外文翻譯基于gis_gps_gprs技術的露天礦卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調度信息系統(tǒng)

1、<p><b>　　漢語翻譯</b></p><p>　　基于GIS/GPS/GPRS技術的露天礦卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調度信息系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　摘要 卡車和電鏟監(jiān)控調度系統(tǒng)，是一個集GIS, GPS 和 GPRS技術的智能的系統(tǒng)已經在露天礦得到了應用和發(fā)展。這個系統(tǒng)可以監(jiān)測和調度露天礦卡車和電鏟，并可以回放它們的歷史路徑。將這個智能的數據計算程序在實際應

2、用，可以計算卡車運行和電鏟裝載的次數?，F場實驗證實了這個系統(tǒng)是穩(wěn)定的，可以滿足露天礦的生產要求。</p><p>　　關鍵詞 GIS;GPS;GPRS;調度；數據處理；露天礦</p><p><b>　　1.引言</b></p><p>　　到目前為止，全世界的卡車監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，已經到達高度成熟的水平，如美國模塊公司的調度監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。在多樣化

3、的生產中，被稱為“智能開采”的檢測調度系統(tǒng)，已被發(fā)展成為一個管理和決策的平臺。在1998年，該系統(tǒng)被引入到中國的江西德興銅礦。它明顯地提高了露天礦設備的效率、提高了管理水平，并獲得更好的綜合效益。 2003年，丹東東方測控技術有限公司和齊大山鐵礦共同開發(fā)了一套露天礦山的卡車調度管理系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　該系統(tǒng)已成為日常生產中不可或缺的管理工具。必須強調指出，該系統(tǒng)的成本太高，這也是最大的缺點。主要的原因是在

4、每一個露天礦都要建立和維護一個獨立的通信網絡，許多露天礦無法承受這樣的花費。然而，利用GIS(利用地理信息系統(tǒng))/GPS(全球定位系統(tǒng))/ GPRS(通用分組無線業(yè)務)技術，沒有必要在每一個露天建立獨立的通信網絡。該網絡可以通過第三方（如中國移動通信有限公司）進行維護和升級。這可以大大降低成本，并提供了一個良好的平臺，為中型和小型露天礦建立了一種快速，高效，和實用的地面運輸系統(tǒng)。這種系統(tǒng)是非常重要的，在露天礦山前所未有的程度上提高勞動生

5、產率，降低開采成本和促進采礦技術的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　2.地理信息系統(tǒng)/全球定位系統(tǒng)/ 通用分組無線業(yè)務</p><p>　　2.1地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）</p><p>　　地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）是一種收集，存儲，管理，分析，顯示和應用地理信息的計算機系統(tǒng)。這是一種可以分析和處理大量的地理數據的綜合性技術。它以地理空間數據庫為基礎，采用地理模型分析方法，提

6、供多種空間和動態(tài)的地理信息，并作為地理研究和決策工具。它的一些基本功能，如電子地圖，空間數據管理和空間信息的分析。地理信息系統(tǒng)已經應用在許多領域建立各種空間數據庫和決策支持系統(tǒng)，各有不同的標準，并提供許多不同的方案，如：空間查詢、空間分析、援助計劃和管理決策。</p><p>　　迄今為止，地理信息系統(tǒng)已經進入礦山。這項技術已逐步在露天礦山應用于追蹤卡車和電鏟的監(jiān)測調度信息系統(tǒng)。監(jiān)測和管理的生產設備，這在很大程度

7、上取決于地理空間信息。因此，地理信息系統(tǒng)在屏幕監(jiān)控汽車運輸環(huán)節(jié)、實時動態(tài)管理和決策分析上都扮演重要得角色。</p><p>　　2.2全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）</p><p>　　全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）是一種衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng)，是由在軌道運行的24顆衛(wèi)星構成的一個網絡。它們地面站由美國國防部管理。至少利用三顆（4顆或更多的衛(wèi)星）在二維位置（經度和緯度）的軌道運動的衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的信號來鎖定GPS接收器，

