四級翻譯題解題技巧

1、四級翻譯題,大學英語四級考試改革后，取消了原有的詞匯與語法結(jié)構(gòu)部分的試題，增添了新翻譯這部分的新題型，與以往作為四級考試備選題型之一的英譯漢不同，新題型的翻譯改為漢譯英，增加了一定的難度。,翻譯題型三大考點,1. 固定搭配考點：這是翻譯中的最為核心的考點，也是近幾次命題密度最高的知識點。比如說名詞與動詞搭配，形容詞與名詞搭配，動詞與副詞的修飾關(guān)系，名詞與介詞搭配，更為重要的是常見的固定詞組以及固定表達，這些都可能成為考試的命題重點。,例

2、1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely _______________________________ (把孩子的成功歸因于) natural talent.(大綱樣題)?！　　究键c剖析】這個題目就非常典型。有兩個固定搭配考點：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe…to /attribute…to (把…歸功、因于),2. 核心語法考點：這部分語法考

3、點大多數(shù)是以前詞匯語法考題考點的重現(xiàn)和轉(zhuǎn)移，盡管詞匯單選題現(xiàn)在不考了，但是還是不能忽視這部分題目，因為考點是一致的。核心語法考點最重要的虛擬語氣，其次是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、從句知識、非謂語動詞等。,例：Not only ___________________________ (他向我收費過高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either (大綱樣題)　　【考點剖析】本題同樣為典型的語法考點?？疾榱丝忌鷮?/p>

4、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)這個特殊語法現(xiàn)象的掌握情況。句首的Not only決定了倒裝連接，下文用了過去時態(tài)，因此這里需在he之前加did。所以答案應該為did he overcharge me。,3. 核心動詞以及動詞短語的考查,例1：Though a skilled worker, ____________________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis .　　【考點剖析】本題的重

5、要考點就是考生對“解雇”這個核心動詞的翻譯。可以表示解雇的有dismiss, discharge, fire等。,解題對策,1）在進行翻譯練習時，盡量力求翻譯答案多樣化，以便擴展思維，開闊思路，掌握重點核心表達?！　±?為了掙錢供我上學)___________, mother often takes on more work than is good for her,【考點剖析】對于“為了掙錢供我上學“的表達，我們可以說To ea

6、rn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money to finance my education ; In order to make money to fund my education ; In order to earn money to afford my education等。 表達多樣化，發(fā)散性思維，對地道英文

7、表達的積累很有幫助，直接與四級考試中翻譯與寫作題型相關(guān)。,2）. 絕對不能忽視以前詞匯語法的單項選擇題，盡量在以前的詞匯題中挖掘新四級翻譯考點　　例：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper.,2004年1月份四級考試詞匯單選題,句中的submit(提交)這個考點詞在2006年6月的

8、新四級的翻譯題中再次出現(xiàn)，這足以說明以前的詞匯語法題目的考點與新題型中的翻譯題考點具有延續(xù)性與繼承性。,He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner . 【考點探究】 本題為2003年6月四級考試的詞匯單選題，handle the affairs in a friendly manner (以友好的方式處理事務)是一個核心表達，很有可能在翻譯中考查。因為在這句話

9、中，出現(xiàn)了考點疊加的現(xiàn)象：第一，give a pledge to do sth (承諾做某事)；第二，handle(處理)這個核心動詞的用法；第三，in …manner(以…方式)這個重要短語；考生一定要清楚，在復習詞匯單選題的時候，出現(xiàn)考點疊加的地方一定要高度重視，容易命題。,3). 多背搭配，同時利用經(jīng)典搭配多造句子，完善語法結(jié)構(gòu)。同時可以提高自己的寫作水平，一舉兩得。 4). 強化重點語法知識。如倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語氣、比較

10、結(jié)構(gòu)、定語從句、狀語從句、非謂語動詞等。 5). 深度分析已考翻譯試題，全面掌握挖掘潛在考點，學會舉一反三。,常見語法考點真題解析,1、從句的翻譯(1)主語從句真題： (很多人沒有意識到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6)答案：What many people don’t realize,W

11、hat的用法,1. what = just as，意為“恰像，猶如，好比”用作連詞，引導比較狀語從句。⑴ 慣用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對B而言正如C對D一樣” 例如：E.g. Air is to us what water is to fish. （介詞to 表示兩者的關(guān)系）⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如：E.g. Poultry is

