2015年電子科技大學(xué)244 英語考研真題

1、共11頁第1頁電子科技大學(xué)電子科技大學(xué)2015年攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試試題年攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試試題考試科目：考試科目：244英語英語(二外二外僅日語方向僅日語方向)注：無機(jī)讀卡，所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷或草稿紙上均無效。注：無機(jī)讀卡，所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷或草稿紙上均無效。PartIReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispa

2、rt.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsunfinishedstatements.FeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)D).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoicethenwritethecrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetPassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefoll

3、owingpassage.PeopleinCalifnialovetotalkabout“zeroemissionsvehicles”butpeopleinCalifniaseemtobecluelessaboutwhereelectricitycomesfrom.Powerplantsmostallusefiretomakeit.Asidefromthefewfolkswhohavetheirroofscoveredwithsolar

4、cellswegetourelectricityfromgenerats.Generatsarefueledbysomething—usuallycoaloilbutalsobyheatgeneratedinnuclearpowerplants.Thereareafewwindfarmsgeothermalplantsaswellbutbyfarwegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething.Inoth

5、erwdsthose“zeroemissions”carsarelikelycoalburningcars.Itsjustthecoalisburnedsomewhereelsesoitlooksclean.Itisnot.It’sasiftheCalifniaGreensarecoveringtheireyes—“IfIcan’tseeitit’snothappening.”Gasolineisanincrediblyefficien

6、twaytopoweravehicleagallonofgashasalotofenergyinit.Butwhenyoutakethatgas(anotherfuel)firstuseittomakeelectricityyouwasteanicepartofthatenergymostlyinthefmofwastedheat—atthegeneratthroughthetransmissionlinesetc.Agallonofg

7、asmaypropelyourcar25miles.Buttheelectricityyougetfromthatgallonofgaswontgetyounearlyasfar—soelectriccarsburnmefuelthangaspoweredones.Ifourelectricitycamemostlyfromnukesgeothermalhydrosolarwindthenanelectriccartrulywouldb

8、eclean.Butfpoliticaltechnicaleconomicreasonswedon’tusemuchofthoseenergysources.Inadditionelectriccars’batterieswhicharepoisonousfalongtimewilleventuallyendupinalfill（垃圾填埋場）.finallywhencarsarethepollutersthepollutionisspr

9、eadacrossalltheroads.Whenit’sapowerplantthoughallthejunkisinoneplace.Natureisverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsarenottooconcentratedbutittakesalotlongerwhenallthegarbageisinonespot.共11頁第3頁By1908theUnitedStateswastheonlyindus

10、trialnationinthewldthatlackedwkerscompensationinsurance.Americasinjuredwkerscouldsuefdamagesinacourtoflawbuttheystillfacedanumberoftoughlegalbarriers.Fexampleemployeeshadtoprovethattheirinjuriesdirectlyresultedfromemploy

11、ernegligencethattheythemselveswereignantaboutpotentialhazardsinthewkplace.Thefirststatewkerscompensationlawinthiscountrypassedin1911theprogramsoonspreadthroughoutthenation.AfterWldWarIIbenefitpaymentstoAmericanwkersdidno

12、tkeepupwiththecostofliving.Infactrealbenefitlevelswerelowerinthe1970sthantheywereinthe1940sinmoststatesthemaximumbenefitwasbelowthepovertylevelfafamilyoffour.In1970PresidentRidNixonsetupanationalcommissiontostudytheprobl

13、emsofwkerscompensation.Twoyearslaterthecommissionissued19keyrecommendationsincludingonethatcalledfincreasingcompensationbenefitlevelsto100percentofthestatesaverageweeklywages.InfacttheaveragecompensationbenefitinAmericah

14、asclimbedfrom55percentofthestatesaverageweeklywagesin1972to97percenttoday.Butasmoststudiesshowevery10percentincreaseincompensationbenefitsresultsina5percentincreaseinthenumbersofwkerswhofilefclaims.withsomuchmemoneyfloat

15、inginthewkerscompensationsystemitsnotsurprisingthatdoctslawyershavehelpedthemselvestoalargesliceofthegrowingpie.6.ThewldsfirstwkerscompensationlawwasintroducedbyBismarck________.A.ffearoflosingthesupptofthesocialistlabmo

16、vementB.outofreligiouspoliticalconsiderationsC.tospeedupthepaceofindustrializationD.tomakeindustrialproductionsafer7.WelearnfromthepassagethattheprocessofindustrializationinEurope________.A.metgrowingresistancefromlabers

17、wkingatmachinesB.resultedinthedevelopmentofpopularsocialinsuranceprogramsC.wasaccompaniedbyanincreasednumberofwkshopaccidentsD.requiredwkerstobeawareofthepotentialdangersatthewkplace8.OneoftheproblemstheAmericaninjuredwk

18、ersfacedingettingcompensationintheearly19thcenturywasthat_________.A.theyhadtoproduceevidencethattheiremployerswereresponsibleftheaccidentB.AmericasaveragecompensationbenefitwasmuchlowerthanthecostoflivingC.differentstat

19、esintheU.S.hadtotallydifferentcompensationprogramsD.theyhadtohavethecouragetosuefdamagesinacourtoflaw9.After1972wkerscompensationinsuranceintheU.S.becamemefavabletowkerssothat_______.A.thepovertylevelfafamilyoffourwentup