8、來確定卡車的三維位置（緯度，經度和海拔）。一旦確定卡車的位置，全球定位系統(tǒng)可以確定卡車的其他信息，如速度，運行方向，運行軌跡，運行距離，上班和下班時間及更多。全球定位系統(tǒng)可以在各種天氣條件下，任何地方，全天候的運行。使用全球定位系統(tǒng)沒有認購費或建設費用。</p><p>　　迄今為止，GPS接收器正變得越來越便攜，越來越便宜，有越來越多的露天礦山應用GPS技術。在露天礦山使用全球定位系統(tǒng)，卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調度信息系

9、統(tǒng)，可以提供卡車和電鏟的精確位置（經度和緯度）、運行速度、運行方向、運行周期、運行軌跡和更多的基本信息。</p><p>　　2.3通用分組無線業(yè)務(GPRS)</p><p>　　通用分組無線業(yè)務（GPRS）是一個GSM二代和分組無線業(yè)務的結合，可以提供快速的數據傳輸速度。從理論上說，這項技術的數據傳輸速度比目前應用的電路交換數據服務的GSM網絡快10倍。GPRS使用和GSM相同的頻率范

10、圍，帶寬，快分結構的無線調制標準，跳頻規(guī)則和TDMA幀結構。</p><p>　　在露天礦山，卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調度信息系統(tǒng)在很大程度上使用的GPRS的優(yōu)勢，如更快的速度、需要時的即時連接和按數據量收費。它可以提供實時的無線傳輸，是非?？鞜o需撥號的調制解調器連接到全球定位系統(tǒng)設備的位置信息。這是非常重要的，因為GPS定位信息的空間，只有少量的數據和需要頻繁交轉。因此，該系統(tǒng)可以很好地利用GPRS網絡傳輸GPS定位信息

11、。</p><p>　　3.卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調度系統(tǒng)的原理</p><p>　　3.1卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調度系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　監(jiān)測調度系統(tǒng)由車載可移動的終端設備、通訊網絡和一個監(jiān)測中心組成，如圖1所示。在該系統(tǒng)中，移動終端接收GPS信號，然后計算出車輛的緯度，經度，角度，高度和速度。移動終端的其他接口可以通過許多控制線來獲得其他車輛的信息。各種信息通過GPRS和互

12、聯網傳送至監(jiān)控中心。GPRS，作為一個移動終端和監(jiān)控中心之間的電信網絡，主要是傳輸車輛的位置和狀態(tài)信息以及警報至監(jiān)測中心，反過來又把調度和控制命令傳遞給移動終端設備。</p><p>　　在監(jiān)測中心，由通信服務器，數據庫服務器和控制臺連接構成一個百兆局域網。監(jiān)測中心控制系統(tǒng)的軟件系統(tǒng)接收和處理來自控制車輛的各種信息。這些監(jiān)測和派遣車輛的方位，路徑和其他信息在監(jiān)測中心的顯示器和LED多媒體電子地圖上顯示。此外，該系

13、統(tǒng)可在其他中心不同的區(qū)域設立監(jiān)測和調度子系統(tǒng)。監(jiān)測中心可以獨立或相對獨立的監(jiān)測調度這個分中心的功能。</p><p>　　圖1 監(jiān)測調度系統(tǒng)結構圖</p><p>　　3.2卡車和電鏟的數據處理系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　卡車和電鏟的數據處理系統(tǒng)，首先通過GPS和GPRS實時找到現場卡車的位置；然后通過安裝在電鏟上的移動終端來確定裝載礦物的位置A（經度，緯度），通過全

14、球定位系統(tǒng)設備來確定卸載礦物的位置B（經度，緯度）；通過安裝在卡車上的終端設備來確定卡車的實時位置C（經度，緯度）。如圖2所示。</p><p>　　圖2 數據運算示意圖</p><p>　　4. 三道莊露天礦卡車和電鏟的監(jiān)測調度信息系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　在三道莊露天礦是洛陽欒川鉬業(yè)集團的下屬企業(yè)，總產量為1000萬t。開采境界長度為2350m，寬度為1350

