外文翻譯---玉米醇溶蛋白研究進(jìn)展

1、<p><b>　　中文2387字</b></p><p><b>　　外文文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　The zein study progress</p><p>　　Abstract This paper introduces the composition of the zein, zein ext

2、raction, bleaching, and the application of research.</p><p>　　Keywords: zein protein;; application</p><p>　　Zein (zein) 1821 isolated from corn, and from this has been the concern of scientists.

3、 However, because of the lack of lysine, tryptophan and other essential amino acids, so its biological value. Gliadin insoluble in water limits its application in food. Are sold as low-value feed protein, only 200 U.S. d

4、ollars per ton on the international, the domestic price of 2,500 yuan. Gliadin hydrophobic, has a strong heat resistance and lipid, protein proline, alanine, leucine, gliadin film formation, adh</p><p>　　The

5、 composition of the zein</p><p>　　Zein, corn proteins, including both alpha and beta. alpha-Zain can be dissolved in the volume fraction of 95% ethanol solution of alpha-Zain histidine, arginine, proline, me

6、thionine content of less. beta-Zain can be dissolved in a volume fraction of 60% ethanol solution, due to the unstable beta-Zain nature, prone to precipitation and solidification, is not suitable for industrial productio

7、n. Therefore, the industrial production of commonly used alpha-Zain.</p><p>　　2.Extraction of zeinextracted with ethanol, isopropanol extraction and ultrasonic extraction. Ethanol extraction method is used

8、more. The ethanol extract of the general method is to use 90% 95% ethanol solution was extracted, diluted with water 60% ethanol to re-extraction, centrifugation. However, the extract thus obtained contains the gliadin a

9、nd more corn lipid, can not meet the requirements of the production of film and the preparation of gliadin protein product of high purity. Most of the </p><p>　　3 zein applications3.1 antioxidants Zein h

10、ydrolyzate with antioxidant activity. Global Research successfully developed a fatty acid dissolved in a solution of zein and dried fixed oils, for example, linoleic acid and 4 times the amount of gliadin, the spray-drie

11、d powder obtained was dissolved in ethanol, has a high resistance oxidation and oxidation stability. The fish oil fatty acids with 2 times the amount of zein dissolved in 80% ethanol and dried to obtain a film, monoglyce

12、rides, diglyce</p><p>　　3.2 Alternate gum baseZein alternative made ??of gum base has many advantages, chewing gum adhesion, biodegradable, easy to digest. These properties are not synthetic gum base. Appli

13、cation of cornGliadin alternative to chewing gum base is expanding gliadin applications in other areas of food via. The Zhang Zhong developed of zein Alternate gum base chewing gum, using a 25% substitution of the resul

14、ting chewing gum having a similar nature with 100% of the gum base chewing gum, both preferably v</p><p>　　3.3 Perishable roleZein amino terminus with leucine, alanine, proline, and other non-polar hydropho

15、bic group, and therefore has a strong hydrophobicity, which was dissolved in ethanol solution can be made of an edible coating film . Such membranes in the case of without adding any crosslinking agents, tanning agents,

16、with a good moisture resistance, such a film forming speed is faster, the storage stability under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, good barrier properties against oxy</p><p>　　3.4 candy shelfC

17、andy deterioration phenomenon is water-absorbing deformation, zein film has a water resistance coating candy enhance the appearance of better shape retention. This edible film coating also avoids the need to deal with th

18、e problem of plastic packaging materials. Wenjing study found that oleic acid and glycerol, shellac complex protein membrane waterproof best viewed from the outside coated with oleic acid and shellac membrane protein epi

19、dermal best, better shape retention, enjoy </p><p>　　3.5 Drug Delivery MaterialsIn recent years, the microsphere technique is widely used in the treatment of many diseases the microsphere drug concentration

20、 of the drug in the blood can be maintained, carrying the drug to reach a particular cell or tissue. A wide range of artificial and natural biodegradable polymer is used for the production of microspheres. Zein can be fo

21、rmed a hard, smooth, hydrophobic and antibacterial film being actively developed in the wall material made ??of microspheres.</p><p>　　4 ConclusionZein has a unique nature, has many potential applications i

22、n food, pharmaceuticals and other high commercial value. China is corn-producing countries, rich in raw materials. But the degree of China's corn deep processing and comprehensive development rate gap compared with d

23、eveloped countries, there is no large-scale production of zein, this is indeed very regrettable. Zein development applications depend primarily on the the gliadin extraction and purification, to find more efficie</p&g

