景觀設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--基于綠色建筑設(shè)計(jì)理論的綠色社區(qū)的景觀設(shè)計(jì)方法（原文）

1、Guo et al. / J Zhejiang Univ-Sci A (Appl Phys gejian1@zju.edu.cn Received May 26, 2010; Revision accepted July 9, 2010; Crosschecked Aug. 11, 2010 Abstract: Landscape design for a green community should be favorabl

2、e for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design th

3、at take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environ

4、ments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three diff

5、erent types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, bas

6、ed on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment. Key words

7、: Landscape design, Green community, Green building, Exterior physical environment doi:10.1631/jzus.A1000241 Document code: A CLC number: TU023 1 Introduction Analysis of data

8、 from climate monitoring over the past 100 years shows that human activities are largely responsible for climate change. Before the industrial revolution, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 was 280.0×10?6, whi

9、le by 2007 it had risen to 383.1×10?6. The average global temperature has in- creased by 0.74 °C over the same period (Wang et al., 2010). Fifty percent of global energy is consumed in building construction

10、 and operation of which 34% is associated with construction (Wu and Yuan, 2010). The environmentally harmful practices of human- centrism need to be restrained to create a more natural ecological environment. From the

11、 1970s, western countries set about restraining energy consumption (Xue, 2010). After 40 years of practice with building comfort improving, in developed countries, new building energy consumption per unit area has be

12、en reduced to 1/3–1/5 of that 30 years ago (Qiu, 2008). High energy consuming buildings account for 98% of more than 4×1010 m2 of urban buildings in China (Wang, 2010b). In 2009, the Chinese Gov- ernment promul

13、gated a new policy on the positive resolution of climate change that vigorously advo- cated the development of green buildings (Wang, 2010a). In view of the relatively inadequate resources per capita and weak foundat

14、ions of the ecological environment, the promotion and implementation of the conception of sustainable development are of great urgency in China. The building industry, which consumes a great deal of energy and resour

15、ces, must Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics ISSN 1862-1775 (Online) www.zju.edu.cn/jzus; www.springerlink.com E-mail: jzus@zju.edu.cn ? Corresponding author * Project (No. R1080363) supported by

16、 the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Guo et al. / J Zhejiang Univ-Sci A (Appl Phys & Eng) 2010 11(9):691-700 693local

17、seeds as much as possible to improve survival rate and facilitate maintenance and future manage- ment. 2. Functional priority: high trees should be planted at an adequate distance from buildings and preferably not on

18、 the south side of buildings because of daylight and ventilation constraints. 3. Harmony and unification: various plants and corresponding configurations should be adopted to create artistic landscapes according to d

19、ifferent characteristics of every space. Residential communi- ties need uniform types of plants to form the greening style of a whole region. Human culture, history, and environment should all be taken into account fo

20、r harmony. 3 Luminous environment of residential areas It is necessary to achieve harmony between the ecological environment and living conditions in landscape design. A reasonable configuration of plants is require

21、d based on the heliophilicity of plants for a healthy development in accordance with dif- ferent sunshine and shading conditions in various residential areas undergoing planning and construc- tion. This approach should

22、 influence the utilization of the buildings and environment. The faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China was taken as an example in this case. The luminous environment of the r

23、esidential area and its effect on landscape design have been analyzed using simulation with the eco- logical design software Autodesk Ecotect Analysis by the SquareOne Company. 3.1 Project introduction Located in th

24、e Xixi Campus of Zhejiang Uni- versity, the faculty apartment covers an area of 34 155 m2 in a construction area of about 90 888 m2. There are a total of 10 high-rise residential buildings, each of which is about 30

25、m high, and two under- ground garages. 3.2 Simulation of the luminous environment of the residential community Hangzhou City is located on the eastern coast of China in a subtropical monsoon zone. Daily sunshine ave

26、rages 5.4 h and reaches a maximum in summer. The minimum difference in average daily sunshine between summer and winter is 3.6 h. The city is designated a Type IV climatic zone among the five luminous climate zones

27、nationwide, and the stipu- lated outdoor critical illumination is 4500 lx. Fig. 2 shows the average daily radiation which is accumulated on the site through the simulation under outdoor illumination of 4500 lx in earl

28、y spring. Illu-mination of 3500–4500 lx was adopted in the simu-lation and is shown on a scale from dark to light with scale divisions of 100 lx. The all-day accumulated shade is also shown. The exterior environment of

29、 the residential area is divided into four types: sunny areas, semi-sunny areas, semi-shady areas, and shady areas. 3.3 Use of luminous environment analysis for guiding plant cultivation Different types of plants wit

30、h varied helio- philicities should be cultivated in areas with various luminous environments. Suitable plants are arranged in conformable areas based on plant characteristics (Table 1). 4 Acoustic environment of res

31、idential area The acoustic environment of a residential area is closely associated with residential health and comfort. The Green Building Evaluation Standards state that residential environment noises should meet the

32、 re- quirements of the Acoustic Environment Quality Standards (GB 3096-2008) (Table 2). Noise control in the exterior environment of a residential area relies mainly on plants. In addition to Fig. 1 Cross-sectional v