外文翻譯--樓宇智能化技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

1、<p><b>　　中文5080字</b></p><p><b>　　中文譯文：</b></p><p>　　樓宇智能化技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　摘要：介紹樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的概念，分析集散系統(tǒng)DCS、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)FCS、工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)等計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用、研究現(xiàn)狀及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。討

2、論幾種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，分析存在的問(wèn)題。展望樓宇自控系統(tǒng)及其網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用的研究方向和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，家居自動(dòng)化有可能成為樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)集成的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)，節(jié)能研究、新能源開(kāi)發(fā)利用、無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)等技術(shù)在智能樓宇領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用也將成為樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的重要研究方向。</p><p>　　隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人們對(duì)生活環(huán)境的安全、高效、舒適提出了要求，應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的樓宇智能化技術(shù)目前在我國(guó)各類(lèi)建筑中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，它是集建筑技術(shù)

3、、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、自動(dòng)化技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)以及系統(tǒng)集成技術(shù)為一體的一個(gè)新興但發(fā)展又十分迅猛的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)發(fā)展更是突飛猛進(jìn)，計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、商業(yè)、金融、科研、教育、農(nóng)業(yè)及日常生活等方面，已經(jīng)在影響并逐步改變?nèi)藗兊墓ぷ魃罘绞健?lt;/p><p>　　1 樓宇智能化技術(shù)概況</p><p>　　智能建筑在國(guó)際上又稱(chēng)為3A建筑，它包括以下幾個(gè)部分：BAS (Building Aut

4、omation System)為樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)、CAS(Communication Automation System) 為通信自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)、OA S (O f ice Automation System)為辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)SCS (Structured cabling System)結(jié)構(gòu)化綜合布線系統(tǒng)把上述三個(gè)系統(tǒng)有機(jī)結(jié)合起來(lái)。中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《智能建筑設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB /T50314-2000) 中智能建筑(IB) 的定義是：它是以建

5、筑為平臺(tái)，兼?zhèn)浣ㄖO(shè)備、辦公自動(dòng)化及通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，集結(jié)構(gòu)、系統(tǒng)、服務(wù)、管理及它們之間的最優(yōu)化組合，給人們提供一個(gè)安全、高效、舒適、便利的建筑環(huán)境。樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)是智能建筑中最基本和最重要的組成部分，它利用計(jì)算機(jī)及其網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)構(gòu)建的高度自動(dòng)化的綜合管理和控制系統(tǒng)，將大樓內(nèi)部各種設(shè)備連接到一個(gè)控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)其進(jìn)行綜合的控制，這些設(shè)備包括空調(diào)、照明設(shè)備、電梯、消防設(shè)備、安防設(shè)備等等。它確保建筑物 內(nèi)的舒適和安全的

6、辦公環(huán)境，同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)高效節(jié)能的要求。</p><p>　　樓宇智能化技術(shù)中網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及研究</p><p>　　智能建筑系統(tǒng)是將大樓內(nèi)的若干個(gè)既相對(duì)獨(dú)立又相互關(guān)聯(lián)的系統(tǒng)組成具有一定規(guī)模的大系統(tǒng)。這其中計(jì)算機(jī)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)是智能建筑系統(tǒng)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，它把現(xiàn)有的分離設(shè)備、功能、信息組合到一個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的、統(tǒng)一的、協(xié)調(diào)的系統(tǒng)之中，實(shí)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)音、數(shù)據(jù)、圖像的綜合傳輸、交換、處理和應(yīng)用。樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)(BA S

7、)是智能大廈的各智能化系統(tǒng)中發(fā)展歷史最長(zhǎng)的子系統(tǒng)，也是最核心的子系統(tǒng)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在樓宇智能化技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用主要就體現(xiàn)在這一子系統(tǒng)中，因此，下面主要圍繞樓宇自動(dòng)化這一子系統(tǒng)展開(kāi)探討。</p><p>　　2.1 集散型控制系統(tǒng)（DCS）在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　集散型計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)(DCCS)又名分布式計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)集散型控制系統(tǒng)(DCS)。集散型控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)質(zhì)是利用

8、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)對(duì)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程進(jìn)行集中監(jiān)控、操作、管理和分散控制的一種新型的控制技術(shù)。采用三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)模式，即控制（工程師站）、操作（操作站）、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表（儀表站）。DCS是由計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信號(hào)處理技術(shù)、測(cè)量控制技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信技術(shù)和人機(jī)接口技術(shù)相互發(fā)展和滲透而產(chǎn)生的。在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中，典型的產(chǎn)品有西門(mén)子公司的S600A POGEE樓宇自控系統(tǒng)，它是由中央工作站、各種DDC控制器及各類(lèi)傳感器、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)組成，能夠完成多種控制及管理功能。傳統(tǒng)的DCS系統(tǒng)存在

