外文翻譯---發(fā)展中的應(yīng)用軟件delphi

1、<p><b>　　中文3000字</b></p><p><b>　　附錄2 英文翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　英文部分</b></p><p>　　rDeveloping applications with Delphi</p><p>　　Borla

2、nd Delphi is an object-oriented, visual programming environment to develop32-bit applications for deployment on Windows and Linux. Using Delphi, you can create highly efficient applications with a minimum of manual codin

3、g.</p><p>　　Delphi provides a suite of Rapid Application Development (RAD) design tools,including programming wizards and application and form templates, and supports object-oriented programming with a compr

4、ehensive class library that includes:</p><p>　　? The Visual Component Library (VCL), which includes objects that encapsulate theWindows API as well as other useful programming techniques (Windows).</p>

5、<p>　　? The Borland Component Library for Cross-Platform (CLX), which includes objects that encapsulate the Qt library (Windows or Linux).</p><p>　　This chapter briefly describes the Delphi developmen

6、t environment and how it fitsinto the development life cycle. The rest of this manual provides technical details ondeveloping general-purpose, database, Internet and Intranet applications, creatingActiveX and COM control

7、s, and writing your own components.</p><p>　　Integrated development environment</p><p>　　When you start Delphi, you are immediately placed within the integrated development environment, also cal

8、led the IDE. This IDE provides all the tools you need to design, develop, test, debug, and deploy applications, allowing rapid prototyping and a shorter development time.</p><p>　　The IDE includes all the to

9、ols necessary to start designing applications, such as the:</p><p>　　? Form Designer, or form, a blank window on which to design the user interface (UI) for your application.</p><p>　　? Componen

10、t palette for displaying visual and nonvisual components you can use to design your user interface.</p><p>　　? Object Inspector for examining and changing an object’s properties and events.</p><p&

11、gt;　　? Object TreeView for displaying and changing a components’ logical relationships.</p><p>　　? Code editor for writing and editing the underlying program logic.</p><p>　　? Project Manager fo

12、r managing the files that make up one or more projects.</p><p>　　? Integrated debugger for finding and fixing errors in your code.</p><p>　　? Many other tools such as property editors to change

13、the values for an object’s property.</p><p>　　? Command-line tools including compilers, linkers, and other utilities.</p><p>　　? Extensive class libraries with many reusable objects. Many of the

14、 objects provided in the class library are accessible in the IDE from the Component palette. By convention, the names of objects in the class library begin with a T, such as TStatusBar. Names of objects that begin with a

15、 Q are based on the Qt library and are used for cross-platform applications.</p><p>　　Some tools may not be included in all editions of the product.</p><p>　　A more complete overview of the deve

16、lopment environment is presented in the Quick Start manual included with the product. In addition, the online Help system provides help on all menus, dialog boxes, and windows.</p><p>　　Designing application

17、s</p><p>　　You can design any kind of 32-bit application—from general-purpose utilities to sophisti ated data access programs or distributed applications.</p><p>　　As you visually design the use

18、r interface for your application, the Form Designer generates the underlying Delphi code to support the application. As you select and modify the properties of components and forms, the results of those changes appear au

19、tomatically in the source code, and vice versa. You can modify the source files directly with any text editor, including the built-in Code editor. The changes you make are immediately reflected in the visual environment.

20、c</p><p>　　You can create your own components using the Delphi language. Most of the components provided are written in Delphi. You can add components that you write to the Component palette and customize th

21、e palette for your use by including new tabs if needed.</p><p>　　You can also design applications that run on both Linux and Windows by using CLX components. CLX contains a set of classes that, if used inste

22、ad of those in the VCL, allows your program to port between Windows and Linux. Refer to Chapter 15, “Developing cross-platform applications” for details about cross-platform programming and the differences between the Wi

23、ndows and Linux environments. If you are using Kylix while developing cross-platform applications, Kylix also includes a Developer’s Guide</p><p>　　Chapter 8, “Building applications, components, and librarie

24、s,” introduces support for different types of applications.</p><p>　　Creating projects</p><p>　　All application development revolves around projects. When you create an application in Delphi you

25、 are creating a project. A project is a collection of files that make up an application. Some of these files are created at design time. Others are generated automatically when you compile the project source code.</p&

26、gt;<p>　　You can view the contents of a project in a project management tool called the Project Manager. The Project Manager lists, in a hierarchical view, the unit names, the forms contained in the unit (if there

