現(xiàn)代包裝外文資料翻譯

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　設(shè)計題目: 顆粒物料間歇式立式袋裝機(jī)設(shè)計 </p><p>　　—執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計 </p><p>　　譯文題目: 現(xiàn)代包裝 </p><p>　　院系名稱：

2、 機(jī)電工程 專業(yè)班級： </p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué) 號： </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： 教師職稱： 講 師 </p><p>　　附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。 </p><p&g

3、t;　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　現(xiàn)代包裝</b></p><p>　　1. 不斷變化的需求和新的角色</p><p>　　回顧以往，包裝所帶來明顯的歷史性變化是可以理解的， 一個產(chǎn)品包裝方式的給他們的銷量帶來的影響也是顯而易見的。包裝會給明天帶來什么樣的影響是難以預(yù)料的。然而，包裝專業(yè)人員是未來市場的需

4、求，必須始終注意力放在他們身上。包裝是工業(yè)革命的動力，繼續(xù)經(jīng)營的必須品。隨著社會消費(fèi)的持續(xù)增長，20世紀(jì)80年代的包裝可能是銷量最好的保證。今天我們消費(fèi)的商品率大于我們在1935年4至5倍。這些貨物大多是沒有生存的必要條件;他們構(gòu)成什么，我們可以稱之為“美化生活”。</p><p>　　在下半年的20世紀(jì)，商品的擴(kuò)散是如此之高，包裝，被迫進(jìn)入一個全新的角色，它已經(jīng)成為主要的購買動機(jī)而不是只靠提供貨物本身的價值。貨

5、架上的競爭產(chǎn)品，包裝本身成為區(qū)分所有這些類似商品的性能和質(zhì)量的唯一方法。生活方式，情感價值，潛意識的圖像，功能，優(yōu)勢超出基本產(chǎn)品本身的東西，成為營銷的方式，將使他們的產(chǎn)品比競爭對手更容易獲得消費(fèi)者的親睞。在一些實(shí)例中，包裝已成為產(chǎn)品，和偶爾的包裝已成為娛樂。 一個產(chǎn)品的品牌標(biāo)簽攜帶該產(chǎn)品的制造商或產(chǎn)品銷售零售商，一般是買方作為質(zhì)量評估的指導(dǎo)。有時，競爭品牌的產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)是幾乎沒有區(qū)別，有區(qū)別的是它的包裝銷售。包裝可以給消費(fèi)者一個有趣

6、的視覺吸引力，這個關(guān)鍵的營銷優(yōu)勢可以說服消費(fèi)者有消費(fèi)的沖動。然而，為了避免消費(fèi)者失望，鼓勵消費(fèi)者重復(fù)購買和建設(shè)品牌的忠誠度，包裝應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確地反映產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和品牌價值。理想的情況下，產(chǎn)品應(yīng)超越客戶的期望。</p><p>　　包裝和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)社會</p><p>　　我們檢查食品部門時，表現(xiàn)得最為明顯包裝對現(xiàn)代社會工業(yè)的重要性。所有食物在本質(zhì)上是有機(jī)的，包括動物或植物?？偟膩碚f，它有有限的自然生物

7、生命是這種有機(jī)物質(zhì)的特點(diǎn)之一。切下的肉，留到第二天，可能已經(jīng)不適合人類食用了。一些動物性蛋白質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品，如海鮮，可以在數(shù)小時內(nèi)壞掉。 天然的植物為基礎(chǔ)的食品貨架壽命取決于涉及的品種和植物。水果部分往往有一個很短的壽命而變腐爛，種子部分，有更長的壽命，在自然界生存直到下一個生長季節(jié)。從活體植物分開的莖和葉保質(zhì)期通常也是短暫的。 除了有一個有限的自然保質(zhì)期，大多數(shù)食品保質(zhì)同地理和季節(jié)是息息相關(guān)的。例如，生長在北美一些地區(qū)土豆和

8、蘋果的成熟期很短造成收獲時間也很短。在一個沒有包裝的世界里，收獲的時候和我們享受他們的時候?qū)艿矫總€生物本身壽命的限制。通過適當(dāng)?shù)膬Υ?、包裝和運(yùn)輸?shù)募夹g(shù)，使我們能夠在一年四季向全國各地提供新鮮的土豆和蘋果，從中獲得更好的產(chǎn)品，例如馬鈴薯有整體、 罐頭、 粉狀、 片狀、 芯片，冰凍各種方式的包裝，讓我們在任何時候、 任何地方都可以隨時食用。這種能力使社會具有極大的自由和機(jī)動性。與欠發(fā)達(dá)的社會相比，我們不再受到在哪里居住的局限</p