9、的問(wèn)題有：（1）其I/ O 信號(hào)采用傳統(tǒng)的模擬量信號(hào)，因此，它無(wú)法在DCS 工程師站上對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表(比如變送器、執(zhí)行器等) 進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)方診斷、維護(hù)和組態(tài)；（2）由于各廠家產(chǎn)品自成一體，系統(tǒng)相對(duì)封閉，產(chǎn)品互換性能差，系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展難。</p><p>　　2.2 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用及研究</p><p>　　現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制系統(tǒng)FCS（Fieldb

10、us Control System）是用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)儀表與控制系統(tǒng)和控制室之間的一種全分散、全數(shù)字化、智能、雙向、多變量、多點(diǎn)、多站的通信系統(tǒng)?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制系統(tǒng)技術(shù)上具有的特點(diǎn)是：（1）系統(tǒng)開(kāi)放性，即通信協(xié)議公開(kāi)，各廠家的設(shè)備之間可互聯(lián)為系統(tǒng)并實(shí)現(xiàn)信息交換。（2）可互操作性與可互用性，不同廠家類(lèi)似產(chǎn)品可實(shí)現(xiàn)互換。（3）現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備的智能化與功能自治性，即現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備本身就能完成自動(dòng)控制的基本功能，并隨時(shí)診斷設(shè)備的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。（4）系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)高度分散，根本

11、上改變了DCS集中與分散相結(jié)合的集散系統(tǒng)框架，提高了可靠性和對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性。為克服DCS系統(tǒng)的不足，樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)引入了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)，目前，常用在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中常用的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線有LonWorks現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線、EIB現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線等。針對(duì)樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)推出的樓宇自動(dòng)控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議BACent的應(yīng)用也十分流行。</p><p>　　2.2.1 LonWorks現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線</p><p>　　

12、LonWorks現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線是目前樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用較多的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)。它是美國(guó)Wchelom公司于1991年推出的EON (Local OperrationgNetworks)技術(shù)，又稱(chēng)Lonworks技術(shù)。LonTalk網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議和神經(jīng)元芯片是LonWorks 的核心技術(shù)。目前，多種樓宇自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)都支持LonWorks技術(shù)，如霍尼偉爾公司的EBI系統(tǒng)、西門(mén)子公司的APOGEE系統(tǒng)、江森公司的METASYS系統(tǒng)等。LonWorks技術(shù)

13、的缺點(diǎn)是其所需要神經(jīng)元芯片的工作溫度范圍較窄、操作復(fù)雜、價(jià)格昂貴。</p><p>　　2.2.2 EIB現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線</p><p>　　EIB是歐洲安裝總線(European Installation Bus)的縮寫(xiě)。它在1990年被提出，經(jīng)過(guò)十多年的發(fā)展，成為歐洲最有影響的建筑智能化現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在歐洲得到了進(jìn)300家廠商的支持。它主要通過(guò)電力電纜傳輸信號(hào)，避免了重復(fù)布線帶來(lái)的諸多麻煩

14、，如ABB i-bus EIB系統(tǒng)。在國(guó)內(nèi)智能樓宇中EIB技術(shù)也得到廣泛應(yīng)用。</p><p><b>　　其他現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線</b></p><p>　　CAN（Controller Area Network）即控制器局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)，主要用于過(guò)程檢測(cè)及控制。80年代初由德國(guó)BOSCH公司提出的一種串行通信協(xié)議?，F(xiàn)已成為國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在工業(yè)過(guò)程中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。在樓宇自動(dòng)化化系統(tǒng)中也

15、得到應(yīng)用，如S2000樓宇自控系統(tǒng)。CAN總線的特點(diǎn)是：開(kāi)發(fā)費(fèi)用低，技術(shù)相對(duì)其他現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線簡(jiǎn)單，但總線上掛的接點(diǎn)過(guò)少，滿足不了樓宇系統(tǒng)的要求。Profibus現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線，它是唯一全集成過(guò)程和工廠自動(dòng)化的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線解決方案，是一種不依賴(lài)于廠家的開(kāi)放式現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在智能樓宇中也得到了應(yīng)用，其存在的問(wèn)題是與高層的廣域網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連接比較復(fù)雜，因而應(yīng)用受到限制。</p><p>　　樓宇自動(dòng)控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議BACent</p

