外文翻譯：驗(yàn)證：愛爾蘭企業(yè)網(wǎng)站實(shí)證研究

1、<p><b>　　河北科技師范學(xué)院</b></p><p>　　本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯</p><p>　　驗(yàn)證：愛爾蘭企業(yè)網(wǎng)站實(shí)證研究</p><p>　　院（系、部）名 稱 ： 教育學(xué)院 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 名 稱： 教育技術(shù)學(xué)

2、</p><p>　　學(xué) 生 姓 名： 趙丹利 </p><p>　　學(xué) 生 學(xué) 號(hào)： 1951150313 </p><p>　　指 導(dǎo) 教 師： 張玉紅 </p><p>　　2016年12月23日</p><p>

3、　　河北科技師范學(xué)院教務(wù)處制 </p><p>　　驗(yàn)證：愛爾蘭企業(yè)網(wǎng)站實(shí)證研究</p><p>　　瑪麗·萊維斯，馬庫斯·赫爾弗特和馬爾科姆·布雷迪</p><p><b>　　一、介紹</b></p><p>　　萬維網(wǎng)（WWW）是目前最大可用的動(dòng)態(tài)分布式信

4、息庫，它自成立以來信息增長迅速。僅僅在愛爾蘭就有超過2,060,000的用戶。在過去的七年里（2000 - 2007年），愛爾蘭互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用量增長了162.8％。在英國增長了144.2％，在歐洲增長了221.5％，全球共增長244.7％[18]?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)在我們生活的許多方面發(fā)揮作用，因此，為了保持競(jìng)爭力和增加收入，企業(yè)需要設(shè)計(jì)更好的網(wǎng)站?；?dòng)對(duì)于吸引訪問者并引導(dǎo)他們進(jìn)行所需的行動(dòng)至關(guān)重要，客戶更有可能返回具有交互性功能的網(wǎng)站。</p&

5、gt;<p>　　網(wǎng)站的主頁應(yīng)該是一個(gè)營銷工具，一個(gè)組織的“廣告牌”。該設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于捕捉觀眾的注意力和興趣至關(guān)重要[25]，所以應(yīng)該以一定的意義和積極的態(tài)度代表公司的形象，這一點(diǎn)很重要。因此，有許多商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)在設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)站時(shí)都會(huì)有自己的網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計(jì)理念。</p><p>　　最基本的如下：應(yīng)該包括主要內(nèi)容、相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)和基本的信息，來設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)安全的，可用的，且用戶友好的Web界面，相對(duì)簡單的導(dǎo)航，來確保使用任何主要

6、的搜索引擎都能找到該網(wǎng)站。在從視覺角度看，網(wǎng)站看起來很吸引人，其他因素常常被忽略，例如驗(yàn)證和安全性，導(dǎo)致用戶體驗(yàn)差和數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量問題。</p><p>　　隨著現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的數(shù)據(jù)不斷變化，因此需要反饋才能保證質(zhì)量。如果它正確網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量的定義，有質(zhì)量的文件，數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)被認(rèn)為是高品質(zhì)的。然而，有一些理解數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的理論框架。紅人[33]和奧爾[27]提出了信息質(zhì)量的控制論模型?？刂普撚^點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，組織是由反饋系統(tǒng)組成的緊密相互作用的反

7、饋系統(tǒng)，將信息質(zhì)量與其使用方式聯(lián)系起來，在反饋周期中，每個(gè)系統(tǒng)的行為被其他行為，變化和產(chǎn)出持續(xù)地修改[2,29，36]。圖1顯示了現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的信息系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　圖1：現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的信息系統(tǒng)[29]</p><p>　　Wang和Strong提出了一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量框架，其中包括表1中概述的固有數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量，可訪問性數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量，語境數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量和表示數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的類別。</p><

