定語從句知識點匯總

1、定語從句定語從句◆英語諺語欣賞1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagoodf–nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無成.2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行，始于足下3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘當(dāng)小綿羊，遲早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念：(1)定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定

2、語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。(3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1)引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個連詞；2)必在從句中作某個句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）常用的關(guān)系代詞:that、which、who、whom、whose、as常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）:when、

3、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.Idlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。Ⅱ.幾個關(guān)系

4、代詞的基本用法：●that:可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句不可置于介詞后作賓語)如：1.Aletterthatwhichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主語)2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthatwhospokejustnow3.Youcantakeanything(that)yo

5、ulike.（賓語）4.Whatisthequestion(thatwhich)theyaretalkingabout5.Hereistheman(whowhomthat)youwanttosee.6.Shesnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefe.（表語）7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasit

6、usedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.●which:指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。如：1.Thebookwhichthatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主語）2.Thebook(whichthat)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinterestin

7、g.（賓語）3.Thefactyinwhichhisfatherwksisfarfromhere.4.Hewasproudwhichhisbrotherneverwas.（表語）最大的一個。關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時介詞可放于從句之首也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who和that用作介詞賓語時介詞必須放在句末.）關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動，

8、三意義（重中之重）一先，二動，三意義（重中之重）1.一先，即根據(jù)定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。IneverfgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2.二動，即根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意義，即根據(jù)定語從句的意義來確定介詞。Thisismypairofg

9、lasseswithoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.Thisisthebookfwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(thatwhich)youaskedf.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhs？=Doyouknowtheperson(whomwhothat)IshookhswithThebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhuma

10、nprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinfmationage.Inthedarkstreettherewasntasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnfhelp.IsthisthefactytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweekIsthisfactytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweekThisisthegirl

11、whomtheyarelookingafter.(介詞介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。lookatlookflookaftertakecareofhearofaboutfromcareflookfwardpayattentiontolistento等)●as的用法:(as引導(dǎo)定語從句在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)①如為限制性的，多用于thesame…asthesameas；such…as…asm

12、anymuchas；so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一樣的書。Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(關(guān)系代詞as和指示代詞same連用在從句中用作表語先行詞是same.).WhydidntyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnowIthoughtitwassuchamindeta

13、ilaswashardlywthmentioning.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.Dontdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthiswld.比較：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.Imwe

14、aringthesameshirtasyouweyesterday.比較：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定語從句）Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（結(jié)果狀語從句）②如為非限制性的，多單獨引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為“正如，這一點“。（動詞常為knowseeexpectpointoutetc.）Asweallknowsmokingis