外文翻譯--翼展車(chē)廂有限元分析與輕量化設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　The skeleton of a wingspan van body is one of the most important components for a van. Its weight is about one third of the whole vehicle gross mass. The weight

2、lightening of skeletons is of great importance to reduce the vehicle weight. This dissertation seeks feasible methods for the lightened skeleton of a van body through FEM (finite element method) analysis on the skeleton

3、of a wingspan van’s body. FEA has become one of the most important tools in modern automobile design. Compared with </p><p>　　Van, as a fuel-consuming vehicle, is attached great importance in regards to i

4、ts fuel-saving level which is directly connected with the energy consumption of our whole country. Due to this great significance, van manufacturers all over the world try their best to lighten the weight of vans. The te

5、chnique of weight-lightening design has become one of the hot techniques in the research field. </p><p>　　Since the exploitation condition of van is extremely bad, and stress condition is complex, the skelet

6、on should have enough rigidity so as to keep the relative positions of some parts unchanged and the change of the van body shall be limited to a minimum degree while the van goes. There also should be enough intensity in

7、 the skeleton so as to ensure its reliability and life-span. The insufficient skeleton rigidity not only causes vibration and noise, but also makes the ease of driving, the stabil</p><p>　　The skeleton of a

8、wingspan van’s body is analyzed and studied by the ANSYS in this paper. The static intensity and rigidity of the skeleton is analyzed and studied in the instances of pure bending, coupled bending and torsion, braking con

9、dition and sharp-turning. The results indicate that the stress of the skeleton is less than the utmost intensity that the material being used has to resist. There is little displacement in the skeleton and it meets the

10、demand of the design. </p><p>　　This paper also deals with the dynamic analysis of van skeletons with mode analysis as a main part, which is the core of the dynamic configuration design. It overcomes the sho

11、rtcoming of the static analysis and emphasized that the problem should be considered from the whole configuration. The local intensity can be learned through the vibration model and the responding frequency of the ske

12、leton which are obtained from the model analysis. </p><p>　　Amelioration design can be done with various optimization methods. In the research, a conclusion is drawn that the optimization module of ANSYS is

13、not applicable for the whole skeleton of van body, because the skeleton has too many stems and dimension. According to the characteristics of the skeleton, several schemes used to design lightened skeletons are proposed

14、in this essay. Some components of little influence on the intensity and rigidity are subject to direct amelioration, and some sensiti</p><p><b>　　95.8Kg. </b></p><p>　　Finally, with

15、the statistic from the stems and the dimensions of the skeleton as variables for designing and with the whole volume of the skeleton as the goal, this essay makes a preliminary discussion of the weight-lightening of the

16、 structure of skeleton using ANSYS optimizing model. </p><p>　　Optimized results make the skeleton light, save raw materials, reduce the cost of manufacture, decrease the fuel consumption and do no destruct

17、ion to the environment. </p><p>　　The research in the essay demonstrates that FEA and ANSYS offer excellent basic theories and methods for the skeleton structure, simulation of power characteristics and wei

18、ght-lightening design. </p><p>　　They have very important project values in weight-lightening designing of the skeleton structure. </p><p><b>　　中文翻譯：</b></p><p>　　翼展式廂式貨

19、車(chē)車(chē)廂骨架是重要的承載件，它的質(zhì)量也占貨車(chē)整車(chē)整備質(zhì)量的三分之一左右。車(chē)廂骨架的輕量化設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)減輕汽車(chē)的質(zhì)量有著非常重要的意義。本文就是通過(guò)對(duì)翼展式廂式貨車(chē)車(chē)廂骨架有限元的分析計(jì)算，尋求切實(shí)可行的車(chē)廂骨架輕量化途徑。 </p><p>　　有限元法已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)的重要工具之一，與傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法相比，它的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于提高汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、降低產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)與生產(chǎn)制造成本，提高汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。為了促進(jìn)廂式貨車(chē)車(chē)廂設(shè)