24、t;<p><b>　　外文譯文</b></p><p>　　玉米醇溶蛋白研究進(jìn)展</p><p>　　摘要 本文介紹了玉米醇溶蛋白的組成, 綜述了玉米醇溶蛋白在提取, 脫色和應(yīng)用方面的研究新進(jìn)展。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞: 玉米醇溶蛋白；研究；應(yīng)用</p><p>　　玉米醇溶蛋白( zein) 1

25、821年從玉米中分離出來(lái), 從此一直受到科學(xué)家的關(guān)注。但因其缺少賴氨酸、色氨酸等人體必需氨基酸, 所以其生物學(xué)價(jià)值低。醇溶蛋白不溶于水限制了其在食品中的應(yīng)用。過(guò)去均作為低價(jià)值飼料蛋白出售, 國(guó)際上每噸僅200多美元, 國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)2500元左右。醇溶蛋白疏水性高, 具有很強(qiáng)的耐熱性和耐脂性, 蛋白中脯氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸多, 醇溶蛋白有覆膜形成性、黏結(jié)性、凝膠化性等外觀特征, 還有腸溶性和抗氧化特點(diǎn)。在食品工業(yè)中, 玉米醇溶蛋白可以作為被膜劑

26、, 即以噴霧方式在食品表面形成一個(gè)涂層, 可防潮、防氧化, 從而延長(zhǎng)食品貨架期。噴在水果上, 還能增加光澤。此外, 還能用于藥物的長(zhǎng)效囊膜。因此開(kāi)發(fā)醇溶蛋白的新用途, 得到國(guó)內(nèi)外研究工作者越來(lái)越多的重視。玉米醇溶蛋白可以從玉米粉中提取, 也可以從玉米分離淀粉后的玉米渣中提取, 后者成本低。從玉米渣中提取醇溶蛋白的商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)始于1939年。目前全球的玉米醇溶蛋白主要由美國(guó)和日本的公司生產(chǎn), 依據(jù)純度不同每公斤10 40美元。玉米醇溶蛋白是

27、高商業(yè)價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品, 但是我國(guó)還未能形成規(guī)模生產(chǎn), 相關(guān)的研究也較少。本文主要介紹近幾年來(lái)玉</p><p><b>　　玉米醇溶蛋白的組成</b></p><p>　　玉米醇溶蛋白, 是玉米中的蛋白質(zhì),包括α和β兩種。α—Zain可溶于體積分?jǐn)?shù)為95%的乙醇溶液，α—Zain中的組氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、蛋氨酸含量較少。β—Zain可溶于體積分?jǐn)?shù)為60%的乙醇溶液，由于

28、β—Zain性質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定，易產(chǎn)生沉淀和凝固，不適于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。所以工業(yè)上生產(chǎn)中常用α—Zain。</p><p>　　2．玉米醇溶蛋白的提取</p><p>　　玉米醇溶蛋白可以用乙醇提取, 異丙醇提取和超聲波法提取。乙醇提取法用的較多。乙醇提取的一般方法是用90% 95% 的乙醇溶液萃取,加水稀釋乙醇到60%再萃取, 離心。但是這樣得到的提取物包含醇溶蛋白和較多的玉米脂質(zhì), 不能滿足利用醇溶

29、蛋白生產(chǎn)膜和制取高純度蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的要求。大部分的脂質(zhì)可以另外添加正己烷或者乙醇萃取除去, 但是這會(huì)增加成本, 且效果不太好。通過(guò)多次稀釋提取液反復(fù)萃取的方法,可以得到蛋白質(zhì)含量90%以上, 脂質(zhì)含量10% 以下的提取物。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明, 先稀釋乙醇到55% , 再稀釋提取液到50% 萃取出一定的提取物, 從這部分物質(zhì)中離心沉淀出醇溶蛋白質(zhì), 其中脂質(zhì)的含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于僅經(jīng)過(guò)一步將乙醇稀釋到40% 而萃取出的蛋白質(zhì)中脂質(zhì)的含量。以該方法可以生產(chǎn)出純

30、度較高的玉米醇溶蛋白</p><p>　　3.玉米醇溶蛋白的應(yīng)用</p><p><b>　　3.1抗氧化劑</b></p><p>　　玉米醇溶蛋白自身及水解產(chǎn)物具有抗氧化性。國(guó)外研究開(kāi)發(fā)成功將脂肪酸溶解于玉米醇溶蛋白的溶液中進(jìn)行干燥固定油脂, 例如將亞油酸及4倍其量的醇溶蛋白溶于乙醇中, 噴霧干燥得到的粉末, 有很高的抗氧化性和抗氧化穩(wěn)定性