16、><p>　　由于各國(guó)及各大公司為維護(hù)自身利益，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒(méi)有得到統(tǒng)一。樓宇自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)也同樣面臨類(lèi)似的境況，樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)較為龐大，它包括供配電子系統(tǒng)、照明子系統(tǒng)、空調(diào)與冷熱源子系統(tǒng)、給排水子系統(tǒng)、電梯自控子系統(tǒng)以及安防子系統(tǒng)、消防子系統(tǒng)等，各子系統(tǒng)甚至可以再細(xì)分。而各個(gè)廠家則根據(jù)自身優(yōu)勢(shì)針對(duì)某個(gè)或某幾個(gè)子系統(tǒng)推出了自己的產(chǎn)品。因此，在實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用中，樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)工程實(shí)際上是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)集成的工作，各子系

17、統(tǒng)一般都選用不同廠家的產(chǎn)品，這就存在不同的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線協(xié)議在整個(gè)系統(tǒng)中相互兼容的問(wèn)題。這樣一個(gè)背景下，樓宇自動(dòng)控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議BACent應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。智能建筑控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議發(fā)展至今，BACnet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以其先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、完善的體系結(jié)構(gòu)和開(kāi)放的理念正式成為建筑智能化系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域中的唯一ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（ISO 16484-5）。嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，BACnet并不是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線，而是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，即通信規(guī)則，它為不同商家產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)之間進(jìn)行信息交流提供平臺(tái)和支持。參照OSI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

18、模型，BACnet包含了應(yīng)用層、網(wǎng)絡(luò)層、幾種數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層和物理層共四層協(xié)議。BACnet采用五種網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)(Ethernet,Arcnet,MS/TP, PT</p><p>　　BACnet在我國(guó)建筑領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用范圍還是相對(duì)較小，而且在工程中采用的BACnet產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)也基本上全部是從國(guó)外引進(jìn)的，還沒(méi)有真正意義上的國(guó)產(chǎn)化BACnet相關(guān)產(chǎn)品。但BACnet應(yīng)是樓宇智能化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。目前，樓宇自動(dòng)化集成也在這方面開(kāi)展研

19、究工作。</p><p>　　2.3 FCS和DCS綜合技術(shù)在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　FCS采用的是全分布式控制，上位機(jī)需要采用巡檢的方式采集各個(gè)智能節(jié)點(diǎn)上的數(shù)據(jù)，因此在上位管理機(jī)和節(jié)點(diǎn)間屬于多對(duì)一通訊，容易引起網(wǎng)絡(luò)的阻塞，且一旦發(fā)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)阻塞，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸效率將顯著降低。DCS系統(tǒng)通過(guò)彌補(bǔ)自身不足發(fā)展到了第四代，硬件結(jié)構(gòu)也得到豐富，由工程師站、操作站、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制站、

20、通信控制站、打印服務(wù)站、系統(tǒng)服務(wù)器、管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)、系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)等組成。這一代DCS系統(tǒng)充分體現(xiàn)了信息化、集成化的特點(diǎn)，系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)放，其現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制層支持多種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。實(shí)際的智能樓宇工程系統(tǒng)龐大、復(fù)雜，DDC控制器在很多樓宇系統(tǒng)中仍在廣泛應(yīng)用。因此，仔細(xì)分析目前樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)實(shí)質(zhì)上是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)和DCS系統(tǒng)的綜合。該結(jié)構(gòu)分為三層：管理層，采用某種網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議進(jìn)行通信, 這種開(kāi)放性使得管理信息集成更加容易；自動(dòng)化層，采用基于控制總線樓宇自

21、動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)通信協(xié)議的DDC分站控制器，該層具有以DCS為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，各種控制功能、應(yīng)用軟件比較完善，易于處理DDC分站之間的控制協(xié)調(diào)；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)層，采用基于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的I/O 模塊或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)DDC 控制器，在該層上控制功能相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，因此既能充分發(fā)揮現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，又能避免復(fù)雜控制算法實(shí)</p><p>　　2.4 以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用及研究</p><p>　　一方面，由于現(xiàn)有的現(xiàn)

