外文翻譯--燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機遇與挑戰(zhàn)

1、<p><b>　　附 錄A</b></p><p>　　Fuel ethanol industry opportunities and challenges</p><p>　　At present, the fuel ethanol industry have great opportunities for development, but it

2、also faces many challenges. Selection of fuel ethanol gasoline, a number of factors should be considered: vehicle and fuel prices, vehicle performance and ease of use, and emissions regulations, convenient refueling, mai

3、ntenance costs, and maintenance convenience. The use of fuel ethanol and the cost effectiveness of its significant impact on the promotion of the use. According to China's specific circumstance</p><p>　　

4、（1）Fuel ethanol production costs of raw materials and fuel prices, the current gas and electricity prices low, methanol, ethanol is higher than the price of petrol and diesel. Only the price of fuel ethanol at less than

5、the retail price of gasoline, only the economic viability. </p><p>　　China's development of the corresponding financial subsidies or tax relief policies and environmental regulations in order to support

6、and encourage the fuel ethanol and promote the use of ethanol gasoline. However, fuel ethanol production enterprises to continuously raise the level of production and comprehensive utilization of by-product level, develo

7、p the use of rich biological resources of raw materials and lower production costs, and ensure the health of fuel ethanol, the sustained developme</p><p>　?。?）Water storage and transportation of ethanol gaso

8、line ethanol fuel stratified water to the use of low-cost pipeline. Foreign transportation of fuel ethanol, commonly used by automobiles, trains, ships and other means higher costs and also pay attention to gasoline stor

9、age and transportation of ethanol in water.</p><p>　?。?）The cost of automotive technology and the use of foreign experience has shown that the fuel ethanol and flexible fuel vehicle prices high than the trad

10、itional automobile. Clean fuel vehicles used in the initial price and technical programs. According to the information, the use of ethanol gasoline, the fuel consumption of motor vehicles has increased, the performance o

11、f the engine power dropped to varying degrees; At the same time, ethanol, gasoline for vehicle fuel tank, carburetor and other</p><p>　　（4）Ethanol gasoline vehicle emissions ethanol gasoline aldol use brough

12、t about by the increase in emissions, it must attract attention and give an effective solution.</p><p>　　（5）Infrastructure supporting the commercialization of fuel ethanol applications, must have the appropr

13、iate infrastructure, that is, the fuel supply should be supporting factories, storage and transport facilities, the retail gas stations all over the country, parts supply and maintenance of networks. Infrastructure inves

14、tment required in the various clean alternative fuel, the use of fuel ethanol is relatively low.</p><p>　?。?）The development of diesel-ethanol to promote ethanol in gasoline, while diesel should also attach

15、importance to the development of ethanol. Diesel consumption in China is big country, in 1999 consumption of diesel 61.2 million tons. At present, the production of domestic oil refining industry in the fuel, diesel and

16、gasoline production ratio of consumption is lower than the market ratio between the number of diesel and petrol, the promotion of ethanol petrol, diesel supply shortage of resourc</p><p>　　With the gradual d

17、epletion of fossil resources, the further rise in oil prices, which fuel ethanol to bring a certain amount of development and historical opportunity. Diversification of the national energy supply is an important national

18、 energy strategy, in the world's future energy mix, renewable bio-energy will be one of the main body of energy, the world's increasing emphasis on fuel ethanol development and application.</p><p>　　

19、According to the State "Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol" 15 "Development Plan", China's fuel ethanol industry is positioned to promote the industrialization of agriculture, improvement of the dual struct

20、ure of the national economy, environmental protection and promotion of renewable energy use, and gradually as the goal to build a new, advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of high level of international influen

21、ce and the industry. At the national "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" that clearly need to </p><p>　　Fuel ethanol production technology development prospects, the performance in the following aspects. <

22、;/p><p>　?。?） With the prospect of fiber raw materials key technology breakthrough in ethanol and the success of the industrialized operation of the 21st century will be the greater use of grain and other agric

23、ultural products other than biomass to produce fuel ethanol, the use of land not suitable for grain and forest resources, planting appropriate energy plants. </p><p>　?。?） The prospects of production technol

24、ogy to lower raw material costs as a result of technological progress and production, fuel ethanol at progressively lower prices. </p><p>　?。?） The prospects for the development of engine technology and flex

25、ible fuel vehicles （FFV） is the application of fuel ethanol in one direction. The United States, Brazil and other countries have successfully developed the use of either gasoline or pure ethanol and pure than any match b

26、etween the two mixed-fuel vehicles flexible fuel （FFV）, is currently used in Brazil for more than a FFV vehicle 2000000. </p><p>　　In short, our country promote the use of ethanol gasoline has been out of pe

27、ople "Tenth Five-Year" plan for national economic development has been significant progress has been made. According to foreign experience, China's population and a large proportion of the agricultural econ

28、omy, rich in coal resources, the development of energy resources, distribution and utilization of scientific planning should be to strengthen the research of fuel ethanol and its application guidance; In addition, agri&l

29、t;/p><p><b>　　附 錄B</b></p><p>　　燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機遇與挑戰(zhàn)</p><p>　　目前，燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)有很大的發(fā)展機遇，但同時也面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)。選用燃料乙醇汽油，應(yīng)考慮多方面的因素：購車及燃料價格、汽車性能及使用方便性、排放法規(guī)要求，加油方便，維修費用及維修方便等問題。燃料乙醇的使用效能及費用，對其推廣使用有很