9、><p>　　食品加工行業(yè)的產(chǎn)品從其他子行業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)上,通過控制處理可以獲得廢物的回收的價值。雞毛是高蛋白，適當(dāng)?shù)募庸ず吞幚?，做成飼料，可以反饋到雞的下一代。廢棄的蔬菜可以喂養(yǎng)牛或豬。甘蔗糖的廢物甘蔗渣，是用于造紙的纖維來源。魚鱗可以提煉出涂料和指甲油的添加劑。</p><p>　　一個產(chǎn)品的成本直接關(guān)系到生產(chǎn)量，減少供應(yīng)鏈中的成本一定要仔細(xì)，它是驅(qū)動業(yè)務(wù)拓展的動力 ，反對對食品安全的基本技術(shù)要

10、求和平衡產(chǎn)品的完整性，以及需要確保一個高效的物流服務(wù)。 此外，經(jīng)濟(jì)耐用物品的制造還取決于良好的包裝。還有一個要求，品牌形象包裝設(shè)計要保護(hù)項目通過和增值，以滿足市場營銷的目標(biāo)。后者可能涉及鮮明，美觀，符合人性化要求，同時要附帶溝通功能和環(huán)保意識的屬性。但是，對于一個國家或國際自動包轉(zhuǎn)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的成功，它必須獲得市場，這可能是一種方式。再次要塑造完善的包裝，在這種情況下選擇分銷包裝是一個系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部分。</p><p>

11、;　　有些行業(yè)可能沒有國際市場的存在。例如，加拿大是一個輻射設(shè)備的制造商，但在加拿大市場（這或許一個單位占每隔幾年）不可能支持這樣的制造能力。然而，一個包裝制造工廠的產(chǎn)生成功使其產(chǎn)品暢銷世界。除了需要照射機(jī)械和儀器儀表的包裝，放射性同位素輻照設(shè)備的銷售也需要銷售包裝和運(yùn)輸?shù)模@是一個挑戰(zhàn)，需要安全的包裝和運(yùn)輸放射性同位素，這本身就是一個特殊的挑戰(zhàn)。在回應(yīng)消費(fèi)者不斷變化的生活方式，大型零售集團(tuán)和食品服務(wù)行業(yè)發(fā)展。他們的成功已經(jīng)成為一個競爭

12、激烈的混合后勤，貿(mào)易、市場營銷和客戶服務(wù)，所有的這些依賴于高質(zhì)量的包裝。他們已經(jīng)戲劇性的帶動了提供的部分產(chǎn)品范圍的擴(kuò)大，使技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，包括那些包裝。供應(yīng)的零售，食品加工和包裝行業(yè)將繼續(xù)以擴(kuò)大其國際業(yè)務(wù)。采購世界各地產(chǎn)品越來越多的協(xié)助下，在不斷減少貿(mào)易壁壘。隨著競爭越來越激烈價格的影響一直在不斷下降。競爭的加劇導(dǎo)致了產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的合理化，往往以兼并和收購的形式。包裝，它意味著通過新材料和形狀，自動化程度的提高，包裝尺寸范圍的延伸，使單位成本降低

13、。另一個制造商和兼并和收購，本集團(tuán)的零售包裝和包裝設(shè)計的市場分割和全球食品供應(yīng)鏈推廣使用先進(jìn)包裝系統(tǒng)和包裝物流系統(tǒng)的日益發(fā)展是</p><p>　　包密集型發(fā)達(dá)國家有時也批評了包裝，當(dāng)然不存在過度包裝。然而，北美也享有世界上最便宜的食品，要求我們的可支配收入僅約11至14％。歐洲食品成本是可支配收入的約20％，而在欠發(fā)達(dá)國家的食品可以支配家庭收入的95％。</p><p>　　4. 國內(nèi)外

14、包裝機(jī)械現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　在世界范圍內(nèi)，包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史比較短些，科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)達(dá)的歐美各國大體上是在20世紀(jì)起步的，及至50年代步伐才開始大為加快。</p><p>　　從20世紀(jì)初到第二次世界大戰(zhàn)大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束前，在醫(yī)藥、食品、卷煙、火柴、日用化工等工業(yè)部門實(shí)現(xiàn)了包裝作業(yè)的機(jī)械化；50年代，包裝機(jī)的廣泛采用以普通電開關(guān)和電子管為主要元件的控制系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了初級自動化；60年