22、場(chǎng)總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過(guò)多，不同類(lèi)型的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線設(shè)備均配有專(zhuān)用的通信協(xié)議，互相之間不能兼容，無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)互操作，成本高昂、并且需要專(zhuān)人維護(hù)。另一方面，由于以太網(wǎng)具有全開(kāi)放、成本低、帶寬高、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性高、應(yīng)用廣泛、共享資源豐富等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，將其應(yīng)用到工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)己經(jīng)成為國(guó)內(nèi)外工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)。工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)可以利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，給工業(yè)自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域中的每臺(tái)設(shè)備賦予一個(gè)IP地址，將現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備通過(guò)各種途徑連接在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上。這些設(shè)備可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)互相傳遞信息和數(shù)據(jù)，因而具有了遠(yuǎn)

23、程維護(hù)功能并能從Internet獲取信息。近年，企業(yè)、科研機(jī)構(gòu)都在研究開(kāi)發(fā)各種帶以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備，并且這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口已應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。很自然，以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)也同樣進(jìn)入了樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的研究領(lǐng)域。目前，以太網(wǎng)多用于基于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的樓宇自控網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成到智能建筑信息管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)這一環(huán)節(jié)，即Ethernet總線技術(shù)。在一些新開(kāi)發(fā)的樓宇自控系統(tǒng)中，以太網(wǎng)直接進(jìn)入了控制層，如北京樓宇自動(dòng)化中心開(kāi)發(fā)的基于以太網(wǎng)的ENC-20011P智能建筑測(cè)控系統(tǒng)。<

24、;/p><p>　　在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中采用以太網(wǎng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是實(shí)現(xiàn)了從管理層到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備控制層通信協(xié)議的兼容和統(tǒng)一，這樣，系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展起來(lái)也比較方便，與智能建筑中其它系統(tǒng)(通信自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)和辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng))集成起來(lái)也更加容易。但它也存在缺點(diǎn)：首先，目前開(kāi)發(fā)基于以太網(wǎng)的控制系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品的難度較大，開(kāi)發(fā)費(fèi)用和成本相對(duì)較高，用戶可以選擇的廠商也很有限，壟斷利潤(rùn)較高，研發(fā)成本還沒(méi)有被消化，這些都導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品價(jià)格過(guò)高；其次，以太網(wǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)性、可靠性等

25、方面還有待進(jìn)一步完善。</p><p>　　3 樓宇自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)分析</p><p>　　隨著科技發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)的全球化趨勢(shì)，企業(yè)間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)必將趨向統(tǒng)一，樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線通信協(xié)議也必然隨之趨于統(tǒng)一。BACnet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在我國(guó)將得到廣泛應(yīng)用。同時(shí)，以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)由于其協(xié)議完全開(kāi)放、成本低，隨著研究工作不斷深入，設(shè)備的以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口技術(shù)的成熟，工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)在樓宇自動(dòng)

26、化領(lǐng)域?qū)⒌玫綇V泛應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　目前，樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用主要集中在建筑公共資源中，主要包括供配電、照明、空調(diào)與冷熱源、給排水、電梯自控、安防、消防、綜合保安、車(chē)庫(kù)管理、自動(dòng)抄表等子系統(tǒng)。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)應(yīng)用的不斷深入，安全、舒適、節(jié)能、快捷的工作生活環(huán)境的內(nèi)涵不斷豐富，樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的研究將進(jìn)一步深入，范圍也將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展，將擴(kuò)展到家庭生活空間。各種以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的研究將推動(dòng)家用電器的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化使得家居自動(dòng)化有

27、可能成為樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)集成的一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　隨著樓宇智能化技術(shù)的發(fā)展特別是以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)在樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用，傳統(tǒng)的“3A”說(shuō)法將淡化，系統(tǒng)趨于統(tǒng)一，OAS、CAS、BAS界限將更加模糊。系統(tǒng)集成將更加簡(jiǎn)便，樓宇智能化系統(tǒng)的成本也將進(jìn)一步下降。 </p><p>　　能源危機(jī)已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)代的急需解決的問(wèn)題，也成了當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)。樓宇智能化系統(tǒng)可對(duì)能源進(jìn)行科學(xué)合理的分配達(dá)到節(jié)

28、能的目的。因此，高效節(jié)能也將是樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要方向，這其中也包括新能源的利用，如目前的太陽(yáng)能光伏建筑。如何在智能建筑中利用光伏電能也將是智能樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)研究和發(fā)展的一個(gè)方向。無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以省去布線，節(jié)約資源，在樓宇自控網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)中也有較大的研究和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。</p><p>　　樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)結(jié)合緊密，DCS和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線在目前樓宇自控系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)得到應(yīng)用廣泛，但也存在一些諸如沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以致集成成本過(guò)