8、;p>　　表1 管理員（admin）</p><p>　　網(wǎng)站的質(zhì)量可能與時(shí)效性，易于導(dǎo)航，易于訪問和信息呈現(xiàn)等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相關(guān)聯(lián)。從客戶的角度來看，可用性是Web應(yīng)用程序中最重要的考察因素[8]。</p><p>　　然而，即使遵守所有程序，仍然可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)降低在線體驗(yàn)質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的錯(cuò)誤。例如，可能會(huì)移動(dòng)文件或刪除圖像，從而導(dǎo)致鏈接斷開。導(dǎo)致Web應(yīng)用程序問題的根本原因是網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計(jì)的方法不當(dāng)。&l

9、t;/p><p>　　為了補(bǔ)救這幾種技術(shù)來提升網(wǎng)站的質(zhì)量，例如鏈接檢查器，可訪問性檢查器和代碼驗(yàn)證。為了提高網(wǎng)站的質(zhì)量，結(jié)構(gòu)和頁面布局等方面需要一致和一致。一個(gè)好的網(wǎng)站必須包括防止故障的保護(hù)措施，并提供簡單，用戶友好的數(shù)據(jù)輸入和驗(yàn)證過程。</p><p>　　從文獻(xiàn)綜述來看，信息質(zhì)量的普遍定義是難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的[3,21,26,29,38,42]。根據(jù)[25]技術(shù)上，滿足所有要求的信息是質(zhì)量信息。表

10、2列出了研究質(zhì)量的資深人物對(duì)質(zhì)量的一些理解定義。</p><p>　　表2 管理員（admin）</p><p>　　質(zhì)量的一個(gè)定義是“一個(gè)實(shí)體特征的總體，它承擔(dān)著能夠滿足規(guī)定和隱含需求的能力”[13,14]。這個(gè)定義對(duì)網(wǎng)站評(píng)估做出了兩個(gè)要求。1）對(duì)所有網(wǎng)站的特征進(jìn)行一般估值，2）網(wǎng)站滿足特定需求的程度。</p><p><b>　?。ㄒ唬┫嚓P(guān)工作<

11、/b></p><p>　　Pernici和Scannapieco [28]討論了一組數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量維度，例如周期性，完整性，源可靠性和準(zhǔn)確性，以評(píng)估網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量，以支持對(duì)網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容的正確解釋。 Cusimano Com Corp[4]宣布，有效的網(wǎng)站必須清晰，翔實(shí)，簡潔，圖形化。</p><p>　　Tilton [40]建議Web設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)提供具有與導(dǎo)航結(jié)構(gòu)一致的清晰信息。Hy

12、lnka和Welsh [12]提出了網(wǎng)頁是溝通的來源，應(yīng)該在溝通理論中進(jìn)行分析。</p><p>　　Kelly和Vidgen [16]關(guān)注質(zhì)量評(píng)估方法，電子質(zhì)量和輕量級(jí)質(zhì)量保證方法的組合，質(zhì)量保證重點(diǎn)，并聲明網(wǎng)站開發(fā)人員需要使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和最佳實(shí)踐來確保網(wǎng)站功能，可訪問性和可互操作性。</p><p>　　有多種評(píng)估網(wǎng)站質(zhì)量的方法，如競(jìng)爭分析，檢查和在線問卷調(diào)查。由Barnes和Vidgen開

13、發(fā)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量 [1]是評(píng)估網(wǎng)站質(zhì)量的一種方法。網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量有3個(gè)主要維度：可用性，內(nèi)容質(zhì)量和服務(wù)交互質(zhì)量。根據(jù)[1]，網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量是一個(gè)“結(jié)構(gòu)化，有紀(jì)律的過程，通過產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)開發(fā)和實(shí)施的每個(gè)階段，提供了識(shí)別和攜帶客戶聲音的手段”。</p><p>　　可用性涉及與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的質(zhì)量;信息質(zhì)量關(guān)注網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量;服務(wù)交互質(zhì)量關(guān)系到用戶進(jìn)入網(wǎng)站時(shí)提供的質(zhì)量。在這些維度中，網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量包含一系列關(guān)于被評(píng)估網(wǎng)站的23個(gè)問題，每個(gè)問題