27、 is one), and shows the paths to the files in the project. Although you can edit many of these files directly, it is often easier and more reliable to use the visual tools.</p><p>　　At the top of the project

28、 hierarchy is a group file. You can combine multiple projects into a project group. This allows you to open more than one project at a time in the Project Manager. Project groups let you organize and work on related proj

29、ects, such as applications that function together or parts of a multi-tiered application. If you are only working on one project, you do not need a project group file to create an application.</p><p>　　Proje

30、ct files, which describe individual projects, files, and associated options, have a .dpr extension. Project files contain directions for building an application or shared object. When you add and remove files using the P

31、roject Manager, the project file is updated. You specify project options using a Project Options dialog which has tabs for various aspects of your project such as forms, application, and compiler. These project options a

32、re stored in the project file with the project.</p><p>　　Units and forms are the basic building blocks of an application. A project can share any existing form and unit file including those that reside outsi

33、de the project directory tree. This includes custom procedures and functions that have been written as standalone routines.</p><p>　　If you add a shared file to a project, realize that the file is not copied

34、 into the current project directory; it remains in its current location. Adding the shared file to the current project registers the file name and path in the uses clause of the project file. Delphi automatically handles

35、 this as you add units to a project. </p><p>　　When you compile a project, it does not matter where the files that make up the project reside. The compiler treats shared files the same as those created by th

36、e project itself.</p><p>　　Editing code</p><p>　　The Code editor is a full-featured ASCII editor. If using the visual programming environment, a form is automatically displayed as part of a new

37、project. You can start designing your application interface by placing objects on the form and modifying how they work in the Object Inspector. But other programming tasks, such as writing event handlers for objects, mus

38、t be done by typing the code.</p><p>　　The contents of the form, all of its properties, its components, and their properties can be viewed and edited as text in the Code editor. You can adjust the generated

39、code in the Code editor and add more components within the editor by typing code. As you type code into the editor, the compiler is constantly scanning for changes and updating the form with the new layout. You can then

40、go back to the form, view and test the changes you made in the editor, and continue adjusting the form from ther</p><p>　　The code generation and property streaming systems are completely open to inspection.

41、 The source code for everything that is included in your final executable file—all of the VCL objects, CLX objects, RTL sources, and project files—can be viewed and edited in the Code editor.</p><p>　　Compil

42、ing applications</p><p>　　When you have finished designing your application interface on the form and writing additional code so it does what you want, you can compile the project from the IDE or from the co

43、mmand line. </p><p>　　All projects have as a target a single distributable executable file. You can view or test your application at various stages of development by compiling, building, or running it: </

44、p><p>　　? When you compile, only units that have changed since the last compile are recompiled.</p><p>　　? When you build, all units in the project are compiled, regardless of whether they have cha

45、nged since the last compile. This technique is useful when you are unsure of exactly which files have or have not been changed, or when you simply want to ensure that all files are current and synchronized. It's also

46、 important to build when you've changed global compiler directives to ensure that all code compiles in the proper state.You can also test the validity of your source code without attempting to</p><p>　　?

47、 When you run, you compile and then execute your application. If you modified the source code since the last compilation, the compiler recompiles those changed modules and relinks your application.</p><p>　　

48、If you have grouped several projects together, you can compile or build all projects in a single project group at once. Choose Project|Compile All Projects or Project|Build All Projects with the project group selected in

49、 the Project Manager. </p><p>　　Note To compile a CLX application on Linux, you need Kylix.</p><p>　　Debugging applications</p><p>　　With the integrated debugger, you can find and f

50、ix errors in your applications. The integrated debugger lets you control program execution, monitor variable values and items in data structures, and modify data values while debugging.</p><p>　　The integrat

51、ed debugger can track down both runtime errors and logic errors. By running to specific program locations and viewing the variable values, the functions on the call stack, and the program output, you can monitor how your

52、 program behaves and find the areas where it is not behaving as designed. The debugger is described in online Help.</p><p>　　You can also use exception handling to recognize, locate, and deal with errors. Ex

53、ceptions are classes, like other classes in Delphi, except, by convention, they begin with an initial E rather than a T.</p><p>　　Deploying applications</p><p>　　Delphi includes add-on tools to

54、help with application deployment. For example, InstallShield Express (not available in all editions) helps you to create an installation package for your application that includes all of the files needed for running a di

55、stributed application. TeamSource software (not available in all editions) is also available for tracking application updates.</p><p>　　To deploy a CLX application on Linux, you need Kylix.</p><p&