12、 for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 廚師離不了家禽正如畫家離不開畫布一樣。（介詞for表示“供…使用”） ⑶ what 引導的從句也可以放在句首，其句式是：What C is to D，that A is to B.（= A is to B what C is to D.）在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，喻體在前，主體在后，相當于“just as…，so…”結(jié)構(gòu)，意思也是“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”

13、例如：What blood vessel is to a man's body，that railway is to transportation.（=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ，so Railway is to transportation.）鐵路對于運輸，好比血管對于人體一樣。,2. what 與do with連用，意為“（怎樣）處理﹑安排或?qū)Ω兜取薄hat常

14、有較靈活的翻譯，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：“what …do with sth./sb.？”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如：① What will you do with the letter？ ② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.,2.what 用作復合關(guān)系代詞時，既可指代人又可指代物。例如：① China is no l

15、onger what it used to be？ 中國已不是過去的中國。② She is what you call a “bluestocking”。 她就是你說的“女才子”。③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。,3. What從句可用作賓語補足語或狀語。例如：① We will make the factory twice what it is tod

16、ay. （句中的twice what it is today是動詞make的賓語the factory的補足語） Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人稱得現(xiàn)有的重量（句中的第一個what到句末為表語從句；句末的what you weigh 是說明前面的動詞weigh，系回答how much 的問題，作狀語）,4.與what連用的常用句型和詞組⑴ What

17、 if…？如果（假如）…將會怎么樣？例如： What if it is true？如果這是真的又怎么樣？ What if a storm should come up？萬一發(fā)生暴風雨怎么辦？⑷ come what will（may）是固定搭配必須倒裝，意為“不管發(fā)生什么事”“不管怎樣”Come what will （may），I will always stand by you.She made up mind that,

18、 come what may, she would stay there.They said they would follow the Party's lead come what might.,(2)賓語從句真題：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的), not how much they

19、can earn.(2007.12)答案：is measured by how much they can loan,(3)表語從句真題：In my sixties, one change I notice is that———— (我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12)答案：I am more likely to get tired than before,(4)定語從句真題：Medical rese

20、archers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他們至今還沒有答案)(2008.12)答案：(that/which)they haven’t found solution to或to which they haven’t found solution真題： (與我成長的地方相比), this town is more

21、prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)答案：Compared with the place where I grew up真題：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is—— (我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).(2007.6)答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate,(5)狀語從句真題：Leaving on

22、e’s job, (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6)答案：whatever it is(讓步狀語從句)真題：I am going to pursue this course, (無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲).(2007.12)答案：no matter

23、 what kind of sacrifice I have to make(讓步狀語從句)真題：Some psychologists claim that people (出門在外時可能會感到孤獨)(2006.12)答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(時間狀語從句),2.虛擬語氣歷年真題中涉及到虛擬語氣的考點可以歸納如下：(1)(should)+

24、動詞原形的情形;(2)if或but for等引導的條件句;(3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的用法。,【真題】You would not have failed if … (按照我的指令去做).(2009.12)【解析】本題較為容易，按照漢語意思直譯?？键c有兩個：首先最重要的考點是if從句的虛擬語氣考查；根據(jù)語法規(guī)定，如果主句中出現(xiàn)wou

25、ld +have的形式，從句中應該采用had+過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)；第二是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表達為follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多樣化的表達，兩者選其一就可以；注意很多學生出現(xiàn)遺漏主語you，造成不必要的失分。【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders,【真題】The victim

26、 (本來會有機會活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12)【解析】本句考查對錯綜時間條件句的虛擬語氣的掌握。在與過去事實相反的條件下，if引導的條件句時態(tài)是過去完成時態(tài)，主句謂語一般使用would have done?！敬鸢浮縲ould have had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of s

27、urvival,3.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類型，重點是部分倒裝，即只有系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞參與的倒裝。常見的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為四大類：(1)否定倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結(jié)構(gòu)hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than，not only…bu

28、t also用于句首時所導致的倒裝。Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different.以前我很少去劇院，但是現(xiàn)在不同了。,(2)虛擬倒裝。指在if引導的虛擬條件句中，將if省略，把should, had, were提至主語前，形成倒裝。Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.如果我是你，絕對不會答應那么做的。(3)強調(diào)倒裝。為突出

29、強調(diào)某一成分而將它提至句首時，實行倒裝，如：A. so 倒裝句So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.他工作如此勤奮以至于經(jīng)常廢寢忘食。,B.以某些表示肯定的副詞開頭作狀語：only, often, thenThen did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了

