初中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)課件免費(fèi)下載

1、Nouns名詞,名 詞 表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)的名稱或者抽象概念的詞 分為專有名詞和普通名詞,專有名詞 表示個(gè)別的人、事物、地點(diǎn)等專有的名稱。專有名詞第一個(gè)字母要大寫 * Lucy * China * the Summer Palace,普通名詞 分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 ★可數(shù)名詞 表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)等的名稱?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式之分,名詞的

2、單數(shù)形式 一般可用a來修飾 * a car *a book 在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用 an * an elephant

3、 * an apple 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：a useful machine,名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1.復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法 (1) 一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“s”/s/or/z/ * dog – dogs * book – books (2) 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加“es”/iz/ *box – boxes *watch – watches,(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變

4、y為i加“es” /iz/ * country – countries * factory – factories 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的名詞則只須加“s” * boy – boys * monkey – monkeys,(4) 以o結(jié)尾的名詞加“s” /z/ * radio – radios * zoo – zoos 只有 potato tomato加“es”構(gòu)成復(fù)

5、數(shù) potato – potatoes tomato – tomatoes (5) 以f、fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,變f、fe 為v再加“es” /vz/ * half – halves * shelf – shelves *knife – knives * leaf – leaves,2.特殊變化的單詞 (1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形 Chinese – Chinese fish – fish

6、 Japanese – Japanese sheep – sheep (2)變?cè)糇帜竜o為ee tooth – teeth foot – feet,3.變man為 men man – men woman – women policeman – policemen Frenchman – Frenchmen 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：German(德國

7、人) – Germans 4. 其它形式 child – children mouse – mice,5.一些合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成分兩種情況 (1)將中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) girlfriend – girlfriends grandchild – grandchildren (2) man,woman 構(gòu)成的合成詞，每個(gè)名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù) a man d

8、octor – men doctors a woman teacher – women teachers,6.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞 people clothes police trousers glasses 這些名詞作主語時(shí)，注意它們的謂語用復(fù)數(shù) * My clothes are newer than yours. * The police

9、often come here.,7.可用how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, some，a lot of 等修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) *There are a few people in the park. *How many knives are there in your pencil-box?,★不可數(shù)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞如: water，rice，fish，m

10、eat 等。 特別記?。?work chalk time space music money weather cotton homework wood information news medicine,1.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時(shí)?？闯蓡螖?shù) *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news.

11、2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home.,3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量,單復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)在of 前面的名詞上，而 of 后始終是單數(shù)

12、 *There is a piece of paper in the book. *Three glasses of orange are on the desk.,注意：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來表示， of 后用復(fù)數(shù) * There are two bags of clothes over there. * We have five boxes of apples.,4.有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下可

13、相互轉(zhuǎn)化，同一個(gè)詞，但意思不同 (1) glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) paper(紙) – a paper(報(bào)紙) work(工作) – a work(著作) room(空間) – a room(房間),(2) fruit(水果) – fruits (各種水果) fish(魚) – fishes(各種魚) hair(所有頭

14、發(fā)) – hairs (幾根頭發(fā)) time(時(shí)間) – times(時(shí)代),名詞的一般用法★名詞做定語 1.修飾另一名詞時(shí),一般用單數(shù) * He has two pencil-boxes. * There are three banana trees over there. 2.man woman用做定語時(shí),應(yīng)與后面的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致 *We need a man teache

15、r. *They are all women workers.,3.sports,clothes做定語時(shí),仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式 *a sports field *a clothes shop 4. 當(dāng)數(shù)詞與單位名詞一起做定語時(shí)， 單位名詞往往用單數(shù)形式,數(shù)詞與單位名詞用“-”連接。 *He is a fourteen-year-old boy. *This is a two-hour pl

16、an.,★名詞做主語時(shí),應(yīng)注意名詞的數(shù)，避免主謂不一致。 * Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers. 她家是一個(gè)大家庭,她的家人都是老師。 *There is a pair of glasses on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡,名詞所有格 表示名詞間的所有關(guān)系“ …的”一.名詞所有格的構(gòu)

17、成方法 1.單數(shù)名詞后加“’ s” *Tom ’ s book *my friend’ s uncle 2.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則在s后加“ ’”即可 *Teachers ’ Day *two weeks ’ holiday,3.不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,仍按慣例加“’ s” * Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes 4.用of加名詞，構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系的短

18、語，主要用于表示無生命名詞的所有關(guān)系 *the color of the wall *a picture of the classroom,二.名詞所有格的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn) 1.可用名詞所有格表示地點(diǎn), 地點(diǎn)名詞習(xí)慣上省略 * my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家） * go to the teachers’ ( office） (去老師辦公室）  2

19、.有些名詞的所有格可用兩種形式 *the cat’s name / the name of the cat *China’s capital/ the capital of China,3.表示兩人共同擁有,在最后一個(gè)名詞后加“’s” * Lucy and Lily’s room 露西和莉莉的房間（兩人共有一間房間） 請(qǐng)區(qū)別: Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms 露西的房間

20、和莉莉的房間 （兩人各有一間房間）,Article冠詞,冠 詞 虛詞，本身無獨(dú)立的意義， 它用來幫助說明名詞所指的人或物是泛指還是特指 不定冠詞a, an（泛指） 定冠詞 the （特指）,1.不定冠詞的用法 1)表示某人(事物)的某一種類 * My father is a driver. * Do you like an apple or a pear?