14、包含1-7的評(píng)級(jí); 1 =強(qiáng)烈不同意，7=非常同意。</p><p>　　有關(guān)評(píng)估網(wǎng)站的詳細(xì)信息，請(qǐng)參見[24,34,35]。Eppler＆Muenzemayer [7]確定網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量;服務(wù)交互質(zhì)量關(guān)系到用戶提供的質(zhì)量，因?yàn)樗麄冚斎肓艘唤M23個(gè)關(guān)于被評(píng)估網(wǎng)站的問題，每個(gè)問題包含1-7的評(píng)級(jí);1=強(qiáng)烈不同意，7=非常同意。</p><p>　　有關(guān)評(píng)估網(wǎng)站的詳細(xì)信息，請(qǐng)參見[24,34,

15、35]。 Eppler＆Muenzemayer [7]確定了2個(gè)表現(xiàn)，4個(gè)質(zhì)量類別和16個(gè)質(zhì)量維度。Kahnetal[17]將IQ尺寸映射到具有2種質(zhì)量類型，4種質(zhì)量分類和16個(gè)質(zhì)量維度的PSP/IQ模型。Zhu＆Gauch [44]線上信息檢索的6項(xiàng)質(zhì)量指標(biāo)。</p><p>　?。ǘ┦裁词莾?yōu)質(zhì)網(wǎng)站？</p><p>　　在線互動(dòng)是提高商業(yè)網(wǎng)站質(zhì)量的有效方式，網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)該意識(shí)到設(shè)計(jì)如

16、何影響網(wǎng)站的質(zhì)量和組織的形象。</p><p>　　良好的網(wǎng)站擁有豐富而直觀的鏈接結(jié)構(gòu)。 指向客戶服務(wù)的鏈接應(yīng)該被命名為“客戶服務(wù)”，而尋找客戶服務(wù)信息的沖浪者將知道這個(gè)鏈接到他們想要的頁面。 因此，“點(diǎn)擊這里”不應(yīng)該被用作鏈接。</p><p>　　信息管理者和開發(fā)人員必須確定用戶需要多少信息[25]。一些用戶有很多特定的主題背景，而其他用戶可能只需要一個(gè)總結(jié)或概述。一個(gè)好的網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計(jì)師將

17、會(huì)清楚地了解每條數(shù)據(jù)如何與網(wǎng)站上的其他內(nèi)容鏈接起來，并相應(yīng)地組織鏈接。</p><p>　　沒有明確的導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，觀眾可能會(huì)迷失方向。超鏈接通過其顏色與頁面中的正常文本區(qū)分開來。當(dāng)超鏈接指向的頁面被“訪問”瀏覽器將通過更改鏈接的列表來通知用戶[41]。</p><p>　　任何Web應(yīng)用程序中最脆弱的部分是其形式，Web應(yīng)用程序最常見的活動(dòng)是驗(yàn)證用戶的數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)開放Web應(yīng)用程序安全項(xiàng)目[2

18、7]，無效輸入是十大關(guān)鍵Web應(yīng)用程序安全漏洞。輸入驗(yàn)證是創(chuàng)建強(qiáng)大的技術(shù)系統(tǒng)和保護(hù)Web應(yīng)用程序的重要組成部分。由于Web應(yīng)用程序的基本客戶端服務(wù)器性質(zhì)，輸入驗(yàn)證應(yīng)在客戶端和服務(wù)器上完成。</p><p>　　客戶端驗(yàn)證用于在提交表單之前在數(shù)據(jù)收集點(diǎn)提供輸入數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證，并檢查填寫所需字段并符合某些特性，如內(nèi)置長度限制，數(shù)字限制，電子郵件地址有效性，字符數(shù)據(jù)格式數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證不正確會(huì)導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)損壞。</p>&

