1000 cartons, carton size: 25×56×32, GW: 32KG NW: 30KG, the freight to Europe is calculated by W/M as 120 Dollars

15、 per ton. The price of 40 containers to Europe: 3500 Dollars, insurance by 11% of the invoice value against all risks at the premium rate of 0.8%, foreign sales price: USD4.85/PC CIF London. Please calculate the export e

16、xchange cost respectively by container and by cargo.,4. Profit and Loss Ratio of Export Commodities 出口商品盈虧率,4.1 Definition 定義Profit and Loss Ratio of Export Commodities demonstrates the ratio between the volume of expor

17、t profit and Total Export Cost. The volume of export profit indicates the balance between net RMB income of export sales and total export cost. If the balance is a positive number, it means making a profit, and vice vers

18、a. The very ratio is perceived as an important index to measure the degree of export profit or loss.,4.2 Formula 計(jì)算公式Case Study: connected to the previous onePlease calculate the profit and loss ratio of export com

19、moditiesNet income of export sales = 44573.20 Dollars ×7.61=339202.05 YuanTotal cost =308000 Yuan Balance =339202.05－308000=31202.05 YuanProfit and loss ratio of export commodities＝31202.05/308000×100%＝10%,

20、5. Foreign Exchange Earned through Export (Exchange Rate Appreciation),Foreign exchange earned through export is concluded by the ratio between certain difference calculated by export foreign exchange net income minus fo

21、reign exchange cost of raw materials and foreign exchange cost of raw materials. The ratio is universally adopted in imported materials processing and supplied materials processing to calculate exchange rate appreciation

22、.,,Case Study: A trading company imports fabric to proceed to clothing at an amount of 100,000 Dollars in CIF terms (USD9/PC CIF HAMBURG per garment). The total freight: 8000 Dollars, premiums: 2000 Dollars. Please calcu

23、late the exchange rate appreciation.,Lesson2 Commission and Discount傭金和折扣,1.Commission 傭金Commission is the remuneration for the agents who provide service for principals. During trading, commission is usually in the f

24、orm of remuneration which either side of a trade provides to the middleman.,,Commission can be defined as follows:1） Labeled by words. e.g.: This price includes 5 percent commission.2） Trading terms: e.g.: CIFc2 San Fr

25、ancisco3）Defined by number: Commission: USD 25 per Metric Ton,2.Calculation and Payment Methods of Commissions 傭金的計(jì)算與支付方法,Commission=Price with Commission × Commission RateNet Price=Price with Commission-Commissio

26、n per Unit=Price with Commission× (1-Commission Rate),3.Discount (Rebate) 折扣,Discount is aimed to motivate the initiatives of the buyer, which is provided by the seller as a concession in the contract. The differen

27、tiation between the commission and the discount: commissions are offered by the seller to the middlemen, while discounts are concessions provided by the seller.,Discount can be calculated on the basis of turnover value o

28、r invoice value.Discount per Unit ＝ Original Price × Discount RateNet Seller’s Revenue = Original Price × (1 - Discount Rate)e.g.: Original price: USD100.00/PC CIF HK, Discount rate: 2%, discount offered by

29、the seller to buyer: USD100.00×2%=USD2.00, Net revenue of the seller: USD100.00× (1-2%) =USD98.00The payment method of discount can be offered directly during issuing; Sellers remove the discount from the invo

30、ice value.,Case Study,[Case One]A trading company exports a number of commodities abroad, the original price: 2,000USD per metric ton CIF3% London, the buyer require CIF5% London. Insurance coverage for the original pre

31、miums against all risks including war risks, the rates was 0.8 USD and 6%, in accordance with 110% CIF price, Please calculate CFRC5% London.,[Case Two]A UK client ordered 1000 traveling bags, requiring CIF5% Liverpool,

32、 other conditions: domestic purchase cost of traveling bags is 50 Yuan per piece, other dominate cost is 5,000 Yuan; the expected profit rate is 10%. The bags are packaged in cartons, 20 per carton. Freight is 20 Dollars