56、gt;　　Note Not all editions have deployment capabilities.</p><p>　　Refer to Chapter 18, “Deploying applications,” for specific information on deployment.</p><p><b>　　中文部分</b></p>

57、;<p>　　發(fā)展中的應(yīng)用軟件Delphi</p><p>　　Delphi是一個(gè)目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向，可視化編程環(huán)境，來擴(kuò)展32位的，使用Delhi，你可以用最少量的手工譯碼創(chuàng)建高效的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　Delphi提供了一系列的RAD的設(shè)計(jì)工具，包括程序壓縮和應(yīng)用和形成模板，并用層次比較高的圖書館來支持目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向程序。VCL，可以把WindowsAPL和其他有用的編程工具壓縮C

58、LX，可以把Qt library壓縮。</p><p>　　本片文章簡要地描述了Delphi運(yùn)行環(huán)境和它是怎樣適合發(fā)展的周期循環(huán)。其余提供了一般目的，數(shù)據(jù)庫，因特網(wǎng)和互連網(wǎng)應(yīng)用，創(chuàng)造ActiveX and COM控制的技術(shù)詳細(xì)資料，并寫下你自己的見解。</p><p><b>　　完整的發(fā)展環(huán)境</b></p><p>　　當(dāng)你使用Delphi

59、的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該立即投入到完整的發(fā)展環(huán)境，也叫作IDE，IDE可以提供給你在設(shè)計(jì)、發(fā)展、測試、調(diào)試、配置應(yīng)用中所需要的所有工具，并提供了快速的原型和更短的發(fā)展時(shí)間。</p><p>　　IDE包括了開始設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用的所必須的工具，例如：</p><p>　　架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，或者形成一個(gè)可以在上面設(shè)計(jì)用戶界面的空白窗口。</p><p>　　組成畫板，展示可視和非可視部分，你可以

60、使用它們來設(shè)計(jì)你的用戶界面。</p><p>　　目標(biāo)檢測，檢查和改變目標(biāo)的屬性和事件。</p><p>　　目標(biāo)樹型圖，顯示和改變組件的邏輯關(guān)系。</p><p>　　代碼編輯器，編寫和編輯基本程序邏輯。</p><p>　　項(xiàng)目管理器，管理組成一個(gè)或多個(gè)項(xiàng)目的文件。</p><p>　　綜合調(diào)試器，找出和修改編碼中

61、的錯(cuò)誤。</p><p>　　許多其他工具，如；屬性編輯器改變目標(biāo)屬性值。</p><p>　　命令行工具，包括編譯器，目標(biāo)代碼連接器，和其他用途。</p><p>　　大量的類庫包括許多可再度利用的對象。類庫中提供的許多對象可以從IDE中的組成畫板獲得。通過協(xié)定，類庫中對象的名字以T開頭，例如TStatusBar，以Q字母開頭的對象的名字是基于Qt庫的，并被用于交

62、叉平臺(tái)的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　一些工具不可能在產(chǎn)品的所有版本中包括。</p><p>　　發(fā)展環(huán)境的更完整的看法在快速啟動(dòng)中提出包括產(chǎn)物。還有，在線幫助系統(tǒng)可以提供所有的菜單，對話框，和窗口的幫助。</p><p><b>　　設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用</b></p><p>　　你可以設(shè)計(jì)任何種的32位應(yīng)用程序——從普通目的的用

63、途到精密的數(shù)據(jù)獲得程序或者分布應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　當(dāng)你設(shè)計(jì)為了你應(yīng)用的用戶界面，架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)器產(chǎn)生隱藏的Delph編碼來支持應(yīng)用。當(dāng)你選擇和修改組成和架構(gòu)的屬性，改變的結(jié)果可以在源代碼中自動(dòng)出現(xiàn)，反之依然。你可以直接使用任何文本編輯器來修改源文件，包括內(nèi)置代碼編輯器。你做的任何改變可以立即在可視環(huán)境中反映。</p><p>　　使用Delphi語言，你可以創(chuàng)造你自己的架構(gòu)。大部分的架構(gòu)

64、可以寫在Delphi中。如果需要，你可以為你的使用增加組成畫板和定制顏料。</p><p>　　你也可以使用CLX組件，自己設(shè)計(jì)在Linux and Windows中都能運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用軟件。CLX包含一系列分類，如果在VCL中代替那些而被使用，可以允許你的程序在Windows和Linux轉(zhuǎn)換。15章中提到“發(fā)展中的交叉平臺(tái)”詳細(xì)的介紹了交叉平臺(tái)程序和在Windows和Windows環(huán)境中的區(qū)別。如果你在使用Kylix