29、高等問(wèn)題。BACnet標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以其先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、完善的體系結(jié)構(gòu)和開(kāi)放的理念正式成為建筑智能化系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域中的唯一ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將得到廣泛應(yīng)用。工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)由于其全開(kāi)放、成本低、帶寬高、穩(wěn)定性和可靠性高、應(yīng)用廣泛、共享資源豐富等優(yōu)點(diǎn)將成為樓宇自控系統(tǒng)研究應(yīng)用的熱點(diǎn)。家居自動(dòng)化、家用智能電器的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化在不久的將來(lái)也將進(jìn)入樓宇自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)的研究應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。節(jié)能研究、新能源開(kāi)發(fā)利用、無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)等技術(shù)在智能樓宇領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用也將成為樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的重要研究方向。&

30、lt;/p><p><b>　　英文原文：</b></p><p>　　On Network’s Status Quo and Development Tendency of Building Intelligence Technology</p><p>　　Abstract: This paper presents the concept of

31、 building automation system, and analyzes the application and research states of DCS, FCS and Ethernet network in building automation system, as well as the advantages and disadvantages. It discusses the current applicat

32、ions of some kind of FCS in BAS, analyzes the existent problems and gives expectation of the research and application trend of the building automation system and network application. Domestic automation system will be a

33、subsystem of BAS</p><p>　　With economic development, people's living environment for the safe, efficient, comfortable and set forth requirements, the building came into being intelligent technology in al

34、l types of construction in China has been widely applied, it is set construction technology, computer technology, Automation technology, communications technology and system integration technology for a new one but also

35、a very rapid development of technology. The development of network technology is advancing by leaps and</p><p>　　1 building intelligent technology Overview</p><p>　　Intelligent Building in the

36、 international community also known as the 3A building, which includes the following sections: BAS (Building Automation System) for the building automation system, CAS (Communication Automation System) for the communicat

37、ions automation systems, OAS (O f ice Automation System) for the office automation system, through the SCS (Structured cabling System) structured cabling system to the integrated systems combine the three. China's na

38、tional standard "intelligent building</p><p>　　2 building intelligent technology in the application and network technology research</p><p>　　Intelligent Building Systems is building both th

39、e number of relatively independent and interrelated systems of a certain number of large-scale systems. Among these computer communication network is intelligent building system of the nervous system, the separation of t

40、he existing equipment, functions, information to a combination of interrelated, unified, coordinated system, voice, data, images of the integrated transmission, Exchange, processing and application. Building Automation S

41、ystem (BAS) </p><p>　　2.1 The Distributed Control System (DCS) in the building automation system of review.</p><p>　　Distributed computer control system (DCCS), also known as distributed compute

42、r control system, called Distributed Control System (DCS). Distributed Control System, in essence, is using computer technology to the production process to focus on monitoring, operation, management and decentralized co

43、ntrol of a new control technology. A three-structure model, that is, control (engineers Station), operation (Operation points), field instrumentation (meters Station). DCS by computer technology, signal </p><p

44、>　　2.2 fieldbus technology in the building automation system and the application of research</p><p>　　Fieldbus control system FCS (Fieldbus Control System) is used for field instrument and control system

45、between the control room and a fully distributed, all-digital, intelligent, bi-directional, multi-variable, multi-point, multi-station communication system. Fieldbus control system with the technical characteristics are:

46、 (1) open system, open communication protocol, the manufacturers of equipment for interconnection between the system and to achieve exchange of information. (2) interoperability </p><p>　　2.2.1 LonWorks Fiel

47、dbus</p><p>　　LonWorks Field Bus is the building automation system in the application of more fieldbus technology. It is Wchelom companies in the United States in 1991 launched the EON (Local OperrationgNetw

48、orks) technology, also known as Lonworks technology. LonTalk network protocols and neurons LonWorks chip is the core technology. At present, a variety of building automation control systems are in support of LonWorks tec

49、hnology, such as Huo Ni Wei Seoul's EBI system, the Siemens APOGEE system, Johnson's ME</p><p>　　2.2.2 EIB Fieldbus</p><p>　　EIB is the European Installation Bus (European Installation B

50、us) acronym. It was proposed in 1990, after 10 years of development, become the most influential European fieldbus intelligent building standards in Europe, has been into the 300 manufacturers for their support. It is ma