19、lt;p>　　應(yīng)對(duì)所有輸入數(shù)據(jù)執(zhí)行輸入驗(yàn)證，確保信息系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)干凈、正確和有用的數(shù)據(jù)。無效數(shù)據(jù)的例如：輸入的文本和有用的數(shù)據(jù)。無效數(shù)據(jù)例如：輸入到數(shù)字字段中的文本，輸入到文本字段中的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，或輸入到貨幣字段的百分比。表3提供了可以執(zhí)行的一組示范性檢查，以確保在數(shù)據(jù)被處理或使用之前傳入的數(shù)據(jù)是有效的。</p><p><b>　　表3 示例驗(yàn)證檢查</b></p><

20、p>　　在網(wǎng)站上提供可見的聯(lián)系信息是對(duì)潛在客戶使用的營銷手段，以判斷公司的可信度，因?yàn)樗硎咀鹬乜蛻?，并意味著良好的服?wù)承諾。</p><p>　　網(wǎng)站內(nèi)置的反饋機(jī)制是從最重要的人到您的客戶那里獲得有關(guān)網(wǎng)站和服務(wù)質(zhì)量的有意義的反饋意見。畢竟，質(zhì)量的一個(gè)定義是“達(dá)到或超過客戶的期望”。</p><p>　　網(wǎng)站成功的最重要因素之一是速度。如果網(wǎng)站沒有反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)時(shí)間長，訪客不會(huì)再來。 速

21、度或響應(yīng)能力是良好的網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)和組織成功的組成部分。網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)考慮到速度[31]。估計(jì)如果頁面在5-8秒內(nèi)沒有加載，您將失去1/3的訪問者[35]。然而，許多設(shè)計(jì)師認(rèn)為，隨著寬帶的近期發(fā)展，視覺美學(xué)現(xiàn)在更加重要，因?yàn)橄螺d速度不是主要關(guān)注的問題。然而，并不是所有的用戶都有寬帶，應(yīng)該考慮到這一點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　為了本研究的目的，我們?cè)谧罱木W(wǎng)站質(zhì)量技術(shù)獎(jiǎng)中使用了二十個(gè)入圍者的數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。本研究的目的是

22、從用戶的角度對(duì)這些網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行技術(shù)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)。</p><p>　　我們的分析側(cè)重于幫助網(wǎng)站所有者了解某些網(wǎng)站特征，信息質(zhì)量和功能的重要性。在分析期間，我們測(cè)試了網(wǎng)站上的功能，如表單，導(dǎo)航過程，所有點(diǎn)擊的相關(guān)性和頁面下載速度。</p><p>　　本文的其余部分組織如下：第2節(jié)顯示了我們的方法，第3節(jié)給出了一個(gè)簡要的總結(jié)和第4節(jié)的一些結(jié)論。</p><p>　　Valid

23、ation: An</p><p>　　Empirical Study on Irish Corporate Websites </p><p>　　Mary Levis , Markus Helfert and Malcolm Brady</p><p>　　1.Introduction</p><p>　　The World Wide W

24、eb (WWW) is the largest available distributed dynamic repository of information, and has undergone massive and rapid growth since its inception.There are over 2,060,000 users in Ireland alone. Over the last seven years (

25、2000 - 2007), Internet usage in Ireland has grown by 162.8%; in United Kingdom by 144.2%; in Europe by 221.5% and Worldwide by 244.7%[18]. role in many aspects of our lives and therefore creates a greater need for busine

26、sses to design better websites in order to s</p><p>　　The website's homepage should be a marketing tool designed as a 'billboard' for the organization. The design is critical in capturing the vie

27、wer's attention and interest[25]and should represent the company in a meaningful and positive light. Therefore, there are many web design concerns for commercial organizations when designing their website.</p>

28、<p>　　The most basic are as follows: content that should be included, selecting relevant and essential information,designing a secure, usable, user friendly web interface that is relatively easy to navigate, and en

29、suring the site is easy to find using any of the major search engines. In the drive to make the website look appealing from a visual perspective other factors are often ignored, such as validation and security, which lea