15、m；開采高程在1630.8m水平到1114m水平之間；開采深度為516.8m，臺階高度12m。采礦使用旋轉式鉆機，電鏟和卡車。運輸系統(tǒng)由若干輛卡車，一臺破碎站，一個溜井和電力機車組成。露天礦卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調度信息系統(tǒng)主要由終端設備和監(jiān)控調度軟件組成。</p><p>　　4.1軟件構成及其功能</p><p>　　4.1.1地理信息系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控調度客戶端（GMDC）</p>&l

16、t;p>　　地理信息系統(tǒng)監(jiān)調度客戶端可以安裝在監(jiān)測中心用來調度、監(jiān)控卡車和電鏟。其功能如下：</p><p>　　1）地圖操作：放大，縮小，漫游，并顯示分層地圖；查詢地圖上任何一點的坐標;計算任意兩個點之間的距離；計算任意一個選定區(qū)域的面積；查詢任意目標的地理信息等。 2）車輛顯示：顯示多個不同的卡車或電鏟，例如，根據不同的指令，卡車或電鏟顯示不同顏色和標志。</p><p&g

17、t;　　3）回放歷史路徑：在電子地圖上，可以回放任一卡車在任意一段時間內的行車路線。    4）確定卡車位置：在任何時候都可以查詢任一卡車的當前位置，速度，狀態(tài)和司機情況。   5）指令調度：監(jiān)控中心可以發(fā)出文本形式的調度指令；卡車上自帶的終端可以清晰地顯示。</p><p>　　6）語音調度：監(jiān)控中心可以呼叫任何一個卡車上自帶的用于調度的終端，終端上的紅色指示

18、燈會指示收到指令。 </p><p>　　7）終端信息反饋：卡車上的終端設備能將卡車原有的信息反饋給監(jiān)測中心，這樣調度中心可以及時的處理這些信息。</p><p>　　4.1.2 GPS數據處理客戶端（GDPC）</p><p>　　GPS數據處理功能：記錄卡車的運行時間和電鏟裝載的次數。具體功能如下：   1）記錄卡車運行時間：在某一段

19、時間內，準確記錄每一輛卡車從裝載點到卸車點的運行時間；這些時間段被用戶記錄保存；根據用戶需求，統(tǒng)計的數據結果可以被轉換成班次、月份和季度的報告形式。</p><p>　　2）電鏟裝載次數：準確記錄一段時間內任意一臺電鏟裝載的次數，其他功能與“1）”相同。</p><p>　　4.1.3全球定位系統(tǒng)數據處理服務器（GLDP）   該GPS處理服務器的主要功能是過濾信息，篩選

20、和加工卡車和電鏟的定位數據，以提高準確性性和統(tǒng)計的效率。</p><p>　　4.1.4數據通信控制服務器（DCCS） </p><p>　　通信控制服務器主要通過TCP/IP收集，傳輸數據，分析通信協(xié)議和數據的分發(fā)；這一部分還負責業(yè)務處理（監(jiān)控，調度等）和其他數據連接（定位數據輸入，狀態(tài)，車輛更新等）。</p><p>　　4.1.5數據庫管理系統(tǒng)（DBMS）

21、  數據庫管理系統(tǒng)主要負責數據庫，根據車輛、司機和操作者的情況增加、刪除、修改或提取數據，并定期備份數據，然后刪除它。</p><p>　　4.2系統(tǒng)應用程序安裝</p><p>　　整個系統(tǒng)安裝的過程如下：    1）前期準備：露天礦的地形是復雜的，通信信號不好，甚至有通信盲區(qū)。中國移動通信公司在該區(qū)域建立了通信基站和中繼器，解決了露天礦信號差的問

22、題。</p><p>　　2）終端安裝：該類型的終端（HQ60006-T10）是由深圳華強集團有限公司提供的，在較早時期已經有75輛卡車和電鏟安裝了該型號終端設備。</p><p>　　該終端主要由主機、GPS天線、GPRS天線、顯示屏、紅色的指示燈、耳機、音箱以及麥克風組成。安裝完畢后，終端需要調試。使用一個操作手柄來設置各主要部件的參數（號碼、網絡協(xié)議、端口等）。</p>

