外文翻譯----發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)拉缸問(wèn)題探討

1、<p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)拉缸問(wèn)題探討 摘要 ：簡(jiǎn)述發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)拉缸的機(jī)理，分析造成發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)拉缸的原因，并提出了防止拉缸的措施。關(guān)鍵詞：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 拉缸 預(yù)防措施</p><p>　　前言 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在工作過(guò)程中常常遇到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)拉缸現(xiàn)象，所謂拉缸，就是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的活塞環(huán)或活塞與缸套的工作表面出現(xiàn)拉傷、拉毛、拉成溝槽的現(xiàn)象。拉缸具有相當(dāng)?shù)奈：Γ讜r(shí)缸套的的磨損率很高，最高可達(dá)正常的幾百

2、倍，使活塞、活塞環(huán)及缸套的壽命大為降低，使活塞與缸套咬死，造成發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)損壞。因此，掌握拉缸形成的機(jī)理，認(rèn)真分析造成拉缸的原因，研究預(yù)防措施，對(duì)避免拉缸的產(chǎn)生具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。</p><p>　　一.拉缸形成的機(jī)理 拉缸的機(jī)理，直觀地說(shuō)，就是活塞或活塞環(huán)與缸套之間局部產(chǎn)生高溫使環(huán)與缸套產(chǎn)生高溫熔蝕粘附，活塞與缸套之間的油膜中斷是產(chǎn)生拉缸的主要原因，活塞與缸套之間的油膜一旦中斷，則兩種金屬就產(chǎn)生干磨擦，由于

3、高速的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的高溫會(huì)超過(guò)金屬的熔點(diǎn)，引起活塞、活塞環(huán)與缸套表面產(chǎn)生熔蝕粘附，活塞繼續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，兩表面熔蝕粘附點(diǎn)又被扯斷，產(chǎn)生拉缸。 二.造成發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)拉缸的原因 1.超負(fù)荷 新機(jī)械或剛大修出廠的機(jī)械都存在一個(gè)合理的磨合期，磨合期內(nèi)不能全速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)速不應(yīng)大于標(biāo)定轉(zhuǎn)速的80%，由于在磨合階段，各配合面最有利的工作表面和潤(rùn)滑油膜還未形成，在這個(gè)階段就以大負(fù)荷工作，將造成過(guò)熱，局部產(chǎn)生高溫熔蝕粘附，形成拉缸。 2

4、.活塞與缸套配合間隙過(guò)小 從密封角度來(lái)講，活塞與缸套配合間隙越小越好，但如果太小，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)，產(chǎn)生的高溫使活塞、活塞環(huán)、缸套受熱膨脹。由于活塞的膨脹系數(shù)比活塞環(huán)、缸套的膨脹系數(shù)大，因此，活塞受熱后的膨脹量比缸套膨脹量大，這樣將破壞活塞與缸套之間的油膜，導(dǎo)致拉缸。 3.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度過(guò)高 由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度過(guò)高，使活塞膨脹</p><p>　　參考文獻(xiàn)： [1] 張慶榮，李太杰．工程機(jī)械修

5、理學(xué)[M] ．北京：人民交通出版社，1986. [2] 嚴(yán)立，余憲海．內(nèi)燃機(jī)磨損可靠性技術(shù)[M] ．北京：人民交通出版社，1992.轉(zhuǎn)貼于 中國(guó)論文下載中心 http://www.studa.net</p><p>　　Discussion pull cylinder engine</p><p>　　Abstract: The pull-cylinder engine mecha

6、nism, analyze the reasons for the engine cylinder scoring, and put forward measures to prevent the pull-cylinder.</p><p>　　Keywords: engine cylinder scoring preventive measuresIntroduction</p><p&

7、gt;　　In the course of the engine is often encountered in the engine cylinder scoring phenomenon, the so-called pull-cylinder, that is, engine piston rings or piston and cylinder liner surface of the work injury, nap, pul

8、l into the groove phenomenon.Pull cylinder considerable harm, pull the cylinder when the cylinder liner wear rate is high, up to several hundred times the normal, so that the piston, piston ring and cylinder liner greatl