30、。Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.我們只有通過努力工作才能獲得想要的東西。(4)在“so+形容詞…that分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如將“so+形容詞”置于句首以示強調(diào)時，其后的系動詞be則要移到主語前面，形成主謂的完全倒裝。So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感動得說不出話來。,【真題】Not only

31、 (他向我收費過高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.(2006.6新)【解析】本題考查對倒裝的掌握。解答此題需要考慮兩個層次，首先是動詞“收費”的對應詞，應當譯為“charge”。收費“過高”往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用詞overcharge就可以表示“收費過高”。其次，not only…but…結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)了否定詞前置到句首的現(xiàn)象，這是倒裝的標志。結(jié)合后半句的

32、一般過去時形式，我們要把助動詞did提出來，按照倒裝形式譯為did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much?！敬鸢浮縟id he overcharge me/did he charge me too much,翻譯技巧 1. 詞匯層面技巧,(1) 詞類的轉(zhuǎn)移在漢譯英的過程中，因為英語中存在一些習慣用法﹑固定搭配和短語等，這導致與漢語中的詞語在詞性與語義上并不總是一一對應。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

33、指的是中英文之間詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，如在中文里是名詞，到了英文句子中就變成了動詞。這里主要包括四種情況。,名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞例如：I am going to pursue this course, (無論我做出什么犧牲). （2007.12）（“犧牲”是名詞） 譯為：I am going to pursue this course, no matter what I will sacrifice.（“sacri

34、fice”是動詞） 動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞 例如： (為了掙錢供我上學)，mother often takes on more work than is good for her.。（2006.6）（“上學”是動詞）譯為：To finance my education, mother often takes on more work than is good for her.（“education”是名詞）

35、,名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞 例如：I can’t boot my computer now. Something (出了毛病) its operating system. （2008.6）(“毛病”是名詞)I can’t boot my computer now. Something must be wrong with its operating system. (“wrong”是形容詞) 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞 例如：P

36、lease come here at ten tomorrow morning (如果方便的話). （2007.6） (“方便”是形容詞) 譯為：Please come here at ten tomorrow morning at your convenience.（“convenience”是名詞）,（2）增譯法例如： (大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的)is providing

37、the best education possible for their children. (2008. 12) 譯為：What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.分析：漢語中“所關(guān)心的”實際上是指“所關(guān)心的事情”，用英語表達

38、則使用what引導的從句。what作concerned about 的賓語，增譯what。,（3）減譯法例如：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ______________(我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域). （07.6）譯為：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field of our cooperation. 分析

39、：此句中，所要翻譯部分在句中作表語，其中“領(lǐng)域”為中心詞，“可以合作的”是其定語，由于此定語過長，所以使用所屬格of結(jié)構(gòu)，并且“可以”省去不譯。,（4）翻譯中的選詞例如：I would preper shopping online to shopping in a department store because (它更加方便和省時). （2007.12）譯為：I would prefer

40、shopping online to shopping in a department store because the former is more convenient and time-saving.分析：此句中，所要翻譯部分中“它”簡單譯為it則會指代不清，而譯為the former則效果更好。,（5）詞義的引申例如：At weekends, (人山人海) in the park.譯為：At w

41、eekends, there are a large crowd of people in the park.分析：如果根據(jù)句面意思直接把“人山人?！弊g為people mountain people sea，外國人則很難理解，這里譯為there are a large crowd of people。根據(jù)不同的語境有不同的譯法。如果看到電影院門前大排長龍，可譯為There is a&

42、#160;long movie line。,2. 語法層面技巧,（1）詞序調(diào)整法例如： (與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. (2008. 6)譯為：Compared with the place where I grew up, this town is more prosperous and exciti

43、ng.分析：“我成長的地方”的中心詞是“地方”，“我成長的”是其定語，此定語可譯為英語中的定語從句where I grew up置于“地方(the place)”之后?！皩?..與...相比”用compare…with…。,（2）語態(tài)變換法例如：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的), not how muc

44、h they can earn. (2007. 12)譯為：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow.分析：“衡量”在漢語句子中是主動形式，而翻譯為英語則使用其被動形式is measured by。,（3）正說反譯, 反說正譯法例如：He didn’t sign the contr

45、act, __________ (對這個問題你一定要高度重視).譯為：He didn’t sign the contract, you cannot attach too much importance to the matter.分析：翻譯出的英語句子帶有can’t，形式上是否定的，但是內(nèi)容含義上卻是肯定的。cannot/couldn’t＋too意為 “越……越好，非常，無論怎樣……也不過分”,（