21、2) 表示某一事物中的任何一個(gè) *An elephant is bigger than a horse. *A monkey can climb trees.,3)表示某人某物,但不具體說明何人何物。 *A student from Class Two runs fastest. *A man is calling now. 4)表示數(shù)量， 有“一” 的含義 *There is a flo

22、wer in the vase. *A panda has a mouth , a nose，two eyes.,5)有些不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一種”、“一場”、“一堆”時(shí)， 須加不定冠詞 *a heavy snow *a strong wind *make a fire *have a good time 6)用于固定詞組 *half an hour *a moment ago * a l

23、ot of *have a rest *a little a few *a pair if,2.定冠詞的用法 1)指上文提到過的人或物,用定冠詞the 2)世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前用定冠詞the *the sun *the moon *the earth 3)定冠詞the用于序數(shù)詞前或表示方位的名詞前和形容詞最高級(jí)前 *the first *the best *in the

24、south,4)樂器名稱前用定冠詞the * play the piano * play the violin 5)在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，?？闯蓮?fù)數(shù) *The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. =The Brown family are going to Shanghai for a holiday th

25、is summer.,6)在一些形容詞前，表示一類人 *the rich 富人 *the old 老人 *the deaf 聾子 在一些專有名詞和習(xí)慣用語中常用定冠詞the * the Great Wall *by the way *in the morning *on the right *behind the chair *all the time,3.不用冠詞

26、 1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年、學(xué)科等詞前不用冠詞 *in summer *in August *on Sunday *study physics 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：in the spring of 1945 (特指,加the ) 2)一日三餐和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名詞前不用冠詞 *have breakfast

27、*play football,3)名詞前已有this, that, my, your, some, any,each作定語,不用冠詞 * They met here this morning. * Each boy has a workbook. 4)一些專有名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、稱呼、頭銜不用冠詞 China Grade Two Mr.Li Dr.Liu m

28、eat,5）表示顏色、語種、國家前不用冠詞 * in purple * in red * Japanese * Britain 6）固定詞組 * go to bed * by bus * at night * in time,4.在有些詞組中,有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同★ in front of 在…前面

29、 in the front of 在…范圍內(nèi)的前部 *There is a tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵樹 * The teachers’ desk is in the front of the classroom. 講臺(tái)在教室的前部,★ in hospital (生病)住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里

30、 *He’s ill in hospital. 他生病住院。 *My parents work in the hospital. 我的父母在醫(yī)院工作。,Exercises,用名詞的正確形式填空1 He cut the apple into ________ (half).2 The ________ (potato) are mine.3 How many ________ (

31、family) are there in this town?4 There are ten ________ (deer) on the farm.5 These ________ (German) are __________ (businessman).6 Last week we went to the __________ (child) Park.,halves,potatoes,families,deer,G

32、ermans,businessmen,Children’s,改錯(cuò)1. It’s a hard work.2.We don’t have any class on Sundays.3. The room’s windows are very big..,It’s hard work.,We don’t have any classes on Sundays.,The windows of the room are very

33、big.,4 How many milk is there in the bag?5.Could I have three papers ,please？6.These two pieces of bread is over there.,How much milk is there in the bag?,Could I have three pieces of paper ,please？,These two pieces

34、of bread are over there.,( )1 I found ____ good news in ____ newspaper. A. a, a B.a piece of , a piece of C.a, a piece of D. a piece of , a( )2 What ____ it is today!

35、 A. a fine weather B. fine weather C. fine a weather D. the fine weather( )3 To their _____ , they have all passed the exam. A. surprise B. surprising C. surpri

36、ses D. surprised,D,B,A,( )4 Lucy is ____ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s( )5 Please make ____ for him. He is very tired.

37、 A. any room B. any room C. some rooms D. some room( )6 The model plane was made by a ____ boy. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older C. ten-year-old D.

38、 ten-year old,D,D,C,( ) 7 He went to the ____ to buy a pair of shoes. A shoes store B shoe store C shoe’s store D shoes’ store ( ) 8 I will give you ____ to finish it.

39、 A two week’s time B two weeks’ time C two week time D two weeks time( ) 9 The two bedroom are the ____. A twins B twin’s C twins’ D twins,B,B,C,( ) 10 This is an old photo of

40、 mine when I ____. A have short hairs B had short hairs C have short hair D had short hair( ) 11 I think the country is much more beautiful than any other ____ in the world. A c

41、ountry B countries C the country D the countries( ) 12 John’s uncle has many friends. Mr. Shute is a friend of ____. A John’s uncle B John uncle’s C John’s uncle’s D John uncl

42、e,D,A,C,Exercises1 There is ________ “m” in ________ word “mother”.2 Did you play ________ basketball or play ________ piano after _______school?3 Turn right at ________ third crossing on ________ left.4 They got to