20、計(jì)水平的提高，保證整車(chē)在市場(chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力，必須將廂式貨車(chē)車(chē)廂有限元分析技術(shù)提高到戰(zhàn)略的高度上來(lái)。 </p><p>　　廂式貨車(chē)作為耗油大戶，其節(jié)能與否已直接影響到我國(guó)整體的能源消耗水平，國(guó)家對(duì)此高度重視。由于汽車(chē)輕量化對(duì)節(jié)能增效的巨大意義，國(guó)際各大汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)商都在盡可能的情況下減輕車(chē)身質(zhì)量。汽車(chē)的輕量化設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為目前汽車(chē)研究領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。 </p><p>　　由于貨車(chē)的使用條

21、件十分惡劣，受力狀況非常復(fù)雜。骨架應(yīng)有足夠的彎曲剛度，以使裝在其上的有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)之間的相對(duì)位置在汽車(chē)行駛過(guò)程中保持不變并使車(chē)身的變形最??；骨架也應(yīng)有足夠的強(qiáng)度，以保證其有足夠的可靠性與壽命。骨架剛度不足會(huì)引起振動(dòng)和噪聲，也使得汽車(chē)的乘坐舒適性、操作穩(wěn)定性及某些機(jī)件的可靠性下降。因此，如何設(shè)計(jì)出滿足使用要求的輕量化骨架成了一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。 </p><p>　　本文利用有限元分析軟件 ANSYS 對(duì)某翼展式廂式貨

22、車(chē)車(chē)廂骨架進(jìn)行了分析和研究，討論了該骨架靜態(tài)時(shí)在純彎曲工況、彎扭工況、制動(dòng)工況和緊急轉(zhuǎn)彎工況下的強(qiáng)度和剛度。分析結(jié)果表明，該車(chē)架的應(yīng)力值小于材料的強(qiáng)度極限，滿足設(shè)計(jì)的要求，骨架變形不是很大，也符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。 </p><p>　　本文還進(jìn)行了車(chē)架的動(dòng)態(tài)分析，主要是模態(tài)分析，它是結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)的核心，克服 了靜態(tài)方法的局限性，強(qiáng)調(diào)從結(jié)構(gòu)的整體考慮問(wèn)題。通過(guò)對(duì)骨架進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，計(jì)算出骨架的模態(tài)振型與相應(yīng)的固有頻率，通過(guò)

23、固有頻率與振型從整體上考慮車(chē)架的局部強(qiáng)度問(wèn)題。 </p><p>　　改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)可以使用各種方法，本課題在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中發(fā)現(xiàn)，ANSYS 軟件中自帶的優(yōu)化模塊，用搜索可行域、進(jìn)行循環(huán)計(jì)算的方法不適用于整個(gè)車(chē)廂骨架這種構(gòu)件復(fù)雜、尺寸繁多對(duì)象的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)該貨車(chē)車(chē)廂骨架的特點(diǎn)，論文提出了幾種方案對(duì)骨架進(jìn)行了輕量化設(shè)計(jì)。一些對(duì)強(qiáng)度、剛度影響小的構(gòu)件，直接進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，而一些重要構(gòu)件則進(jìn)行了不同工況水平下的多次計(jì)算，從中尋求輕量化設(shè)

24、計(jì)方案。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明，這種方法切實(shí)可行， 具有明顯效果。 通過(guò)對(duì)車(chē)廂骨架結(jié)構(gòu)的分析計(jì)算， 最后使質(zhì)量成功下降了 95.8Kg。 最后，以車(chē)架縱梁和橫梁截面尺寸作為設(shè)計(jì)變量，以車(chē)架總體積為設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)，運(yùn)用ANSYS 優(yōu)化模塊對(duì)車(chē)架結(jié)構(gòu)的輕量化設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行初步的探討。優(yōu)化的結(jié)果使得骨架自身重量減少，節(jié)約了原材料，降低了生產(chǎn)的成本，提高了汽車(chē)的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性，并且有利于環(huán)保。 </p><p>　　本文的研究說(shuō)明有限元法和A