9、y reduced life expectancy, so that the piston and cylinder liner </p><p>　　2. caused by the engine cylinder causes a pull. Overload of new machinery or just overhaul the mechanical factory there a reasonable

10、 run-in period, running-in period and can operate at full speed, speed should not exceed 80% of the speed calibration, due to running-in period, each with the face of the most favorable working surface and the lubricatin

11、g oil film has not yet formed at this stage the big load of work, it will cause overheating and partial melting high-temperature corrosion resulting</p><p>　　3. piston and cylinder with the gap is too small

12、from its sealed perspective, the piston and cylinder with the gap as small as possible, but if too small, engine work, the resulting heat to the piston, piston rings, cylinder liner thermal expansion.As the piston expans

13、ion coefficient than the piston ring, cylinder liner expansion coefficient, therefore, than the expansion of the piston cylinder after heat expansion of volume, which would undermine the oil film between the piston and c

14、ylinder lin</p><p>　　4. the engine temperature is too high due to the engine temperature is too high, so that excessive expansion of the piston to eliminate with the gap, resulting in cylinder scoring.Causin

15、g the engine temperature is too high the main reasons: </p><p>　　A. cooling system leaks, water cylinder gasket washed or wet water crossings highlight the amount of cylinder does not meet the requirements,

16、as well as wet-aging or damaged cylinder seal ring will result in leakage of cooling water in.Radiator has been corrosion or damage, aging of the pipe break something, plumbing joints loose, water pump seal damage and so

17、 on, would give rise to the cooling water that leaked.In addition, the cylinder head casting itself is defective or improper use can also </p><p>　　B. a long long time overload overload the use of the engine

18、 to use, the engine will generate a lot of heat, cooling system can not disperse the excess heat, so that the engine can not maintain the normal operating temperature, so that the engine produces heat.</p><p&g

19、t;　　C. thermostat failure, no major role of circulating thermostat is to control the water temperature in a certain range, in the water temperature is low, the thermostat off, water from the thermostat directly through t

20、he bypass pipe flow back into the cooling water pump, withoutradiator, which is the process of cooling water-cycle.When the water temperature rose to a certain extent, the thermostat automatically open, the water circula

21、ting through the radiator, which is a large cycle of cooling wat</p><p>　　D. damage to force the cooling water pump in the engine cooling water between the water jacket and the radiator is cooled by circulat

22、ing water pumps, cooling water pump is damaged, the cooling water is not circulating, the engine output also can not produce heat emitted to the atmosphere through the water cycle to the, causing the engine temperature i

23、s too high.</p><p>　　E. watercourse or cooler air by the water shut-off is bound to cause obstruction to reduce the cycle of water, thereby affecting the heat dissipation.Cooler air by blocking, affecting th

24、e effective thermal radiator area, effective heat dissipation area of reduced ability to decrease heat dissipation, which would make the engine caused by excess heat is not distributed the engine temperature is too high.

25、</p><p>　　F. fuel injection advance angle is too small or too large injector fuel injection advance angle is too small, so that combustion pushed back, resulting in increased complement combustion, fuel inje

26、ction combustion heat generated by excessive increase in both cases will cause the enginetemperature is too high.</p><p>　　5. oil is not less than the amount of oil required inspections, or in the work proce

27、ss due to loosening caused by oil leakage of oil pipes, can cause interruption of lubricating oil film, the surface loss of oil piston and cylinder, causing serious wear and tear, occurred pull cylinder, burning rodBeari

28、ng such serious incidents, especially in the work process due to oil leakage, failure to make timely discovery, will have serious consequences.Caused by the surface of the piston and the cylinder </p><p>　　6

29、. metamorphic engine oil lubricants cause deterioration of lubrication between the piston and cylinder liner deterioration in the terms, accelerated wear and tear caused pull-cylinder, resulting in deterioration of the m

30、ain reasons oil: a. cooling water, fuel oil due to leakage into the crankcase under the b.the dust mixed with too much under the crankcase </p><p>　　7. piston pin and piston assembly of tight piston pin and