51、inly through the power cable transmission signals, to avoid a repeat of the wiring many troubles, such as ABB i-bus EIB system. Intelligent buildings in the country in the EIB technology has been widely used.</p>

52、<p>　　2.2.3 other Fieldbus</p><p>　　CAN (Controller Area Network) that the controller local area network, mainly used for detection and control of the process . In the early 1980s by the German company

53、BOSCH a serial communication protocol. Has now become the international standard, in the industrial process has been widely used. In the building automation system has also been applied, such as the S2000 Building Automa

54、tion System. CAN bus is characterized by: the development of low-cost, technology compared with other fieldbus sim</p><p>　　2.2.4 building automation network communication protocol BACent</p><p>

55、;　　As all countries and all major companies to protect their own interests, for a long time fieldbus standards are not uniform. Building automation control system is also facing a similar situation, a huge building autom

56、ation system, which includes power supply systems, lighting systems, air conditioning and cold and heat source system, water supply and drainage systems, elevators and security of automatic control systems Systems, fire

57、systems, subsystems or even the subdivision. The various manufa</p><p>　　BACnet in China in the field of construction or the application of relatively small, but also in the works in a BACnet products and te

58、chnologies are basically all introduced from abroad, but also no real sense of the localization of BACnet related products. However, BACnet is the development trend of intelligent buildings. At present, the building auto

59、mation integration is also carrying out research work in this area.</p><p>　　2.3 FCS and DCS integrated technology in the building automation system of application</p><p>　　FCS is the use of dis

60、tributed control, the need for a toppolling in all the way collecting data on the smart nodes, in the upper-management and communications nodes of an Duodui Yi, easily lead to network congestion, and in case of network c

61、ongestion , On the network data transmission efficiency will be significantly reduced. DCS system through their own lack of development to make up for a fourth-generation, hardware structure has also been enriched by the

62、 station engineers, operating station, </p><p>　　2.4 Ethernet technology in the building automation system and the application of research</p><p>　　On the one hand, as the existing standard Fiel

63、dbus too many different types of Fieldbus are standard equipment for the communications protocol, not compatible with each other, unable to achieve interoperability, high costs and the need to maintain service. On the ot

64、her hand, Ethernet is all open, low-cost, high-bandwidth, high stability and reliability, widely used to share the advantages of rich resources, its application to an industrial network has been a domestic and internatio

65、nal research i</p><p>　　In the building automation system using Ethernet is to realize the benefits from the management of equipment to the scene to control the compatibility of the communication protocol an

66、d unified so that the system has expanded to more convenient, and the Intelligent Building of the other systems (communications automation systems and Office automation system) also integrate more easily. But it also sho

67、rtcomings: First of all, the current development of Ethernet-based control system products more d</p><p>　　3 building automation control system development trend analysis</p><p>　　With technolog

68、ical development and economic trend of globalization, increased competition among enterprises, fieldbus technical standards will tend to unity, building automation system in the field bus communication protocol are bound

69、 to result tends to reunification. BACnet standards in China will be widely used. At the same time, Ethernet technology because of its agreement completely open, low cost, with the continuous in-depth research, equipment

70、 Ethernet interface technology matures, indust</p><p>　　At present, the building automation system of mainly concentrated in the construction of public resources, including power supply, lighting, air condit

71、ioning and cold and heat source, water supply and drainage, the lift-controlled, security, fire protection, comprehensive security, garage management, automatic meter reading , And other subsystems. With the continuous a

72、pplication of network technology in-depth, safety, comfort, energy saving, efficient working and living environment to constantly</p><p>　　With the development of intelligent buildings in particular, Etherne

73、t technology in the building automation system of the traditional "3 A" that will be watered down, the system tends to reunification, OAS, CAS, BAS boundaries will become even more blurred. Systems integration

74、will become more simple, the cost of building intelligent system will decline further. </p><p>　　The energy crisis has become an urgent need to solve contemporary problems, has become a hot current research.

75、 Intelligent Building of the energy system can be carried out to achieve scientific and rational distribution of energy-saving purposes. Therefore, highly efficient energy-saving building automation will also be an impor

76、tant direction of development of the system, which also includes the use of new energy sources, such as the current solar photovoltaic construction. How intelligent build</p><p>　　Building automation system

77、and work closely with the network technology, DCS and field bus in the current building automation system has been applied widely, but there are also some agreement, such as no uniform standards so that issues such as in

78、tegration costs too high. BACnet standard with its advanced technology, improve the architecture and the concept of open architecture intelligent system to become the only area of ISO standards, will be widely used. Indu