15、代，包裝機(jī)中采用機(jī)電光液氣綜合技術(shù)明顯增多，機(jī)種進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，在此基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了專用的自動包裝線；70年代，將微電子技術(shù)引入自動化包裝機(jī)和包裝線，實(shí)現(xiàn)了有電子計算機(jī)控制的包裝生產(chǎn)過程；從80年代到90年代初開始，在某些包裝領(lǐng)域里將微機(jī)、機(jī)器人更多地應(yīng)用到供送、檢測、管理等方面，準(zhǔn)備向柔性自動包裝線和“無人化”自動包裝車間過度。</p><p>　　由于社會上各方面的積極推動和有力配合，逐步建立起包裝材料、包裝印刷、包

16、裝機(jī)械等生產(chǎn)部門和與之相適應(yīng)的科研、設(shè)計、教育、學(xué)術(shù)、管理等組織機(jī)構(gòu)，進(jìn)而形成了獨(dú)立完整的包裝輕工業(yè)體系，且在整個國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占據(jù)著重要地位。根據(jù)近幾年的資料得知，世界包裝聯(lián)盟成員國包裝工業(yè)的總產(chǎn)值大約占國民經(jīng)濟(jì)總產(chǎn)值的2%左右；其中包裝機(jī)械所占的比重雖然不算大，但發(fā)展迅猛，平均每年幾乎以10%左右的速率增長?，F(xiàn)在投產(chǎn)使用的包裝機(jī)已超過了千余種，同時包裝聯(lián)合機(jī)及自動化的配套設(shè)備已于單機(jī)等量齊觀了。根據(jù)世界新技術(shù)革命的發(fā)展趨勢，預(yù)料包裝材料

17、以及與此緊密相關(guān)的包裝工藝和包裝機(jī)械將會取得新一步的突破，并且?guī)痈喈a(chǎn)業(yè)部門進(jìn)入包裝行業(yè)。</p><p>　　中國包裝技術(shù)協(xié)會于1980年成立。不久，中國包裝總公司也相繼誕生。此后，在國內(nèi)陸續(xù)地舉辦了全國性和國際性的包裝機(jī)械展覽會、學(xué)術(shù)研討會，還出版了我過有史以來第一部《中國包裝年鑒》及其他包裝技術(shù)書刊。這一切都標(biāo)志著中國正在開創(chuàng)一個嶄新的包裝歷史時期。</p><p>　　附件2：外

18、文原文（復(fù)印件）</p><p>　　陳滿儒主編 《包裝工程英語》陜西：陜西科技大學(xué). 1999</p><p>　　Modern Packaging</p><p>　　Changing Needs and New Roles</p><p>　　Looking back, historical changes are understand

19、able and obvious. That all of them have had an impact on the way products are brought, consumed and packaged is also obvious. What is not so obvious is what tomorrow will bring. Yet, it is to the needs, markets, and cond

20、itions of tomorrow that packaging professionals must always turn their attention.</p><p>　　The forces that drove packaging during the Industry Revolution continue to operate to-day. The consumer society cont

21、inues to grow and is possibly best described by a 1980s bumper sticker, “Born to Shop”. We consume goods today at a rate 4 to 5 times greater than we did as recently as 1935.</p><p>　　Most of these goods are

22、 not essential to survival; they constitute what we may call “the good life”.</p><p>　　In the second half of the 20th century, the proliferation of goods was so high that packaging was forced into an entirel

23、y new role, that of providing the major purchase motivation rather than presenting the goods itself. On a shelf of 10 competing products, all of them similar in performance and quality, the only method of differentiating

24、 became the package itself.</p><p>　　Marketer aimed at lifestyles, emotional values, subliminal images, features, and advantages beyond the basic product itself anything that would make a shopper’s hand reac

25、h for their product rather than the competitor’s. In some in instances, the package has become the product, and occasionally packaging has become entertainment.</p><p>　　A brand product to carry the product

26、manufacturer or product sales of the retailer's label, usually by the buyer as a quality assessment guidance. In some cases, competing brands of product quality is almost no difference, a difference is the sale of it

27、s packaging. An interesting visually attractive packaging can give a key marketing advantage and convince impulse spending. However, the packaging should accurately reflect the quality of products / brand value in order