31、。將魚(yú)油脂肪酸與2 倍其量的玉米醇溶蛋白溶于80% 乙醇中干燥得到的膜, 單甘油酯、二甘油酯、三甘油酯與玉米醇溶蛋白溶于乙醇中分別成膜,均有很強(qiáng)的抗氧化性。因此, 玉米醇溶蛋白是易氧化的高度不飽和脂肪酸抗氧化及保持抗氧化穩(wěn)定性的最合適的材料。在油脂食品中作用十分顯著,應(yīng)用潛力巨大。</p><p>　　3.2替代口香糖膠基</p><p>　　玉米醇溶蛋白替代膠基制成的口香糖有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),

32、咀嚼后不黏附, 有生物降解性, 易消化。這些性質(zhì)是人工合成的膠基所沒(méi)有的。應(yīng)用玉米</p><p>　　醇溶蛋白替代口香糖膠基是擴(kuò)大醇溶蛋白在其他食品領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的途經(jīng)之一。張鐘等研制了玉米醇溶蛋白替代膠基的口香糖, 采用25% 替代量所得的口香糖具有與100%膠基的口香糖相類似的性質(zhì), 既有較好的黏彈性和硬度, 較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間咀嚼的特點(diǎn), 又有類似膠姆糖的口感, 同時(shí)還具有營(yíng)養(yǎng)、部分可消化的特點(diǎn)。此外,科研人員還研制了玉

33、米醇溶蛋白, 大豆分離蛋白和蘆薈濃縮汁制成的營(yíng)養(yǎng)保健口香糖。</p><p><b>　　3.3保鮮作用</b></p><p>　　玉米醇溶蛋白的氨基酸末端帶有亮氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸等非極性憎水基團(tuán), 因此具有較強(qiáng)的疏水性, 將其溶于乙醇溶液可制成可食性涂膜。這種膜在無(wú)需添加任何交聯(lián)劑、鞣制劑的情況下, 具有良好的防潮性, 這種膜成膜速度快,高溫高濕條件下貯藏穩(wěn)定,

34、 對(duì)氧氣和二氧化碳阻隔性好, 并有一定的抗菌功能。</p><p>　　目前, 保鮮肉類的涂膜材料有殼聚糖、大豆蛋白、小麥面筋蛋白、角叉膠等, 汪學(xué)榮等首次利用玉米醇溶蛋白作為涂膜主料來(lái)保鮮牛肉草莓保鮮草莓皮極薄, 在采收和運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中極易遭受微生物侵染, 且失水速度快, 易失去光澤, 商品價(jià)值下降。目前還未找到理想的保鮮方法, 張平等用玉米醇溶蛋白保鮮膜對(duì)草莓進(jìn)行了保鮮實(shí)驗(yàn)。采用復(fù)合保鮮劑: 醇溶蛋白1.75%

35、, 蔗糖0.3%, 甘油0.18% , 并輔以0.02% 乳化劑與防腐劑, 保鮮效果較好。</p><p><b>　　3.4糖果保質(zhì)</b></p><p>　　糖果變質(zhì)的主要現(xiàn)象是吸水變形, 玉米醇溶蛋白膜具有阻水性, 涂膜后糖果的保形性增強(qiáng)外觀較好。這種可食性薄膜涂層還避免了塑料包裝材料需要處理的問(wèn)題。李文靜等研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 加入油酸和甘油、蟲(chóng)膠的復(fù)合蛋白膜防水性最

36、好,由外觀看涂油酸和蟲(chóng)膠的蛋白膜表皮最好, 保形性也較好, 品嘗口感變化不大, 保香性亦較理想, 而未涂膜的吸水率最高。最佳的復(fù)合可食用保鮮膜較好的配比為0.4mL3%的甘油, 0.3mL油酸, 0.3mL蟲(chóng)膠, 10mL10%的醇溶蛋白, 在40℃下成膜。</p><p><b>　　3.5藥物緩釋材料</b></p><p>　　近年來(lái), 微球技術(shù)廣泛的應(yīng)用于很多

37、疾病的治療, 微球藥可以維持血液中的藥物濃度, 運(yùn)載藥物到達(dá)特殊的細(xì)胞或組織。各式各樣人工和天然的生物可降解聚合體被用來(lái)生產(chǎn)微球材料。玉米醇溶蛋白可以形成堅(jiān)硬、光滑、疏水性和抗菌性的膜, 因此被積極地開(kāi)發(fā)制成微球壁材。</p><p><b>　　4.結(jié)束語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　玉米醇溶蛋白擁有獨(dú)特的性質(zhì), 在食品醫(yī)藥等方面的應(yīng)用潛力巨大, 商業(yè)價(jià)值很高。我國(guó)