外文翻譯--淺析中西方送禮行為差異

1、中文 中文 5000 字， 字，3800 英文單詞， 英文單詞，19500 英文字符 英文字符An analysis of the differences in gift giving behavior between China and Western countriesThe behavior of giving gifts is a ubiquitous cultural phenomenon. In recent years,

2、there are many domestic and foreign scholars who have begun to study the culture of giving gifts. Hereby in this work, the research of different reactions in Chinese and foreign cultures pertaining to the behavior of giv

3、ing gifts was presented in terms of three aspects that are decency, favor and relationship, then further through the comparative analysis to get four major causes of the differences of the behavior of giving gifts betwee

4、n Chinese and foreign cultures, which would lessen the misunderstandings caused by giving gifts in the cultural communications between Chinese and foreigners, so as to promote the exchanges of Chinese and foreign culture

5、s, then finally realizing the inclusion and comprehension of cultural diversity.1.An analysis on the causes of differences between the Chinese and foreign behaviors of giving gifts In our daily life, everybody has an exp

6、erience of giving gifts for each another. But why do we need to give gifts? Which differences are existed between the Chinese and foreign behaviors of giving gifts? And what does cause the difference? Firstly, giving gif

7、ts is not only a kind of economic transaction, but is the intermediary conveying the plentiful and symbolic meanings of the social interaction and the individual expression during the high-context communication process.

8、Secondly, the existing of giving gifts can not only effectively resolve the misunderstandings caused by different cultural backgrounds, but also can shorten the communication distances between each other, deepening the r

9、elationships of each other. In recent years, although the domestic and foreign scholars have done some researches on the culture of giving gifts, they has just focused on the research in such aspects as the presentation

10、forms, manners and taboos of giving gifts, so there were few analyses for the causes. There have been some disputes about the causes of the differences. Hence in this work, based on the existing researches, there would b

11、e deeper researches for the main causes of the differences by means of studying the presentation forms of representative behaviors of giving gifts in terms of decency, favor and relationship, which was expected to make p

12、eople more easily understand the cultural differences of each other, and achieve the mutual understanding and mutual respect, then better promote the cultural exchanges.2.Domestic and foreign backgroundThe culture of giv

13、ing gifts has a long story. The earliest can be retraced from the age of primitive society with “barter” existed for exchanging things by humankind. However, there had been no research on giving gifts for a long time. Bu

14、t in recent years, along with the deepening cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, the behavior of giving gift has gradually become a hot research topic. No matter the scholars are Chinese or foreigners,

15、 they have began the research from different aspects of different fields and paid close attention to it, yet there also were various kinds of disputes about it.the contemporary consumer society, the “interest” and the “g

16、ift” are usually bound together. In terms of the giving gifts, there were three different kinds of reactions between China and the west as follows:3.1.1 Decency as before mentioned was named as Mianzi, which is the nativ

17、e concept pertaining to social psychology. The definition of it had a lot of disparities. Hereby in this work, the definition proposed by the scholar of Le Guo An was agreed. The scholar proposed that “Mianzi is the face

18、. It is the expression of individual self-possession and self-respect, which is realized by interactions with each other. No matter the social status of the people, whoever wants the Mianzi and hopes to get respected and

19、 accepted by others, then that’s the embodiment of the Mianzi.” Yet the Mianzi has two kinds which are the positive Mianzi and the negative Mianzi. The positive Mianzi is that expecting someone else’s approval and compli

20、ment, once that desire was satisfied, then it’s mean that the positive Mianzi get protected. But the negative Minazi is that expecting independent freedom that would not be affected and hindered by compromising to others

21、. As regards the behaviors of giving-gifts, there are very different performances on the facet of Mianzi.During the process of the giving-gifts, the Chinese people emphasized more on the protection of the positive Mianzi

22、, but the westerners emphasized more on the protection of negative Mianzi. For example, for every festival, the Chinese people would pay a visit to each other to maintain the relationship in reciprocally, during which, t

23、he gift of wines is a prevalent phenomenon. But in the views of the Chinese people, in order to satisfy the Mianzi of the giver and being match up with the great kindness, the receiver must accompany the giver for a feas

24、t with glad drinking, thus this kind of Mianzi is that satisfying others by “self-sacrifice”. However, it is very different for westerns. When a giver proposes a toast, the giver has the freedom to drink the amount the g

25、iver wanted, so the giver doesn’t need to drink so much that may lead to unconsciousness for the purpose of catering the other’s great hospitality. The receiver would express the gratitude to the one who gave the wine as

26、 a present, but not listen to the others for endless drinking. This is due to the westerns are more concerned about their own happiness, thus they would not torment themselves to let others being happy.Certainly, the dif

27、ferences of giving gifts between the China and the west can be found in the Mianzi, whereas an obvious difference is in the way of giving different gifts for different people if compared the Chinese giving-gifts behavior

28、s with the foreign giving-gifts behaviors. It’s well known that the Chinese people are particular about Mianzi, stressing that “People need face as the tree need bark”. In order to give oneself a better Mianzi, the gifts

29、 that were planned to give to the people who have higher social status than you, or who have helped you, or who are your elders, or who are your superiors should be valuable, pretty and exquisite. That because you have t

30、o show your generosity for your Mianzi. If the gift is cheap or coarse, it will make the giver feel shameful and being mocked. However, the situation is very different for the westerns. If they are going to give the gift

31、s, they will not care about the positions of the people and whether the people who helped you, or whether the people who are relatives or not. Generally, they will not choose to give others a very valuable gift and they

32、don’t like receiving a very valuable gift from others. Also, they will not feel unhappy because of the values of the gifts and they will not feel ashamed because of the values of it. That’s because they care more about t