23、<p>　　3）軟件安裝：該系統(tǒng)有五個子系統(tǒng)。安裝結構示意圖如圖3所示。數據通信控制系統(tǒng)連接在公司的網絡服務器；定位數據處理系統(tǒng)和數據庫管理服務器連接在公司的數據庫服務器；數據處理客戶端以及卡車和電鏟的監(jiān)控客戶端連接在露天礦監(jiān)測中心。</p><p>　　圖3 部署結構示意圖</p><p>　　4）坐標標定：首先，應該更新現有的露天礦地形圖。利用AutoCAD2006，我們可

24、以把它從DWG格式轉換為DXF格式。然后我們就可以參照原地形圖來制作新的DXF格式地形圖。建立一個經緯網（ wgs84 ），并選擇了幾個坐標：第一點的大地測量坐標是：（ 6755.3044 ，4850.7990），緯度/經度坐標（111.506202，33.91905）；第二點是：（6459.1221，5482.2094） ，緯度/經度坐標（111.50295，33.92468）。它們的參照結果如圖4所示。在設置好電子地圖的格式后，將電

25、子地圖由MapX5.0保存為Geoset格式。</p><p><b>　　圖4 坐標登記</b></p><p>　　5）系統(tǒng)調試：考慮到實際情況，許多參數需要在該系統(tǒng)中調試。最重要的參數是露天礦所有掃描區(qū)域的劃分。目前有五個掃描區(qū)域，一號、二號、三號破碎站，南溝和預備開采區(qū)。他們主要通過掃描多輛卡車往返路徑的方法，來確定該地區(qū)的參數。除此之外，在一些特殊的地區(qū)域，

26、不規(guī)則的掃描區(qū)域可以用點和直線的方式來確定。軟件系統(tǒng)的操作界面如圖5所示。</p><p><b>　　圖5 軟件操作外觀</b></p><p><b>　　4.3運行系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　2007年3月三道莊露天礦開始應用監(jiān)測調度信息系統(tǒng)。自應用起有些問題就已經出現，如全球定位系統(tǒng)的精密性。通過優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)軟件

27、，這些問題已經得到解決。經過現場實驗證實，該系統(tǒng)性能穩(wěn)定。它不僅可以跟蹤和定位卡車，查看行車路線，自動監(jiān)測車輛，還可以通過語音和指令調度卡車，準確計算卡車和電鏟的工作量。圖6列舉了一些卡車數據系統(tǒng)結果。</p><p><b>　　圖6 卡車生產數據</b></p><p><b>　　5 .結論</b></p><p>

28、　　1）基于GIS / GPS / GPRS技術的露天礦卡車和電鏟的監(jiān)測調度信息系統(tǒng)，是一多功能，實時，高效的軟件系統(tǒng)。實際應用表明，該系統(tǒng)提高了開采過程勞動生產率和生產調度的效率，節(jié)省了大量的投資和運輸費用。</p><p>　　2）從GPS精確的數據看，該系統(tǒng)能確定卡車的運行時間和電鏟的裝載時間。其精確程度是99％~100％ 。該系統(tǒng)大大節(jié)省了勞動成本，減少了人為因素對生產調度的影響，并為鐵礦石的匹配提供了準

29、確的依據。    3）該系統(tǒng)在實現卡車和信息管理自動化方面是非常重要的，這當然適用于其他露天礦山。</p><p>　　鳴謝  本人非常感謝洛陽欒川鉬業(yè)集團有限公司和深圳華強集團有限公司的合作，同時也感謝其他參與者的支持。</p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　Monito

30、ring dispatch information system of trucks and</p><p>　　shovels in an open pit based on GIS/GPS/GPRS</p><p>　　Abstract Using GIS, GPS and GPRS, an intelligent monitoring and dispatch system of

31、trucks and shovels in an open pit has been designed and developed. The system can monitor and dispatch open-pit trucks and shovels and play back their historical paths. An intelligent data algorithm is proposed in a prac

32、tical applicat-</p><p>　　ion. The algorithm can count the times of deliveries of trucks and loadings of shovels. Experiments on real scenes show that the performance of this system is stable and can satisfy