46、4）合并法例如：The man who stole my watch was _________ (不是別人，正是約翰). 譯為：The man who stole my watch was no other than John.分析：所翻譯部分是由兩個短句構(gòu)成，可以合并翻譯為英語中no other than表示“不是…，而是…”。,（5）比較結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯例如：In my sixties, one change

47、 I notice is that (我比以前更容易累了). (2007. 12)譯為：In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am apt to/ inclined to be more easily tired than before.分析：“更容易累”中心詞是“累”，“更容易”是其修飾語，所以容易使用其副詞形式“easily”，比較級為“

48、more easily”?！氨纫郧啊弊g為than before。,練習,87 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________________(找到去歷史博物館的路).88 _____________ (為了掙錢供我上學）， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 89 The profes

49、sor required that __________________(我們交研究報告)。90 The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).91 Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了).2006,參考答案：,87 finding the way to the history museum88 In order to su

50、pport my university studies (to finance my education)89 we hand in/submit our research report(s)90 the more confused I am91 he was fired by the company,1.The number of the students in this city has _____ (增加了6倍) in co

51、mparison with 2001. 2. _____ (有些大一新生打定主意) to pursue a master's degree after undergraduate studies. 3. _____ (不管任務多么艱巨), we must fulfill it in time. 4.He had understood nothing, _____ (也沒嘗試著去) understand. 5. _

52、____ (隨著時間的流逝), they forgot their bitter sufferings.,1. increased 5 times 2. Some freshmen make up their minds 3. No matter how hard the task is However hard the task is No matter how hard the task may b

53、e However hard the task may be 4.nor did he try to 5.With the passage of time,1._____ ( 據(jù)說 ) the painter used his aunt as the model in that painting. 2.Most of the people who die in earthquakes _____ ( 是正在倒塌的建筑

54、物砸死的 ). 3. Most people tend to believe that " the newer, the better, " _____ ( 盡管并不總是這樣 ). 4. _____ ( 沒有人不稱贊他們 ) for their great accomplishment. 5. _____ ( 毫無疑問 ) he is qualified for the job.,1. It is sai

55、d that2. are killed by falling buildings3. though that is not always the case4. There is no one who does not praise them5. There is no doubt that,1. This leaflet tells you _____ (怎樣在旅行期間防止生病).2. The book is ___

56、__ (我夠不著); would you please pass it to me?3. I'm not accustomed to such luxury, _____ (它簡直是浪費錢).4. He came to the meeting _____ (不顧重病).5. Then I found myself _____ (被許多男孩子包圍著).,1. how to avoid getting ill while

57、 traveling 2. beyond my reach 3. which is just a waste of money 4. despite his serious illness in spite of his serious illness 5. surrounded by many boys,Key to translation one,1 No matter how frequently perform

58、ed2 they are apt to make trouble3 Much as I admire him as a writer4 while his mind was wandering5 can we adapt to the society quickly 6 What he really hopes for,7 more mobile shops be set up in the residential area

59、8 needn’t have borrowed it from the bank9 It is because she is too experienced10 will be doing/ conducting the experiment11 However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him12 whether robots will one day ha

60、ve vision as good as human vision13 wondering about his real purpose14 followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now15 of failure to fulfill its promise to improve urban traffic conditions,Key to translation Two

61、,1 reacts three times as fast as the other one2 or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church3 killing thousands upon thousands of people4 Whatever be the reasons for it5 especially in developed

62、countries6 What makes the world develop so fast,7 absorb as much knowledge as he can 8 nowhere is education better than in college9 he would sooner die than do such a thing10 are students permitted to graduate in adv

63、ance11 the color of our skin is due to heredity12 mainly due to stress and tension in their work13 more than two and a half million families have been lifted out of poverty14 All the members except the Chairman voted

64、 for my proposal15 providing new growth opportunities for China’s foreign and domestic trade,訓練一翻譯答案,1 No matter how frequently performed2 they are apt to make trouble3 Much as I admire him as a writer4 while his min

65、d was wandering5 can we adapt to the society quickly 6 What he really hopes for7 more mobile shops be set up in the residential area,8 needn’t have borrowed it from the bank9 It is because she is too experienced10 w

66、ill be doing/ conducting the experiment11 However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him12 whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision13 wondering about his real purpose14 followed my