外文翻譯----設計基礎的基本原理

1、<p>　　機械工程學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　教 科 部： 工業(yè)設計 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 工業(yè)設計 </p><p>　　姓 名： <

2、/p><p>　　學 號： </p><p>　　外 文 出 處： Basic design : the cultivation of </p><p>　　wisdom, reason and sensibility </p><

3、;p>　　附 件： </p><p>　　Introduction Philosophy of Basic Design</p><p>　　Design is a factor to be considered in all endeavors of art. The basic Design course

4、structure is beneficial to every student, irrespective of his or her major. Anyone taking the basic course is treated as a future designer. To achieve this, Basic Design attempts to cultivate within the student:</p>

5、;<p>　　1. The Ability to Discover and Solve Problems</p><p>　　Projects are developed so one not only finds solutions, but also creates one’s own design problems, and continually re-evaluates one’s pro

6、gress toward achieving a satisfying resolution to the problem. This means that solutions found in earlier assignments can suggest new problems for future assignments.</p><p>　　2. The Ability to Compromise<

7、;/p><p>　　As one confronts and discovers both the artificial and inherent limitations of a particular assignment, one learns to compromise and alter the original conception of the solution. This mental flexibil

8、ity allows for continual re- examination and reworking of projects in the attempt to search for more variations as a regular part of all design assignments.</p><p>　　3. Increased Creativity</p><p&

9、gt;　　Everyone is directed to discard the obvious or traditional in favor of creating one’s own unique solutions. All are encouraged to be different, and to show one’s findings in public. This is the best way to protect o

10、riginal work from being copied or imitated by others. This, along with learning new methods of analyzing design problems, opens the way for increasing creativity.</p><p>　　4. Improved Self-understanding</

11、p><p>　　Through design everyone learns to analyze and improve one’s own method of problem solving and to find what tends to block one’s creative thinking and to learn ways to overcome such obstacles. Not only d

12、ose one discovers one’s design abilities, but also learns how these abilities are able to relate to other art forms.</p><p>　　5. Craftsmanship</p><p>　　Careful craftsmanship is required on all p

13、rojects. Everyone learns patience, precision and the use of basic tools which allows one to create finished works of professional quality.</p><p>　　6. Relevance</p><p>　　This Basic Design course

14、 gives an introduction of basic geometry, engineering principles, and their relationship to artistic design. This course helps to develop abilities useful not only by artists or designers such as observation, analysis, i

15、nnovation, adaptation, planning and creativity.</p><p>　　The assignments in this Basic Design course are unique in that each project is built one on each other. This approach allows people to gain new insigh

16、ts by looking at one’s previous work. In addition, this course can direct everyone’s individuality, allowing one’s work to reflect their own personality and cultural background. All aspects of the results obtained will b

17、e beneficial.</p><p>　　Although this Basic Design course is for teachers and students of design, it can be applied to many other fields as well.</p><p>　　This book can be read in any order. Howe

18、ver, to take full advantage, it is recommended that all assignments are taken in sequence. It is crucial to use only basic drafting tools to compete each assignment rather than high tech equipment. The assignments in thi

19、s book are highly adaptable to any future studies by its reader. They are not simply focused on one area of study such as design or art or architecture but are designed to teach principles useful for everyone.</p>

20、<p>　　This book is divided into two main sections: twenty-six “issues” and twenty-eight assignments, the latter sub-divided into three parts.</p><p>　　1) The Introduction includes the philosophy of bas

21、ic design and twenty-six issues. Each issue reveals the reasons for writing this book and the philosophy of teaching design. Some issues will be illustrated with the author’s own design works.</p><p>　　2) Nu

22、merous design assignments are included in three parts--each part addresses a problem through a sequence of assignments that may seem, at first, to be unrelated. An illustration appears at the end of each of the parts for

23、 review.</p><p>　　a. Part one starts with adding a third dimension to a square--challenging 2D and 3D as one. All assignments that follow allow one to go through changes, improving the senses through compari

24、son and the ability to rationally understand the results.</p><p>　　b. Part two begins with marking a joint out of two pieces of paper, and follows many related lessons. This leads to the design of a new font

25、 based on all 26 letters of the alphabet.</p><p>　　c. Part three deals with the visual connection between two letters. Working with geometric principles, one learns to simplify the drawing process, and to un

26、derstand and work with negative spaces. The concepts of mass production and work with 2D and 3D modular systems are introduced.</p><p><b>　　設計基礎的基本原理</b></p><p>　　在所有的藝術行業(yè)中，設計是一個必須要考

