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1、外文翻譯原文PtcompetitionbetweenShanghaiNingboMaterialsource：SchoolofMarineScienceTechnologyUniversityofNewcastleuponTyneUKAuth：KEVINCULLINAheobjectiveofthispaperistoanalysetherelativecompetitivenessoftheneighbouringcontainerp

2、tsofShanghaiNingboinChinatodevelopaviewofthelikelyfutureoutcomeofthecompetitionbetweenthem.Afterassessingthedemftheirserviceswithinwhatishypothesizedasasharedhinterlcurrentsupplyfutureexpansionplansaredetailedconsideredw

3、ithinthetwopts’widerdevelopmentstrategies.Therelativecompetitivenessofthetwoptsisthenevaluatedonthebasisofpricequalityofserviceasembodiedwithintheconceptofgeneralizedcostasincurredbycustomers.Acriticalpoliticaldimensioni

4、sanecessaryelementofthisanalysis.ItisconcludedthatcontinuedeconomicdevelopmentinthehinterlcentralgovernmentpoliciesonregionaldevelopmentChina’saccessiontotheWldTradeganization(WTO)willallcontributetogrowingdemfptservices

5、.HoweverNingbowillcontinuetogaingreatermarketshareastheresultofadvantagesinitsnaturalendowments(particularlydepthofwater)price(especiallyintermsofrecoveringthecostofcapacityexpansions)qualityofserviceimprovementsthatarep

6、redictedtoemergeastheresultofcurrentlyplannedenhancementstoinltransptinfrastructurelogisticalsystems.1.IntroductionChineseptshledawldrecd58millionTEUin2004anincreaseof10million(20.8%)overthepreviousyear[1].Vastptexpansio

7、nschemesareplannedineverycoastalprovincemunicipalgovernmentsareinheatedcompetitionfcentralgovernmentapprovalfeigndirectinvestment(FDI).Ascanbeseeninfigure1therearethreemainregionswhereostensiblyintenseinternecinecompetit

8、ionexistsbetweenptsinmainlChina.ThisanalysishoweverfocusesonmainlChina’scentraleasternseaboard.InsodoingthereareonlyreallytwoptsthatmeritseriousconsiderationShanghaiNingbo[2–4].Injustificationofthisassertionin2002totalco

9、ntainerthroughputfproximityoftheigindestinationofashipmenttooneotherofthePtcompetitionbetweenShanghaiNingbo333Figure5.ThedistributionofcargoiginsdestinationsintheShanghai–Ningbohinterl.Figure4.Recentannualgrowthratesinco

10、ntainerthroughputfShanghaiNingboofaparticularcontainermovement.3.Currentfuturesupply3.1ShanghaicontainerptContainerthroughputattheptofShanghaigrewbyamassiveannualrateof35.8%to8.61millionTEUin2002accountingf23.3%ofChina’s

11、totalthroughputof37millionTEU[17].ThismadeShanghaithewld’sfourthlargestcontainerptin2002oustingKaohsiungfromthetopfour.Since2002Shanghaihasmoveduptonumberthreeinthewldcontainerptleaguehascontinuedtoregisterphenomenalannu

12、algrowthratesincontainerthroughputof31.0%in200329.1%in2004[18].ThemainptenterpriseinShanghaiistheShanghaiInternationalPtGroup(SIPG)whichwasestablishedduringthereconstitutionoftheShanghaiPtAuthityCompaniessuchastheShangha

13、iPtContainerCoWaigaoqiaoBondedZonePtCo.thatarementionedintable1aspartownersofsomeofShanghai’scontainerterminalsareitssubsidiaries.TheShanghaimunicipalgovernmenthasmadevaliantetstoimprovethecapacityofShanghaipt.TheWaigaoq

14、iaodeepwaterprojectwhichwasstartedin1993isoneofthelargestptconstructionsinChina.Thegoaloftheprojectistocreateaharbourareaof1.63squarekilometreswithadepthof13metrescapableofaccommodatinguptofourcontainershipsof4000TEU.Alt

15、houghPhaseVofthisprojectbecameoperationalin2004itstillneedstimetobefullycompletedquestionsremainoverthefeasibilityofmaintaininga13metredepthduetothesiltingoftheriver.Currentlyamaximumdraughtrestrictionof11metresgreatlyim

16、pedesthefurtherdevelopmentofShanghaiasatrulyinternationalcontainerhubpt.ManydredgingprojectsareunderwaybeingplannedintheYangtzeRiverestuarytosolvethisproblem.ThedeepeningofthenavigationalchannelthroughthemouthoftheYangtz

17、eRiverhasbeeninprogresssince1998theentireprojectwilltakeUponcompletionthe48kilometrechannelwillbeexpedto300metreswide12.5metresdeep(14metresathightide).ThiswillbeanimptantimprovementsinceatpresentsomevesselsdockingintheH

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