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1、本文試圖從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度構(gòu)建英語(yǔ)介詞ABOVE,ON和OVER在空間語(yǔ)義域內(nèi)的原型圖式和最高圖式,并比較分析它們?cè)凇吧稀边@一語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)內(nèi)的相互關(guān)系。研究主要采用了Langacker的圖式網(wǎng)狀模式,該模式由圖式、原型和例示三種節(jié)點(diǎn)和拓展、細(xì)化兩類(lèi)關(guān)系構(gòu)成。圖式相對(duì)于同級(jí)例示而言具有原型效應(yīng),而低層原型及其拓展例示則是高層圖式的細(xì)化。因而,心理表征在Langacker模式中分別表現(xiàn)為圖式、原型和例示,三者抽象程度各異,認(rèn)知心理學(xué)關(guān)于表征形式的爭(zhēng)
2、論不再存在。原型和例示通過(guò)細(xì)化關(guān)系在圖式上增添信息,克服了純圖式表征過(guò)于抽象的弱點(diǎn)。圖式的抽象和例示的拓展賦予模式以動(dòng)態(tài)性質(zhì),能更自然的描述詞義的增長(zhǎng)、消亡和語(yǔ)言習(xí)得及語(yǔ)法化過(guò)程。須強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,語(yǔ)言使用者不一定意識(shí)到每個(gè)圖式的存在,只有處于基礎(chǔ)水平的圖式才具有顯性特征。原型是構(gòu)建圖式的基礎(chǔ)。ABOVE與ON的原型意思是通過(guò)第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)確認(rèn)的,試驗(yàn)采用了限時(shí)造句的的方式。所得到的介詞用法根據(jù)其相似性被歸為若干種意思,每種意思在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中的出現(xiàn)
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