33、production standards in open pits. </p><p>　　Keywords GIS; GPS; GPRS; dispatch; data processing; open pit</p><p>　　1 . Introduction</p><p>　　To date the development of truck monito

34、ring dinpatch systems in the world, such as the DISPATCH monitoring system of the American Module Company has reached a highly mature level and is almost univernal. It has developed into a decision-making platform by man

35、agement as a control system in multi-direction-</p><p>　　al mining production, called Intellimine. In 1998, DISPATCH was introduced into the Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi, China. It has clearly enhanced the

36、service efficiency of equipment, improved the management level in the open pits and obtained better overall benefits. In 2003, the Dandong Dong-fang Measurement and Control Technology Co. Ltd.,together with the Qidashan

37、Iron Mine have developed a dispatch management system for trucks in open pits.</p><p>　　The system has become indispensable to daily production management. It must be emphatically pointed out that the greate

38、st disadvantage of these systems is that they cost too much. The major cause is that an independent communication network needs to be established and maintained by every open pit. Many mines can not afford such a system.

39、 However, using GIS/GPS/GPRS technologies, it is not necessary to establish independent communication networks in every open pit. The network can be maintaine</p><p>　　2 . GIS/GPS/GPRS</p><p>

40、;<b>　　2.1 GIS</b></p><p>　　The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one kind of computer system gathering, storing, managing,analyzing, demonstrating and applying geographic</p><p&g

41、t;　　information. It is a general technology that can analyze and process enormous </p><p>　　amounts of geographic data. It takes a geographic space database as its foundat-</p><p>　　ion, uses a

42、geographic model analysis method to provide many kinds of spatial</p><p>　　and dynamic geographic information and serves as a geographic research and</p><p>　　decision-making tool. It has some b

43、asic functions such as electronic mapping, spatial data management and spatial information analysis. GIS has been applied in many fields to establish all kinds of spatial databases and decision support systems,each with

44、different criteria and provide answers to many different formal spatial inquiries, spatial analyses and assistance plans and decision-making func-</p><p><b>　　tions.</b></p><p>　　To

45、date, GIS has pits. The task been gradually applied in open of a monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits is to track, monitor and manage production equipment,which depends largely on geo

46、graphic spatial information. Therefore GIS plays an important role in visual supervisory systems of trucks, real-time dynamic management and assistance in decision analysis.</p><p><b>　　2.2 GPS</b&g

47、t;</p><p>　　The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed in orbit. Their ground stations are</p><p>　　managed by the U.

48、S. Department of Defense.</p><p>　　A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movements. With four</p>&l

49、t;p>　　or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the 3D position of trucks (latitude, longitude and elevation). Once the position of the truck has been dete-</p><p>　　rmined, the GPS unit can

50、calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance, suprise and sunset time and more. GPS works in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or e

51、stablishment charges to use GPS.</p><p>　　To date, as GPS units are becoming smaller and less expensive, there are an expanding number of applications for GPS in open pits. With GPS, the monitor-</p>

52、<p>　　ing dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits provides cua-</p><p>　　ccurate position (latitude and longitude), speed, bearing, time, track and more basic information of truc

53、ks and shovels.</p><p><b>　　2.3 GPRS</b></p><p>　　The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is one of GSMPhase2+ standard realization contents and can provide fast data transmission sp

54、eed. Theoretically,</p><p>　　this service is ten times faster than the current Circuit Switched Data services on GSM networks. GPRS uses the same frequency range,bandwidth, sharpedged structure wireless modu

55、lation standard,frequency-hopping rule and TDMA frame structure as GSM.</p><p>　　The monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits largely uses the advantages of GPRS such as fast

56、er speed and instant connections as the need arises and charging by amount of data. It can provide realt- ime wire-</p><p>　　less transmission and is very quick without a dial-up modem connection to GPS equ

57、ipment for position information. That is very important because GPS position information has room for only a small amount of data and needs to be transmitted frequently. So this system can make good use of GPRS to transm

58、it GPS position information.</p><p>　　3. Principle of monitoring dispatch system of trucks and shovels</p><p>　　3.1 Monitoring dispatch system of trucks and shovels</p><p>　　The mon

