國際商務(wù)期末復(fù)習(xí)

1、CHAP1全球化全球化Globalizationreferstotheshifttowardameintegratedinterdependentwldeconomy.(全球化是指轉(zhuǎn)向一個更為一體化與相互依存的世界經(jīng)濟）Globalizationhastwofacets:1)theglobalizationofmarkets2)theglobalizationofproduction（市場的全球化和生產(chǎn)的全球化）EFFECT（影響）（影

2、響）?CriticswrythatglobalizationwillcausejoblossesenvironmentaldegradationtheculturalimperialismofglobalmediaMNEs.(反對者認為全球化會導(dǎo)致失業(yè)，環(huán)境惡化，由于全球媒體和跨國公司導(dǎo)致的文化侵蝕）?Supptersbelievethatincreasedtradecrossbderinvestmentmeanlowerpricesf

3、goodsservicesgreatereconomicgrowthhigherconsumerincomemejobs（支持者相信會增加貿(mào)易，跨國投資意味著商品和服務(wù)更低價，更大的經(jīng)濟增長，更高的消費收入，更多就業(yè)）?名詞名詞?Globalization全球化globalizationofmarkets市場全球化globalizationofproduction生產(chǎn)全球化factsofproduction生產(chǎn)要素wldtradegan

4、ization世界貿(mào)易組織wldbank世界銀行internationalmoaryfund國際貨幣基金組織internationaltrade國際貿(mào)易feigndirectinvestmentFDI對外直接投資multinationalenterpriseMNE跨國公司CHAP6國際貿(mào)易理論國際貿(mào)易理論?Mercantilismsuggeststhatitisinacountry’sbestinteresttomaintainatra

5、deComparativeAdvantage比較優(yōu)勢比較優(yōu)勢Ricardo’stheyofcomparativeadvantagesuggeststhatcountriesshouldspecializeintheproductionofthosegoodstheyproducemostefficientlybuygoodsthattheyproducelessefficientlyfromothercountriesevenifthi

6、smeansbuyinggoodsfromothercountriesthattheycouldproducemeefficientlyathome李嘉圖的比較優(yōu)勢理論認為一個國家分工生產(chǎn)最有效率的產(chǎn)品，而從別國購買自己生產(chǎn)效率相對較低的產(chǎn)品，甚至從別國購買自己更能有效生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品是有意義choosebiggeroneintwoadvantagessmalleroneintwodisadvantages兩利取重兩害取輕HeckscherO

7、hlinThey俄林理論俄林理論?EliHeckscherBertilOhlinarguedthatcomparativeadvantagearisesfromdifferencesinnationalfactendowments（天賦）–theextenttowhichacountryisendowedwithresourceslikellabcapital赫克歇爾和俄林認為比較優(yōu)勢是由各國生產(chǎn)要素稟賦的差異引起的，指一國的一些資源比

8、如土地，勞動力還有資本?TheHeckscherOhlintheypredictsthatcountrieswillexptgoodsthatmakeintensiveuseofthosefactsthatarelocallyabundantwhileimptinggoodsthatmakeintensiveuseoffactsthatarelocallyscarce赫克歇爾俄琳理論預(yù)測一國將出口密集型使用本國充足要素的產(chǎn)品，進赫克歇爾

9、俄琳理論預(yù)測一國將出口密集型使用本國充足要素的產(chǎn)品，進口密集使用本國稀缺要素的產(chǎn)品口密集使用本國稀缺要素的產(chǎn)品?TotakeadvantageoffactofendowmentsNewTradeThey新貿(mào)易理論新貿(mào)易理論Newtradetheysuggeststhattheabilityoffirmstogaineconomiesofscale(unitcostreductionsassociatedwithalargescaleof

10、output)canhaveimptantimplicationsfinternationaltradeNewtradetheysuggeststhat:?throughitsimpactoneconomiesofscaletradecanincreasethevarietyofgoodsavailabletoconsumersdecreasetheaveragecostofthosegoods?貿(mào)易可以通過對規(guī)模經(jīng)濟的影響增加消費品的