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1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯外文題目Imperfectcompetitionintherecyclingindustry外文出處MetroeconomicaFeb2005Vol.56Issue1p124.外文作者ThomasEichner原文：原文：IMPERFECTCOMPETITIONINTHERECYCLINGINDUSTRYABSTRACTWestudythemarketallocationinaneconomywheremat

2、erialisusedfproducingaconsumptiongoodthenrecycledfinallylfilledwherearecyclingfirmhasmarketpower.Thematerialcontentconstitutesanaspectofgreenproductdesignaffectstherecyclingcosts.Althoughtherecyclingfirm’ssupplyofrecycli

3、ngservicesisinefficientlylowitdoesnotabuseitsmarketpowertodistttheproductdesignallocation.Differentpolicyschemesareproposedwhichcrectfmarketfailures.Onepromisingcidateisarelativerecyclingstardcombinedwithaconsumptiongood

4、’staxamaterialsubsidyasubsidyonrecyclingservices.1.INTRODUCTIONInrecentyearsmanycountrieshavemadestrongefftstostimulaterecyclingindertoreducethewasteflow.AprominentcaseinpointisGermanywherewastemanagementwasreganizedaccd

5、ingtotheGermangreendotprogramfrom1990theLawofCircularMaterialFlows(KreislaufwirtschaftsundAbfallgesetz)from1996.Closelyrelatedtotheproblemofwasteavoidanceisthequestionofhowtodesignproductsgreenersothattheyarebetterrecycl

6、able.Existingstudieshavecontributedtotheunderstingofproductdesignrecycling.Theanalyseshavebeencarriedoutinstaticpartialgeneralequilibriummodelsencompassingthewholelifecycleofaconsumptiongoodassumingthatagentsactunderperf

7、ectcompetition.Differentfacetsofproductdesignhavebeeninvestigated:Fullertonmunicipalstheassociatedmunicipalitiesobligateasingleafewrecyclingfirmsinadditioninstructionsarelaiddowninlongtermcontracts.Therefeinourviewthestu

8、dyofregionalrecyclingmonopoliesoligopoliesisofspecialinterest.Asafirststeptowardsimperfectcompetition.werestrictourattentiontothemonopolycase.Inadditionwerefrainfromtheafementionedinstitutionalfactsfsimplicityassumethatp

9、roducersrecyclersdobusinesswitheachotherwithoutusingdlemen.Inenvironmentaleconomicstheistsfavindirectregulationthroughappropriatepricesignals(taxessubsidiesgesfeesadministrativepricesetc.).Incontrastpoliticiansbureaucrat

10、spreferdirectregulationthroughcommcontrolregulatystards.Inparticularrelativestardspossessadvantagesincomparisontoenvironmentaltaxes.Theirimplementationmonitingismuchsimplertherefetheadministrativecostsofrelativestardsare

11、lowerthanthoseofenvironmentaltaxes.Theabovementionedproductdesignliteraturereflectsthissituation.Sincethepapersarewrittenbytheiststheydealwithtaxessubsidiesnoneofthemdealswithstards.InthepracticeoftheDSDwefindarelativere

12、cyclingstardwhichisarestrictiononthequantityofrecycledmaterialperunitofmaterialembodiedinconsumptionresidualsleviedonthemonopolisticrecycler.Table1(Staudtetal.(1997p.27))listsrelativerecyclingstardsrelativetopackagingmat

13、erials.Allmaterialshaveincommonthattheirrelativerecyclingstardsroseoverthelast5years.Inthepresentpaperweelabateapartialequilibriummodelinwhichaconsumptiongoodisproducedconsumedrecycledfinallylfilled.Table1.Recyclingstard

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