[雙語翻譯]人力資本外文翻譯--人力資本對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的影響--立陶宛案例（英文）

1、 Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 191 ( 2015 ) 2437 – 2442 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect1877-0428 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access artic

2、le under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of WCES 2014 doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.331 WCES 2014

3、The Impact Of Human Capital On Labour Market: Lithuanian Case Vilda Gizienea*, Zaneta Simanavicienea a,Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Business Economics Kestuciostree

4、t 8, LT-44320, Kaunas, Lithuania _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The labour market analysis with parallel determinants of the investment in

5、 human capital, specify the necessity to incorporate both internal and external labour markets (internal and external factors) and its mutual interaction. Internal labour market reflects the particular company’s or org

6、anization’s labour supply, demand for employees, the search strategy, approach to an employee. In its internal labour market company specifies employee’s assignment for specific duties and responsibilities (micro level)

7、. Conditions of employment depends on the company‘s ongoing strategy, i.e. whether the company invests in its employees’ human capital, their qualifications, training, establishment of career development opportunities,

8、 and efforts to reduce employee turnover, etc. Internal labour market contributes to the objective of maintaining staff: the employee will not look for another job if feels safe and valuable for an enterprise. Labour m

9、arket and human capital are interrelated very closely. Wages depends on investment in human capital. Human capital consist of knowledge, skills and other characteristics (congenital and acquired), which depends on the

10、individual and is determined by its productivity. The recognition that human capital is determined by an individual’s ability to meet the labour market conditions, stands for thinking that years spent for studying, atte

11、nding courses, training and others are appropriate investment for future – for the development of human capital. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of th

12、e Organizing Committee of WCES 2014. Keywords:human capital, labour market, migration, education, economic grow, investments. 1. Introduction Political, economic and social reforms which started in Lithuania in the begin

13、ning of 1990 conditioned essential changes in all spheres of social life, business and the field of paid jobs: the decline of manufacturing inevitably *VildaGiziene. Tel.: +370 37 300589 E-mail address: vilda.giziene@kt

14、u.lt © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility o

15、f the Organizing Committee of WCES 20142439Vilda Giziene and Zaneta Simanaviciene / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 191 ( 2015 ) 2437 – 2442 External labour market represents an overall situation in mar

16、ket (macro level): existing vacancies and unemployed people (who want to work). External labour market can analyse a situation in a city, region, country or international labour market. The situation in the labour mark

17、et can be analysed from various aspects: ? assessing experience, skills, education, speciality; ? assessing the age, gender, employability of an individual. Different individuals have different approach to their job.

18、Individuals representing various generations have different approach to their job, therefore they can be assigned to different risks (loyalty). Factors affecting external labour marketLabour market supply Labour market

19、demand??Public approch to employment and education; ??Country‘s economic conditions (unemployment rate, interest rate, inflation); ??Demographical changes (birth rate, labour force by gender; lifespan; retirement age,

20、migration); ??Goverment policy (unemplyment regulation tools; government investment in education; goverment support to business).??Changes in external business environment (foreign competition, changes in customers habit

21、s, demand for goods and services); ??Changes in internal business environment (production technology, investments in inovations, efective work organization); ??Corporate comunication habits; ??Enterprises investment in h

22、uman capital.Fig 2.Factors influencing (forming) the external labour market. Labour supply and demand are closely interrelated and highly dependent on government policy (eg. if the government declares a shortage of empl

23、oyees in a specific sector, then in the case of active policy, trainings , qualification improvement courses, etc. are organized, whilst organizations and companies change their internal policies). The labour market,

24、 a constituent of the market economy, in addition to its main function, allocation of labour among economic activities, occupations, territories, and enterprises, performs two socio-economic functions. It distributes i

25、ncome in a form of wages and hereby encourage work activities, and formally sets equal possibilities for everyone to exercise the right to employment and professional development. Psachropoulos, (2009) argues that the

26、labor market can be compared with car driving: the experience and skills are acquired through a long learning along the way. Learning is a path to success in the labor market. Human capital is determined by the market d

27、emand for technology, the country's development, skills and knowledge. Accordingly, the labor market is characterized by specific features: ? specifics of the labor factor (work as a subjective factor, based on th

28、e principle of personal characteristics, inseparable from the individual); ? mobility of labor factor (limited compared to other factors of production); ? multidimensionality of the labor market (labor market consis

29、ts of many sub-markets, differing by territorial, administrative, personal, professional, and otheer aspects); ? nature of the interaction between labour supply and demand (the labour supply in the labour market is r

30、egulated by economic, demographic, cultural, psychological, social, etc. factors, labour demand is regulated more by economic factors; due to inertia of non-economic factors labour supply is more stable than the dema

31、nd for labour); ? limitation of information (labour market participants do not have enough detailed information about the situation in the labor market); ? social aspect (the existing social intervention through the p

32、ublic institutions changes the legal and institutional conditions in labour market); ? labor pricing (cost of labour in the labour market depends on several factors: the individual's social status, the costs assoc