地下水資源管理的法律制度研究.pdf

1、 地下水資源管理的法律制度研究 摘 要 地下水資源是水循環(huán)的重要組成部分， 是一種寶貴自然資源， 同時(shí)也是人類生產(chǎn)和生活中不可缺少的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。 地下含水層具有較大的調(diào)蓄能力， 分布廣泛，水量穩(wěn)定,水質(zhì)潔凈，在水資源中日益受到人們的青睞。地下水已成為工農(nóng)業(yè)，畜牧業(yè)和居民生活用水的重要供水水源， 給國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 但由于地下水的過度開采與污染， 導(dǎo)致其水量和水質(zhì)存在的日益嚴(yán)重的危機(jī)， 已成為眾所關(guān)注的全球性重大問題之一。

2、我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)法學(xué)領(lǐng)域關(guān)于地下水的研究比較薄弱，多集中在自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，而且地下水作為水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的一部分，由于其自身的一些特點(diǎn)， 并不是完全適用地表水的管理體制。 地下水資源危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重程度已經(jīng)迫在眉睫了， 但要想對(duì)地下水資源的超采和污染問題進(jìn)行根本治理， 歸根結(jié)底還是要在運(yùn)用管理、制度、法律等綜合措施。實(shí)現(xiàn)水務(wù)局一體化管理模式，改變目前管理混亂的局面， 同時(shí)在地下水領(lǐng)域?qū)嵤┛偭靠刂浦贫扰c分層分類管理制度， 最后完善和創(chuàng)新現(xiàn)有的地下水資源法律

3、法規(guī)， 使其適應(yīng)我國(guó)目前地下水資源的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀， 切實(shí)解決實(shí)踐中存在的問題和難點(diǎn)， 真正實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)地下水資源的可持續(xù)利用，這也正是本文的選題意義所在。 本文第一章主要介紹了地下水資源的概述。包括地下水資源的界定、意義、特征及現(xiàn)狀與問題。 第二章著重闡述了水務(wù)局一體化管理體制的確立。 描述了我國(guó)當(dāng)前地下水資源管理體制混亂局面， 在借鑒國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家優(yōu)秀的地下水資源管理模式基礎(chǔ)上， 分析我國(guó)水務(wù)局一體化管理模式的可行性， 厘清水務(wù)局與其它涉及地下

4、水管理部門的溝通協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制， 并從內(nèi)部保障與外部監(jiān)督兩個(gè)方面來論述了水務(wù)局一體化管理模式的監(jiān)督與保障體系。 第三章是關(guān)于地下水資源的總量控制制度。作為一體化管理項(xiàng)下的首要制度，闡述了其法律淵源、基本原則與實(shí)施意義， 并著重論述了總量控制制度的實(shí)施步驟， 最后以關(guān)系地下水資源總量的各項(xiàng)開源制度作為補(bǔ)充。 第四章論述了地下水資源的分層分類管理制度。 基于地下水獨(dú)特的特性與現(xiàn)有的法律規(guī)定， 通過地下水資源評(píng)價(jià)， 特許許可證以及嚴(yán)格的地下水監(jiān)測(cè)制

5、度來實(shí)施分層分類管理， 并綜合運(yùn)用各種節(jié)流措施提高地下水資源的Study on the Legal System of Groundwater resources management Abstract Groundwater resources is an important part of the water cycle, it is a valuable natural resource, also an indispensabl

6、e material foundation in human life and production. Underground aquifer has a larger storage capacity, widely distributed, cleanly, increasingly favored by people in the water resources. Groundwater has become an importa

7、nt source of water supply in industry, agriculture, animal husbandry and household water, it has brought huge economic benefits to the national economy. But the over-exploitation of groundwater contamination is leading t

8、o the growing crisis of water quantity and quality, it has become one of the major global issues. The research on groundwater in chinese environmental protection law field is relatively weak, mostly concentrated in the n

9、atural sciences. Due to some of the features of its own, groundwater as part of the water circulation system is not fully applicable to surface water management system. The severity of the groundwater resource crisis is

10、imminent, but the fundamental control in order to over-exploitation of groundwater resources and pollution problems, or to the use of management, institutional, legal, and other comprehensive measures. Achieve the Water

11、Authority integrated management mode, change the current chaotic situation management, at the same time implementation of the total control system and management system of hierarchical classification in the the groundwat

12、er field, the final perfection and innovation of existing groundwater resources laws and regulations, to adapt our current groundwater resources the development of the status quo, and earnestly solve the problems and dif

13、ficulties that exist in practice, the sustainable use of to realize our groundwater resources, and this is precisely where the significance of the topic of this article is located. The first chapter introduces an overvie

14、w of groundwater resources. Including groundwater resource definition, characteristics and status quo of the problem. The second chapter focuses on the Water Authority, the establishment of the integrated management syst

15、em. Description of groundwater resources management institutional chaos, learn from developed countries, groundwater resource management model . Analysis the feasibility of the Water Authority,s integrated management mod