59、itoring dispatch system is composed of mobile terminals carried by vehicles, a communication network and a monitoring center, as shown in Fig.1 .</p><p>　　In this system the mobile terminals receive GPS sign

60、als and then calculate the latitude, longitude, angle, elevation and speed of the vehicles. The expansion interfaces of mobile terminals can also meet many examination and control lines to obtain the information from the

61、 vehicles. Each kind of information is transm-</p><p>　　itted to the monitoring center through GPRS and the Internet. GPRS, as a teleco-</p><p>　　mmunications network between the mobile terminal

62、s and monitoring center, mainly transmits the information on position and condition of the vehicle and information in case of an alarm, to the monitoring center, which in turn transmits dispatch and control commands to t

63、he vehides.</p><p>　　In the monitoring center, the communication server, the database server and the console are connected by a 100M local area network. The monitoring center under control of the system soft

64、ware system receives and processes all kinds of information coming from the controlled vehicles. The position, paths and other information of the vehicles are displayed at LED multimedia monitors and electronic maps in t

65、he monitoring center and from these the vehicles can be monitored and dispatched. Besides, the</p><p>　　3.2 Data processing system of trucks and shovels</p><p>　　The data processing system of tr

66、ucks and shovels at first locates the real-time positions of trucks through GPS and GPRS and then determines the loading mine position A (longitude, latitude) through a terminal on the shovel and the unloading mine posit

67、ion B (longitude, latitude) through GPS equipment. The rea-</p><p>　　ltime location of truck C (longitude, latitude) can be determined according to a terminal installed in the truck,as shown in Fig. 2.</p

68、><p>　　4.Monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in Sandaozhuang open pit</p><p>　　The Sandaozhuang open pit is part of the Luoyang Luanchuan Molybdenum Industry Group Inc. It

69、s output is 1O million tons. Its length is 2350 m, its width 1350 m and its mining elevation is between 1114 and 1630.8 m. The height of mining is 516.8 m and the bench height 12 m. Rotary drilling machines, shovels and

70、trucks are used in this mining process.The transportation system consists of a number of trucks, a crushing station, an ore pass and electric locomotives. The monitoring dispatch informat</p><p>　　4.1 Softw

71、are constitution and its function</p><p>　　4.1.1 GIS monitoring dispatch client (GMDC)</p><p>　　The GIS monitoring dispatch client can be installed in the monitoring center to manage, dispatch a

72、nd monitor trucks and shovels. Its functions are as follows:</p><p>　　1) Map operation: zoom in, zoom out, roam and display lamination maps; display coordinates of a random point on the map; compute the dist

73、ance of two random points; compute the area of a random polygon; inquire about the geographic target information etc.</p><p>　　2) Vehicles display: display the several trucks or shovels differently, e.g., di

74、fferent colors and different marks; do not display trucks or shovels according to</p><p>　　given commands.</p><p>　　3) Playback of historical paths: play back the travel path of any truck at som

75、e time on the electronic map.</p><p>　　4) Inquiry about the location of a truck: inquire current position, speed, condition and driver of any truck at any moment.</p><p>　　5) Instruction dispatc

76、h: the monitoring center can send out dispatch instructions as text; the terminal carried by trucks will clearly indicate and display, with a red light, the dispatch instructions on the terminal.</p><p>　　6)

77、 Pronunciation dispatch: the monitoring center can call any terminal carried by vehicles for dispatch;the red light of the terminal will clearly indicate that</p><p>　　instructions are given and will ring.&l

78、t;/p><p>　　7) Terminal information feedback: the terminal carried by trucks can upload the prefabricated fixed information on the operation surface of the terminal and</p><p>　　return feedback to t

79、he monitoring center which can deal with the information in a timely fashion.</p><p>　　4.1.2 GPS data processing client (GDPC)</p><p>　　The function of the GPS data processing is to record the

80、times delivered by trucks and the times loaded by shovels. The concrete function is as follows:</p><p>　　1) Count of delivery by truck: count accurately the delivery times of each truck from shovels to crush