30、ds to poor user experience and data quality problems.</p><p>　　Data in the real world is constantly changing therefore feedback is necessary in order to ensure that quality is maintained. Data is deemed of h

31、igh quality if it ‘correctly probably find as many definitions for quality on the web as there are papers on quality. There are however, a number of theoretical frameworks for understanding data quality.</p><p

32、>　　Red man[33] and Orr[27] have presented cybernetic models of information quality. The cybernetic view considers organizations as made up of closely interacting feedback systems that link quality of information to ho

33、w itis used, in a feedback cycle where the actions of each system is continuously modified by the actions, changes and outputs of the others[2,29,36]. Figure 1 shows an information system in the real world context.</p

34、><p>　　Figure 1: Information system in the real world context[29]</p><p>　　Wang and Strong proposed a data quality framework that includes the categories of intrinsic data quality, accessibility da

35、ta quality, contextual data quality and representational data quality outlined in table 1.</p><p>　　Table1. IQ dimensions</p><p>　　The quality of websites may be linked to such criteria as timel

36、iness, ease of navigation, ease of access and presentation of information. From the customer's perspective usability is the most important quality of a Web application[8].</p><p>　　However, even if all p

37、rocedures are adhered to, errors can still arise that reduce the quality standard of the on line experience. For example, a file may be moved or an image deleted, which results in broken links. The root cause that leads

38、to web application problems is the poor approach to web design.</p><p>　　To remedy this several techniques exist to evaluate the quality of websites for example link checkers, accessibility checkers and code

39、 validation. To help improve the quality of a website, aspects such as structure and page layout need to be consistent and coherent. A good website must include safeguards against failure and provide simple, user friendl

40、y data entry and validation processes.</p><p>　　From the literature reviewed a universal definition of information quality is difficult to achieve[3, 21, 26, 29, 38,42]. According to[25] 'Technically, in

41、formation that meets all the requirements is quality information'. Some accepted definitions of quality from the quality gurus are shown in table 2.</p><p>　　Table 2 Example validation checks</p>

42、<p>　　One definition of quality is‘the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs’[13, 14]. Two requirements for website evaluation emerge from this definit

43、ion. 1) general valuation of all the site’s characteristics and 2) how well the site meets specific needs.</p><p>　　1.1. Related Work</p><p>　　Pernici and Scannapieco[28] discuss a set of data q

44、uality dimensions such as expiration, completeness, source reliability, and accuracy to evaluate data quality in web in-formation systems to support correct interpretation of web pages content. Cusimano Com Corp [4] decl

45、ared that effective web sites must be clear, informative, concise, and graphically appealing.</p><p>　　Tilton[40] recommends that Web designers should present clear information that has a consistent navigati

46、on structure. Hylnka and Welsh[12] put forward the argument that the web page is a source of communication and should be analysed within communication theory.</p><p>　　Kelly and Vidgen[16] is concerned with

47、the combination of a quality assessment method, E-Quality, and a light-weight quality assurance method, QA focus and states that website developers need to use standards and best practices to ensure that websites are fun

48、ctional, accessible and inter operable.</p><p>　　There are a number of ways to evaluate the quality of websites, such as competitive analysis, inspection, and online questionnaires. Web Quality, developed by

49、 Barnes and Vidgen[1] is one approach to the assessment of website quality. Web Quality, has 3 main dimensions: usability, in-formation quality, and service interaction quality. Ac-cording to[1], Web Quality is a ‘struct

50、ured and disciplined process that provides a means to identify and carry the voice of the customer through each stage of p</p><p>　　Usability is concerned with the quality associated with the site design; In

51、formation Quality is concerned with the quality of content of the site; Service Interaction quality is concerned with quality provided to the users as they enter into the site. Within these dimensions, Web Quality consis

52、ts of a set of 23 questions regarding the website being assessed and each question contains a rating from 1-7; 1 =strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree.</p><p>　　Detailed information about evaluating website

53、s can be found at[24, 34, 35]. Eppler & Muenzemayer[7] identifies quality of content of the site; Service Interaction quality is concerned with quality provided to the users as they enter of a set of 23 questions reg

54、arding the website being assessed and each question contains a rating from 1-7; 1 =strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree.</p><p>　　Detailed information about evaluating websites can be found at[24, 34, 35].