28、to avoid the disappointment</p><p>　　Packaging and the Modern Industrial Society </p><p>　　The importance of packaging to a modern industrial society is most evident when we examine the food-pac

29、kaging sector. Food is organic in nature, having an animal or plant source. One characteristic of such organic matter is that, by and large, it has a limited natural biological life. A cut of meat, left to itself, might

30、be unfit for human consumption by the next day. Some animal protein products, such as seafood, can deteriorate within hours. </p><p>　　The natural shelf life of plant-based food depends on the species and pl

31、ant involved. Pulpy fruit portions tend to have a short life span, while seed parts, which in nature have to survive at least till the next growing seasons, have a longer life. Stalks and leaves separated from the living

32、 plant are usually short-lived.</p><p>　　In addition to having a limited natural shelf life, most food is geographically and season-ally specific. Thus, potatoes and apples are grown in a few North American

33、geographical regions and harvest during a short maturation period. In a world without packaging, we would need to live at the point of harvest to enjoy these products, and our enjoyment of them would be restricted to the

34、 natural biological life span of each.</p><p>　　It is by proper storage, packaging and transport techniques that we are able to deliver fresh potatoes and apples, or the products derived from them, throughou

35、t the year and throughout the country. Potato-whole, canned, powdered, flaked, chipped, frozen, and instant is available, anytime, anywhere. This ability gives a society great freedom and mobility. Unlike less-developed

36、societies, we are no longer restricted in our choice of where to live, since we are no longer tied to the food-producing </p><p>　　Central processing allows value recovery from what would normally be waste b

37、y products of the processed food industry from the basis of other sub-industries. Chicken feathers are high in protein and, properly mill and treated, can be fed back to the next generation of chickens. Vegetable waste i

38、s fed to cattle or pigs. Bagasse, the waste cane from sugar pressing, is a source of fiber for papermaking. Fish scales are refined to make additives for paints and nail polish.</p><p>　　The economical manuf

39、acture of durable goods also depends on good packaging. A product’s cost is directly related to production volume. The business drive to reduce costs in the supply chain must be carefully balanced against the fundamental

40、 technical requirements for food safety and product integrity, as well as the need to ensure an efficient logistics service. In addition, there is a requirement to meet the aims of marketing to protect and project brand

41、image through value-added pack design. T</p><p>　　Some industries could not exist without an international market. For example, Canada is a manufacturer of irradiation equipment, but the Canadian market (whi

42、ch would account for perhaps one unit every several years) could not possibly support such a manufacturing capability. However, by selling to the world, a manufacturing facility becomes viable. In addition to needing pac

43、kaging for the irradiation machinery and instrumentation, the sale of irradiation equipment requires the sale packaging and</p><p>　　3. World Packaging</p><p>　　This discussion has referred to p

44、rimitive packaging and the evolution of packaging functions. However, humankind’s global progress is such that virtually every stage in the development of society and packaging is present somewhere in the world today. Th

45、us, a packager in a highly developed country will agonize over choice of package type, hire expensive marketing groups to develop images to entice the targeted buyer and spend lavishly on graphics. In less-developed coun

46、tries, consumers are happy </p><p>　　Packagers from the more developed countries sometimes have difficulty working with less-developed nations, for the simple reason that they fail to understand that their r

47、espective packaging priorities are completely different. Similarly, developing nations trying to sell goods to North American markets cannot understand our preoccupation with package and graphics.</p><p>　　T

48、he significant difference is that packaging plays a different role in a market where rice will sell solely because it is available. In the North American market, the consumer may be confronted by five different companies

49、 offering rice in 30 or so variations. If all the rice is good and none is inferior, how does a seller create a preference for his particular rice? How does he differentiate? The package plays a large role in this proces

50、s.</p><p>　　The package-intensive developed countries are sometimes criticized for over packaging, and certainly over-packaging does exist. However, North Americans also enjoy the world’s cheapest food, requ

51、iring only about 11 to 14% of our disposable income. European food costs are about 20% of disposable income, and in the less-developed countries food can take 95% of family income. </p><p>　　4. The status an

52、d development trend of domestic and international packaging machinery Worldwide, the history of the development of the packaging machinery industry is relatively short, science and technology developed in Europe an

53、d America in general started in the 20th century until the 1950s the pace greatly accelerated. From the early 20th century, before the end of World War II World War II, medicine, food, cigarettes, matches, househol