初中英語中考復(fù)習(xí)語法資料

1、1目錄第一篇第一篇詞法詞法...................................................................................................................................1一、名詞.......................................................................

2、.......................................................1二、冠詞..........................................................................................................................6三、代詞...............................

3、...........................................................................................8四、形容詞、副詞........................................................................................................14五、連詞.........

4、.................................................................................................................23六、介詞....................................................................................................

5、..................27七、數(shù)詞..........................................................................................................................34八、動詞....................................................................

6、......................................................36第二篇第二篇句法句法.................................................................................................................................47一、主要句式.................

7、.............................................................................................47二、定語從句..............................................................................................................55三、常見習(xí)慣用

8、語............................................................................................................58四、完形填空與閱讀....................................................................................................

9、....66附錄.........................................................................................................................................76中學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)常見錯誤一覽表.........................................................

10、.........................76A..............................................................................................................................76B.............................................................

11、.................................................................81C..................................................................................................................................85D..................

12、............................................................................................................89E.............................................................................................................

13、.....................91F..............................................................................................................................93G.................................................................

14、.............................................................96H..............................................................................................................................97I..........................

15、.......................................................................................................100J................................................................................................................

16、.............102Ｋ...........................................................................................................................102L...........................................................................

17、.....................................................103Ｍ...........................................................................................................................106Ｎ..................................

18、.........................................................................................108Ｏ...........................................................................................................................110

19、Ｐ...........................................................................................................................111Ｒ...........................................................................................

20、....................................113Ｓ...............................................................................................................................114Ｔ................................................

21、...........................................................................117Ｕ...............................................................................................................................120Ｖ..........

22、.....................................................................................................................121Ｗ..................................................................................................

23、.........................121Ｙ..........................................................................................................123第一篇第一篇詞法詞法一、一、名詞名詞(一)知識概要名詞的概念在不同的語法教課書中有不同的解釋和分類方法，但就實際應(yīng)用來講還是不要過分地追求其理論概念，而更多的要把

24、注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來。我們不妨把它分為兩大類：專有名詞與普通名詞。顧名思義，專有名詞是指：個人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有的名稱，如，theGreatWall，America…它們是不能隨意變動的。而普通名詞中則包括個體名詞，如penwker…它表示單一的個體人或事物；集體名詞，如：3［析］可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用manyfewafewalotof來修飾，而people是可數(shù)名詞，而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：Thepeopleareplantingtreeshe

25、re.［誤］Iwantafewwater.［正］Iwantalittlewater.［析］不可數(shù)名詞前可以用alittlelittlealotofsome來修飾，但不可用manyfew來修飾。［誤］Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyisverykindtome.［正］Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyareverykindtome.［誤］TomsMarysfamilyarewaitingfus.［

26、正］TomsMarysfamiliesarewaitingfus.［誤］Imsry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamiliesarewaitingfme.［正］Imsry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamilyarewaitingfme.［析］集合名詞如果指某個集合的整體，則應(yīng)視為單數(shù)，如指某個集合體中的個體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:Myfamilyisabigfamily.WhenIcameinTomsfamilywerewatching

27、TV.即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有：familyclassteam等。［誤］Donteattoomuchmeats.［正］Donteattoomuchmeat.［誤］Foodinthatrestaurantisverygood.［正］Thefoodinthatrestaurantisverygood.［析］物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在使用中不可以加s，即它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于特指某一物質(zhì)時可以加定冠詞。如：

28、Idontlikedrinkingcoffeebutthecoffeeinthatcupisreallygood.［誤］Pleasegivemetwowaters.［正］Pleasegivemetwoglassesofwater.［正］Pleasegivemetwocoffees.［析］物質(zhì)名詞如要加計量時，一定要加量詞，如：twocupsofteatwoglassesofwateraglassofmilkaloafofbreadap

29、ieceofbreadaboxofsugarabowlofriceabottleofangeabagofearth例：Illtellyouapieceofgoodnews.但只有coffee可以用coffees來取代manycupsofcoffee.［誤］Canyougivemethenewspaperoftoday［正］Canyougivemetodaysnewspaper［析］加s構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或物。如：Mar

30、yshair，但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對時間、距離等名詞的所有格多用s來構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如：afiveminuteswalk.［誤］Pleasemakearoomftheladyintheschoolbus.［正］Pleasemakeroomftheladyintheschoolbus.［析］英語中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意的，如：room為可數(shù)名詞時為“房間”，如：IliveinRoom5.而room為抽象名詞時為空間上面一句

31、話應(yīng)譯為“請給老婦人在校車上留個地方?！边@樣的詞還有：glass玻璃glasses眼鏡stone石頭astone一塊石頭time時間twotimes兩次wood木頭woods樹林［誤］Thereisaflowersgardenbehindmyhouse.［正］Thereisaflowergardenbehindmyhouse.［析］名詞除了在句中作主語、賓語、表語外，還可以用來修飾另一個名詞，這時作修飾詞的名詞一般要用單數(shù)形式，如：sh

32、oefacty(鞋廠)postoffice(郵局)eveningpaper(晚報)nightschool(夜校)headmaster(校長)alawschool(法律學(xué)院)。但也有例外，如:agoodstrain(貨車)sptsmeeting(運(yùn)動會)。［誤］Mymotherboughttwofishesfsupperthismning.［正］Mymotherboughttwofishfsupperthismning.［析］英語中有些名

33、詞單復(fù)同形，如：fishdeersheepChinese(中國人)means(方法)。所以應(yīng)講onefishtwofishoneChinesetwoChinese.如果講Therearefivefishesinthepool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條魚。［誤］Maryexpressedherthanktoherboyfriend.［正］Maryexpressedherthankstoherboyfriend.［析］英語中有些名詞只有

34、復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：thanksgreens，而有些詞單數(shù)形式與復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞意。如:clothes為衣服，而cloth則是布，s沙子，而ss是沙灘。［誤］Iofferedmysonmycongratulationonhissuccess.［正］Iofferedmysonmycongratulationsonhissuccess.［析］英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shakehs.［誤］Wehavefive

35、Germaninthismeeting.［正］WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.［析］英國人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen，而German則要加s，因為它不是由國名與man的組合詞。［誤］TherearetwoAsinthiswd.［正］TherearetwoAsinthiswd.［析］在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s，但如字母是A、I時，為了防止與As和Is相混，則要用s即As，