55、Eppler & Muenzemayer[7] identifies2 manifestations, 4 quality categories, and 16 quality dimensions. Kahnetal.[17] mapped IQ dimensions to the PSP/IQ model with 2 quality types, 4 quality classifications, and 16 qual

56、ity dimensions. Zhu & Gauch[44] out-lines 6 quality metrics for information retrieval on the web.</p><p>　　1.2. What Is a Quality Website?</p><p>　　Online interactivity is a valuable way of

57、improving the quality of business websites and web designers should be aware of how design affects the quality of the website and the image of the organization.</p><p>　　Good websites have a rich and intuiti

58、ve link structure. A link going to the Customer Service should be named Customer Service' and the surfer looking for Customer Service information will know this link goes to the page they want. Therefore, 'click

59、here' should never be used as a link.</p><p>　　Information managers and developers must determine how much information users need [25]. Some users will need much background on a specific topic whilst oth

60、ers may only need a summary or overview. A good web designer will think clearly about how each piece of data link sup with the rest of the content on the website and will organize the links accordingly.</p><p&

61、gt;　　Without a clear navigation system, viewers can become disoriented. Hyperlinks are distinguished from normal text within a page by its col our. When the page pointed to by a hyper link has been 'visited’ browsers

62、 will inform the users by changing the link's col our[41].</p><p>　　The most vulnerable part of any web application is its forms and the most common activity of web applications is to validate the users’

63、 data. According to the Open Web Applications Security Project[27] invalidated input is in the top ten critical web application security vulnerabilities.Input validation is an important part of creating a robust technolo

64、gical system and securing web applications. Be-cause of the fundamental client server nature of the web application, input validation should be d</p><p>　　Client side validation is used to provide input data

65、 validation at the data collection point before the form is submitted and check that the required fields are filled and conform to certain characteristics such as built in length restriction, numeric limits, email addres

66、s validity, character data format etc. Incorrect data validation can lead to data corruption.</p><p>　　Input validation should be performed on all incoming data ensuring the information system stores clean,

67、correct and useful data. Examples of invalid data are: text entered and useful data. Examples of invalid data are: text entered into a numeric field, numeric data entered into a text field,or a percentage entered into a

68、currency field. Table 3provides an example set of checks that could be performed to ensure the incoming data is valid before data is processed or used.</p><p>　　Table 3 Example validation checks</p>&

69、lt;p>　　Having contact information available and visible on the website is a marketing plus that potential customers use in order to judge a company’s trustworthiness, as it signifies respect for the customer and impli

70、es promise of good service.</p><p>　　Feedback mechanisms built into the website are a useful way to get meaningful feedback on the website and service quality from the people who matter most – your customers

71、.After all, one definition of quality is ‘meeting or exceeding the customer’s expectations’.</p><p>　　One of the most important factors for a website being successful is speed. If the website is unresponsive

72、, with long response times the visitors will not come again. Speedor responsiveness is integral to good website design and organizational success. Web pages should be designed with speed in mind[31]. It is estimated that

73、 if a page doesn't load within 5-8 seconds you will lose 1/3 of your visitors[35]. However, many designers believe that with the recent development of broadband, visual aesthe</p><p>　　For the purpose of

74、 this study we conducted an empirical study using a data set of twenty one finalists in a recent website quality technology award. The aim of this study was to examine these websites for Technical quality issues from the

75、 user’s perspective.</p><p>　　Our analysis focused on helping website owners under-stand the importance of certain website characteristics,quality of information and functionalities. During the analysis we t

76、ested functionalities in the website like forms,the navigation process, the relevance of all click through and the page download speed.</p><p>　　The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2shows