65、而在運(yùn)行交叉平臺(tái)應(yīng)用程序，Kylix也包括開發(fā)者的向?qū)戆涯銕У絃inux環(huán)境中。你也可以參考Kylix產(chǎn)品提供的Kylix在線幫助。</p><p>　　第8章中，“建設(shè)應(yīng)用程序，組件和庫”,也介紹了支持不同類型的應(yīng)用軟件。</p><p><b>　　創(chuàng)建對象</b></p><p>　　所有的應(yīng)用軟件發(fā)展包括項(xiàng)目。當(dāng)你在Delphi中創(chuàng)建

66、一個(gè)應(yīng)用軟件，你正在創(chuàng)建一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。項(xiàng)目是組成項(xiàng)目的文件的收集。一些這樣的設(shè)計(jì)文件在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間被創(chuàng)建。其他的是在當(dāng)你編譯項(xiàng)目源代碼時(shí)自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生。</p><p>　　你可以在項(xiàng)目管理工具叫做項(xiàng)目管理器中來觀看項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)容。項(xiàng)目管理器分類列表，單元名稱，單元中包含的窗體(如果是一個(gè))，并且顯示項(xiàng)目中文件的路徑。</p><p>　　雖然你可以直接編輯許多這些文件，但是使用可視化工具會(huì)更簡單和更可靠。

67、</p><p>　　項(xiàng)目等級的頂部是一組文件。你可以把多個(gè)項(xiàng)目合成一個(gè)項(xiàng)目組。這樣可以允許你在項(xiàng)目管理器中一次打開多個(gè)項(xiàng)目。項(xiàng)目組讓你組織和工作在相關(guān)的項(xiàng)目，例如一起運(yùn)行或者部分多層應(yīng)用程序的應(yīng)用。如果你只工作在一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，你不必需要一個(gè)項(xiàng)目組來創(chuàng)建一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序。</p><p>　　描述單個(gè)項(xiàng)目，文件和相關(guān)的選擇的項(xiàng)目文件有一個(gè)外延的撥號脈沖接收機(jī)。項(xiàng)目文件包括建一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的的導(dǎo)向或

68、者可以共享的對象。當(dāng)你使用對象管理器來增加和移動(dòng)文件時(shí)，項(xiàng)目文件被矯正了。你可以使用項(xiàng)目選項(xiàng)對話框來詳細(xì)說明項(xiàng)目選項(xiàng)，項(xiàng)目選項(xiàng)對話框有你的項(xiàng)目的各方面的制表符，例如窗體，應(yīng)用程序，編譯器。這些項(xiàng)目選項(xiàng)被保存在和項(xiàng)目一起的項(xiàng)目文件中。</p><p>　　單位和窗體是應(yīng)用程序的最基本的建設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)。一個(gè)項(xiàng)目可以分享任何現(xiàn)有的窗體和單位文件包括項(xiàng)目目錄樹外的那些。這包括已經(jīng)被作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范中的海關(guān)程序和職責(zé)。</p&

69、gt;<p>　　如果你要加一個(gè)分享文件到項(xiàng)目中，必須認(rèn)識到文件沒有在當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目目錄中被復(fù)制，仍然在當(dāng)前的位置中。增加分享文件到當(dāng)前的項(xiàng)目中要在項(xiàng)目文件的使用條款中注冊文件名和路徑。當(dāng)你加單元到項(xiàng)目中時(shí)Delphi會(huì)自動(dòng)處理這個(gè)問題。</p><p>　　當(dāng)你編譯項(xiàng)目時(shí)，構(gòu)成項(xiàng)目的文件放在哪里都時(shí)無所謂的。編譯器會(huì)追蹤和項(xiàng)目本身產(chǎn)生的那些一樣的文件。</p><p><b

70、>　　編輯代碼</b></p><p>　　代碼編輯器是一個(gè)ASCII編輯器。如果使用可視化程序環(huán)境，窗體會(huì)自動(dòng)作為新項(xiàng)目的部分來展示。你可以通過把項(xiàng)目放在窗體開始設(shè)計(jì)你的應(yīng)用界面并且在對象檢測器修改他們的工作。但是其他的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)必須由鍵入代碼來完成，例如為項(xiàng)目寫事件的處理人。</p><p>　　窗體的內(nèi)容，所有的屬性，它的組成和它們的屬性可以作為代碼編輯器的文本被可視