81、ing stations during some time interval; the interval can be set by users; the statistical results can be transformed to report forms by class, month and season, according to need of the user.</p><p>　　2) Cou

82、nt of loading by shovels: count accurately the loading time during some time interval of each shovel; other functions are the same as in 1). 4.1.3 GPS localization data processing server (GLDP)</p><p>

83、　　The function of the GPS processing server is mainly to filter, extract and process the localization data of trucks and shovels in order to enhance the level of accuracy and statistical efficiency.</p><p>　

84、　4.1.4 Data communication control server (DCCS)</p><p>　　The communication control server mainly gathers,transmits and routes the data through the TCP/IP and analyzes the communication protocol and the dist

85、ribution of data; this part is also in charge of the handling of traffic (monitoring, dispatch etc.) and other data connections (the localization data input, condition, renewal of vehicles, etc. ).</p><p>　　

86、4.1.5 Database management system (DBMS)</p><p>　　The database management system mainly manages the database and increases, deletes, modifies and requires data from vehicles, drivers and operators; it regular

87、ly backs up the data and then deletes it.</p><p>　　4.2 System application deployment</p><p>　　The process of the entire system deployment is as follows:</p><p>　　1)Early preparation

88、: the terrain of the open pit is complex, the communication signals are bad and there are many blind signal zones. A communication base seat and a repeater were built by China Mobile.These measures have solved the signal

89、 problem.</p><p>　　2) Terminal installation: the type of terminals is a HQ60006-T10 provided by the Shenzhen Huaqiang Holdings Ltd. GPS terminals had been installed in 75</p><p>　　trucks and sho

90、vels during an earlier period. The terminal consist mainly of a mainframe, a GPS antenna,a GPRS antenna, a display, a red indicating lamp,</p><p>　　earphones, a sound box as well as a microphone. After insta

91、llation, the terminal needed debugging. It mainly sets the parameters of the main frame (number,IP, port, etc)using an operation handle.</p><p>　　3) Software deployment: there are five sub-systems in the pro

92、ject. A schematic deployment structure is drawn in Fig. 3. The data communication control system is deployed in the web server of the company; the localization data processing system and the database management server ar

93、e deployed in the database server of the company; the data processing client and the monitoring client of trucks and shovels are deployed in the monitoring center of the open pit.</p><p>　　4) Coordinate regi

94、stration: in first instance, the present topographic map of the open pit should be renewed. Under AutoCAD2006 we can transform it from DWG to DXF format. Then we can match the present DXF topographic map to the coordina

95、tes. Establish a longitude/latitude (wgs84) coordinate system and select a couple of coordinates: the geodetic coordinates of the first point are: (6755.3044, 4850.7990),latitude/longitude coordinates (111.506202, 33.919

96、05);</p><p>　　those of the second point are (6459.1221, 5482.2094),latitude/longitude coordinate (111.50295, 33.92468).Their match is shown in Fig, 4. After obtaining the electronic map of Tab format, the el

97、ectronic map is saved as Geoset by MapX5.0.</p><p>　　5) System debugging: Many parameters need to be rationalised in this system, given the real situation.The most important parameters are the demarcations o

98、f all the scanning regions in the open pit. At present there are five scanning regions, those of crushing stations I, II, III, the Nangou trough and the reserve mine.They have mainly adopted the method of scanning return

99、 paths made by many trucks to determine the areas. Besides, in some special terrain, scanning regions of irregular shapes can </p><p>　　4.3 Running the system</p><p>　　The monitoring dispatch i

100、nformation system in the Sandaozhuang open pit has been used since March,2007. Some problems have arisen since then, such as drift and precision of GPS. These have been solved by optimization of the system software. Afte

101、r experiments with real scenes, the performance of the system is stable. It not only can track and localize trucks,play back historical paths, monitor the trucks automatically, but can also dispatch the trucks by voice a

102、nd instructions, count the workload</p><p>　　5. Conclusions</p><p>　　1)Based on GIS/GPS/GPRS technologies, the monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in an open pit is a se

103、t of multi-directional,real-time, highly effective software system. The practical application indicates that the system improves labor productivity and the production scheduling efficiency in mines considerably and save