31、piston assembly too tight, so that the piston deformation, the formation of anti-oval, changing the normal standards of space, form a partial destruction of oil film clearance is too small, causing dryFriction pull cylin

32、der overheating.</p><p>　　8. repair Repair of assembly error, assembly error, leakage loaded piston pin snap ring or fully loaded tank, the engine piston pin sprang at work scratching caused by pulling cylin

33、der liner.Installation, cleaning work is poor, the hard objects of metal scrap or crushed into the tank, can cause pulling cylinder.In addition, the piston rings installed wrong, install anti-, leakage may be caused by p

34、ulling cylinder installed.Of oil and gas piston ring of the sub-ring, oil ring is mainly used to sc</p><p>　　1. and drivers must be in strict compliance with operating procedures before starting </p>

35、<p>　　A.must require that the inspection of lubricating oil, cooling water to check for compliance, required to make up for insufficient check to determine whether the deterioration oil, lubricating oil wasmilky whi

36、te water is generally caused by thinning and lubricating oil shows a diesel smell into the diesel, lubricant deterioration causes should be identified, removed, replace the oil.To strictly enforce the maintenance of the

37、system, scheduled for cases of insurance, maintenance and a maintenance</p><p>　　B. do not overload operation.Meng did not start after refueling door, especially in the cold winter, subject to a few minutes

38、and then started to run low-speed operation.c. the event of unusual circumstances, such as low oil pressure, water temperature high, abnormal noise, etc., should be promptly removed, insisted on not sick job.</p>

39、<p>　　2. In the repair of assembly, it should be strict compliance with technical standards and process requirements </p><p>　　A. For new ones to be used in parts one by one for testing the non-complian

40、t parts cut out and can not believe that the new product is qualified product.</p><p>　　B. Install cylinder, the cylinder should be flat, the pressure to the role of the middle of the cylinder, and slowly pr

41、essurized, do not use impact.After you install, testing, testing whether the cylinder and piston assembly clearance gap meet the required standards.Similarly, the detection of piston ring and groove side clearance, backl

42、ash, piston ring end gap and piston pin hole with live seat assembly clearance compliance with regulatory requirements, check whether there are cracks as well as</p><p>　　3 .(terminal gaps, backlash, backlas

43、h) in check is the piston rod assembly of a focus group, in particular the end-gap size is particularly important at the slightest mistake could result in pull-cylinder, ring end gap of the inspection shouldcarried out a

44、ccording to process requirements, check the piston ring end gap of the process requirements are: the ring into the cylinder, the piston ring with the piston at the top of the roof into the cylinder where the top ring to

45、the piston stroke measur</p><p>　　4. carefully check the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft installation position deviation, demand technical specifications that meet standards for calibration.4. In the m

46、arket to buy the piston, is hard to determine strengths and weaknesses, in the best pre-assembled to eliminate the stress treatment, about 60-80 degrees on the piston heating oil in 6 hours, in order to eliminate the str

47、ess, so that after the piston assembly and stability.</p><p>　　5. install piston rings must be installed in every province, when a position where the can not be installed wrong, loaded trans, drain installat

48、ion, pay attention to directions, twist ring round incision upward, cylindrical cut down, marked side facing up, at the same time, in the load cylinder must be clean and processing certain lubricants, each province shoul

49、d be required to stagger the ring I, ring opening with the first axis of the crankshaft at 45 degrees, the remaining openings in each pr</p><p>　　6. assembly is completed, must be approved by the thermal run

50、-in 15 hours or so, testing run-in should be the first low-speed operation, and then medium-speed operation, should pay attention to noise, oil pressure, water temperature, etc., in determining no anomalies, and then put

51、 into production.In short, as long as we grasp the cylinder caused by pulling the reasons for the scientific management and the proper use of and strictly abide by rules to implement preventive measures, we will be able&

52、lt;/p><p>　　References:</p><p>　　[1] ZHANG Qing-rong, Li Tai-kit.Engineering machine repair school [M].Beijing: People's Communications Press, 1986. </p><p>　　[2] Yan, Yu Xian sea.