71、和編輯。你可以調(diào)整代碼編輯器中的產(chǎn)生代碼并且通過鍵入代碼把更多的成分加入到編輯器中。</p><p>　　當(dāng)你把代碼鍵入編輯器中時(shí)，編譯器可以不斷地掃描變化和更新新設(shè)計(jì)的窗體。然后你可以回到窗體中，觀察和測試你在編輯器中所作的改變，并連續(xù)調(diào)整窗體。代碼產(chǎn)生器和屬性流動(dòng)系統(tǒng)完全對檢查公開。包含在你最后的執(zhí)行文件中的所有文件的源代碼可以在代碼編輯器觀察和編輯——VCL對象，CLX對象，RTL源，和項(xiàng)目文件。</

72、p><p><b>　　編輯應(yīng)用</b></p><p>　　當(dāng)你已經(jīng)完成了在窗體中的應(yīng)用界面的設(shè)計(jì)和寫輔助碼，你想要的等等，你可以編譯IDE的項(xiàng)目或者命令行的項(xiàng)目。</p><p>　　所有的項(xiàng)目作為對象都由一個(gè)單一分配可執(zhí)行文件。你也可以通過編譯，建造或者啟動(dòng)它來觀察或者測試在各運(yùn)行的階段的應(yīng)用文件。</p><p>　

73、　當(dāng)你編譯的時(shí)候，從最后的編譯已經(jīng)改變的單一單元被再編 譯。</p><p>　　當(dāng)你建造的時(shí)候，項(xiàng)目中所有的單元都被編譯了，無論他們是否在最后的編譯中被改變。當(dāng)你在不確定文件改或沒改的精確性，或者當(dāng)你只想確保所有的文件是通用的和同步的時(shí)候，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)是十分有用的。當(dāng)你已經(jīng)改變了全球的編譯指示來確保恰當(dāng)?shù)臓顟B(tài)下所有的代碼編譯器，它也對構(gòu)建是十分重要的。</p><p>　　當(dāng)你運(yùn)行的時(shí)候，你

74、編譯然后執(zhí)行你的應(yīng)用程序。如果你自從 最后的編譯救修改了源代碼，編譯器會(huì)重新編譯那些已經(jīng)改變的模塊和重新連接你的應(yīng)用程序。</p><p>　　如果你已經(jīng)把幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目組在一起，你就可以立刻編譯或者構(gòu)建所有的項(xiàng)目在一個(gè)項(xiàng)目組中。選擇在項(xiàng)目管理器選擇的項(xiàng)目組中的項(xiàng)目編譯或者項(xiàng)目構(gòu)建。</p><p>　　Note 為了在Linux編譯一個(gè)CLX應(yīng)用程序，你需要Kylix.。</p>

75、;<p><b>　　調(diào)試應(yīng)用軟件</b></p><p>　　用綜合調(diào)試，你可以在你的應(yīng)用軟件中找到錯(cuò)誤并修改。綜合調(diào)試器讓你控制程序執(zhí)行，監(jiān)視數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)中的可變值和條款，并在調(diào)試過程中修改數(shù)值。</p><p>　　綜合調(diào)試器可以追蹤運(yùn)行時(shí)間錯(cuò)誤和邏輯錯(cuò)誤。通過運(yùn)行專業(yè)程序位置和觀察可變值，命令行的函數(shù)，和程序輸出，你可以檢測你的程序是怎么樣運(yùn)行的和找

76、出設(shè)計(jì)中沒被運(yùn)行的區(qū)域。調(diào)試器在在線幫助中被描述。</p><p>　　你也可以使用例額外命令處理認(rèn)識，定位，和處理錯(cuò)誤。</p><p>　　額外命令是分等級的，像Delphi中的其他等級，除了，通過協(xié)定，他們開始用E開頭而不是用T開頭。</p><p><b>　　配置應(yīng)用軟件</b></p><p>　　Delph

77、i包括增加工具來幫助應(yīng)用配置。例如，InstallShield Express（不是所有的版本都可用）幫助你為你的應(yīng)用軟件(包括所有驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)分布應(yīng)用軟件的所有文件)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)安裝包。TeamSource software（不是所有的版本都可用）也對跟蹤應(yīng)用軟件更新材料利用。</p><p>　　為了在Linux配置一個(gè)CLX應(yīng)用軟件，你需要Kylix。</p><p>　　Note不是所有的