30、大影響。根據(jù)我國的具體情況，在燃料乙醇的推廣和使用方面，需要解決以下關(guān)鍵問題。</p><p>　　（1）燃料乙醇的生產(chǎn)原料及成本在燃料價格方面，目前氣體燃料及電能價格較低，甲醇、乙醇的價格高于汽油及柴油。只有燃料乙醇的價格低于汽油銷價時，才有經(jīng)濟可行性。</p><p>　　我國制定了相應(yīng)稅收減免或財政補貼政策和環(huán)保法規(guī)，以支持和鼓勵燃料乙醇及乙醇汽油的推廣使用。但燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，需要

31、不斷提高生產(chǎn)水平和副產(chǎn)品的綜合利用水平，開發(fā)使用資源豐富的生物原料，并降低生產(chǎn)成本，保證燃料乙醇企業(yè)的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。</p><p>　　（2）乙醇汽油的儲運防水乙醇汽油遇水分層，無法采用低成本的管道輸送。國外燃料乙醇的運輸，普遍采用汽車、火車、輪船等成本較高的方式，并還要注意乙醇汽油儲運中防水。</p><p>　?。?）汽車技術(shù)及使用費用國外經(jīng)驗表明，燃料乙醇及靈活燃料汽車的價格，比傳

32、統(tǒng)汽車高。清潔燃料汽車的初始價格與采用的技術(shù)方案有關(guān)。據(jù)有關(guān)資料，使用乙醇汽油后，汽車的油耗有所增加，發(fā)動機的動力性能有不同程度的下降；同時，乙醇汽油對汽車的油箱、化油器等部件的有色金屬、橡膠材料會有不同程度的腐蝕，汽車在使用乙醇汽油前，需要進行適應(yīng)性調(diào)整，增加了費用。由于我國汽車型號復(fù)雜，出廠年代跨度大，使用乙醇汽油帶來的問題就更為突出。乙醇汽油引起的汽車發(fā)動機磨損腐蝕，將會縮短汽車的使用壽命。只有加人相應(yīng)的乙醇汽油添加劑，才能解決問

33、題。這就要求生產(chǎn)與使用成本低、使用安全的乙醇汽油或乙醇柴油燃料添加劑。</p><p>　?。?）乙醇汽油汽車醇醛排放乙醇汽油使用帶來醇醛排放增加的問題，也必須引起注意，并給以有效的解決。</p><p>　?。?）配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)燃料乙醇的商品化應(yīng)用，必須具備相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，即要有配套的燃料供應(yīng)廠家、儲存及運輸設(shè)施、遍布全國的零售加油站、零部件供應(yīng)及維修網(wǎng)點?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)所需的投資大，在

34、幾種清潔代用燃料中，使用燃料乙醇相對較低。</p><p>　?。?）乙醇柴油的開發(fā)在大力推廣乙醇汽油的同時，還應(yīng)重視乙醇柴油的開發(fā)。我國是柴油消費大國，1999年消費柴油6120萬噸。目前國內(nèi)煉油行業(yè)生產(chǎn)的燃油中，柴油與汽油的生產(chǎn)量比例，低于市場消費的柴油與汽油量比例，推廣乙醇汽油后，柴油供應(yīng)資源不足的矛盾更突出。</p><p>　　隨著化石資源漸趨枯竭，油價進一步高漲，這給燃料乙醇帶

35、來了一定的發(fā)展空間和歷史機遇。國家能源供應(yīng)多元化是國家能源戰(zhàn)略一個重要方面，在世界未來的能源結(jié)構(gòu)中，可再生生物能源將是能源利用的主體之一，世界各國日益重視燃料乙醇的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　根據(jù)國家《燃料乙醇及車用乙醇“十五”發(fā)展專項規(guī)劃》，我國燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的方向是定位于推動農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化、改善國民經(jīng)濟二元結(jié)構(gòu)、保護環(huán)境和促進可再生能源利用，并以此為目標逐步建設(shè)一個全新的、工藝技術(shù)先進、綜合利用水平高和具

36、有國際影響力的產(chǎn)業(yè)。在國家“十一五”規(guī)劃中明確表示要加快發(fā)展風能、太陽能、生物質(zhì)能等可再生能源。</p><p>　　燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)技術(shù)發(fā)展前景，表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面。</p><p>　?。?）原料前景隨著纖維質(zhì)乙醇關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的突破及工業(yè)化運行成功，21世紀將更多使用糧食等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品以外的生物質(zhì)來生產(chǎn)燃料乙醇，利用不適宜于種糧食的土地及森林資源，種植適宜的能源植物。</p><p

37、>　?。?）生產(chǎn)技術(shù)前景由于原料成本降低及生產(chǎn)技術(shù)進步等，燃料乙醇的價格在逐步降低。</p><p>　?。?）發(fā)動機技術(shù)前景發(fā)展靈活燃料汽車（FFV）是燃料乙醇應(yīng)用技術(shù)的一個方向。美國、巴西等國已經(jīng)成功開發(fā)出既可使用純汽油或純乙醇及二者任意比配成混合燃料的靈活燃料汽車（FFV），目前巴西已使用的FFV汽車超過了200萬輛。</p><p>　　總之，我國乙醇汽油的推廣應(yīng)用工作，已列