27、慮的因素。不論他或她主修什么專業(yè)，設計基礎課程的結構應該適用于每一個學生。作為一名未來的設計師都應該學習有關的基礎課程。為了達到這一個目標，設計基礎要培養(yǎng)學生：</p><p>　　1.能夠去發(fā)現和解決問題</p><p>　　一個項目的開發(fā)不僅要找到解決方案的途徑，同時也會不斷暴露出自己設計中的問題，與此同時，不斷的去重新評估，然后找到一個最佳的解決問題的辦法。這就可能在過去任務中找到解

28、決問題方法時會在接下來的任務中再次出現新的問題。</p><p><b>　　2.能夠去溝通</b></p><p>　　當面對特殊任務時，由于個人思考問題的局限性，應該學會去和別人溝通，并且要嘗試著改變自己過去解決問題的想法。作為設計任務的一部分，心理的調節(jié)是非常重要的，要不斷的重新測試和項目改造，以此來尋求更多的變化。</p><p>&l

29、t;b>　　3.提高創(chuàng)新能力</b></p><p>　　每個人要會摒棄那些表面的、傳統(tǒng)的部分，這樣有利于創(chuàng)造出具有獨特見解的解決問題的方法。應該提倡創(chuàng)新，鼓勵大家公開自己的觀點。這也是保護原作不被其他人復制或模仿的最好方法。隨著學習了如何分析設計中存在問題的新方法，創(chuàng)新能力也就得到了提高。</p><p><b>　　4.提高理解能力</b><

30、;/p><p>　　通過設計，每個人學會去分析問題和解決問題的方法，從中找出阻礙創(chuàng)造性思維的問題，同時去掌握克服這些障礙的方法。一個人不僅要能清楚自己的設計能力有多高，而且要知道怎樣去更好地將設計能力運用到不同的藝術形式中去。</p><p><b>　　5.技巧</b></p><p>　　在所有項目中，細膩的技術是很有必要的。每個人學會有耐心和

31、嚴謹，這樣可以創(chuàng)造出高質量作品的基本工具的使用方法。</p><p><b>　　6.其他</b></p><p>　　這個設計基礎課程包括幾何基礎、工程原理以及它們與藝術設計之間關系等內容。該課程有助于提高各方面的能力，例如觀察、分析、創(chuàng)新、適應、規(guī)劃和創(chuàng)造力等，不僅僅是只對藝術家和設計師有利的。</p><p>　　設計基礎課程任務是獨特的

32、，它的每項內容都是建立在其它內容基礎上的。這樣使人們通過觀察一個人的前期工作就能得到新的見解。此外，這個課程能反映出每個人的個性，使得每個人在工作時都體現出自己的個性和文化背景。</p><p>　　盡管這個設計課程是為與設計專業(yè)有關的老師和學生而開設的，可它同樣適用于其他很多的專業(yè)領域。</p><p>　　你可以按任何次序來學習這本書。但是想充分掌握它，那就要求所有的任務按照一定的順序

33、來進行，關鍵是要只用手繪形式去完成每一個設計任務，而不是用高科技設備。在很大程度上對讀者而言，這本書中的任務適用于任何對未來的研究。它們并不是簡單的側重于研究某個方面，例如設計或者藝術或者建筑等，而重點在于講授一個原則、一種方法，這樣的話就適用于每一個讀者。</p><p>　　這本書被分為兩大主要的內容：二十六個問題和二十八個任務，后者又分為三個部分。</p><p>　　1)緒論包括了

34、設計基礎的基本原理和二十六個問題。每一個問題都揭示了寫這本書的原因和設計教學的基本原理。有些問題將會結合作者的個人作品來進行說明。</p><p>　　2)三個部分里面包含了眾多的設計任務——每一個部分都是在一系列起初看起來不相關的任務中去解決一個個問題。在每一個回顧部分的末尾都配有一幅插圖。</p><p>　　a.第一部分從增加一個第三層面到一個區(qū)域——挑戰(zhàn)2D和3D開始。下面所有的任

35、務都要通過三個方面進行：變化、由對比而調整感覺以及正確認識結果的能力。</p><p>　　b.第二部分從給兩張紙要去做一個聯合而開始，要遵循許多相關課程的經驗。這樣就會得到一個基于字母表26個字母的新字體的設計。</p><p>　　c.第三部分主要是處理兩個字母之間的視覺聯系。運用幾何原則去開展，一個人要學會簡化繪制過程，并且要能去理解你的任務，同時要能在逆境中工作。在這本書中還介紹了