畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯-污水處理廠產(chǎn)生的污泥的熱分析和紅外光譜研究

1、ThermalanalysisFTIRstudiesofsewagesludgeproducedintreatmentplants.ThecaseofsludgeinthecityofUberlndiaMGBrazilJaderdeOliveiraSilvaabGuimesRodriguesFilhoaCarladaSilvaMeirelesaSabrinaDiasRibeiroaJliaGracieleVieiraaCleuzilen

2、eVieiradaSilvacDanielAlvesCerqueiradaInstitutodeQumicadaUniversidadeFederaldeUberlndiaAv.JooNavesdevila2121CEP38400902Cx.Postal593UberlndiaMinasGeraisBrazilbDepartamentoMunicipaldeguaeEsgotodeUberlndia(DMAE)BrazilcFaculd

3、adedeEngenhariaQumicadaUniversidadeFederaldeUberlndiaBrazildInstitutodeCinciasAmbientaiseDesenvolvimentoSustentveldaUniversidadeFederaldaBahiaBrazilarticleinfoArticlehisty:Received26August2011Receivedinrevisedfm4November

4、2011Accepted8November2011Availableonline19November2011Keywds:UASBsludgeCalificpowerThermalanalysesPyrolysisganicmaterialabstractTheoperationofanaerobicreactsinBrazilcreatesabyproductsewagesludgefwhichadequatetreatmentisn

5、ecessarytoobtainasolidstablematerial.Theburningofsewagesludgemaybeaneffectivealternativefitsmanagementlookingtoenhanceitsenergypotentialanenvironmentallyfriendlymethodofdisposalisnecessary.Asthequantityofsludgegeneratedh

6、asincreasedoverthepastfewyearsthephysicalchemicalacterizationofthiswasteisthefirststagefitsutilizationasrawmaterial.Thematerialwasacterizedbythermalanalyses(Thermogravimetry(TG)DifferentialThermalAnalysis(DTA)Differentia

7、lScanningCalimetry(DSC))InfraredAnalysis(FTIR)indertodeterminethemainganicgroupspresentinsludge.ThecalificpoweroftheanaerobicallydigestedsludgeofUberlndiaMGBrazilwasmeasuredanenergycontentequalto16.2MJkg?1wasfoundwhichis

8、withintherangeofvaluesreptedintheliterature.?2011ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionDuringthelastfewyearsaveritablerevolutionoftechnologiesconceptshasemergedconcerningdomesticwastewatertreatmentonthewldstage[1].

9、ItiswithinthisframewkthatthegrowthdevelopmentofsewagetreatmenttechnologiesallowedtheapplicabilityofcollectiveanaerobicsystemsespeciallythoseinvolvedinAnaerobicSludgeBlanketReactsknowninternationallyasUASBreacts–UpflowAna

10、erobicSludgeBlanketreacts[2]whichutilizationopenednewpathsintheareaofsewagetreatmentinBrazilaswellasfacilitatedtheexpansionenhancementoftheapplicabilityofthisprocess[3].Becausethesludgeisasolidbyproductwithpollutantacter

11、isticsasmuchatthepathogenlevelasintheunwantednutrientcontentitsfinaldestinationisanecessarycomplexoperationsinceitinvolvestechnicaleconomicenvironmentallegalaspectswhichusuallysurpassthoseofSewageTreatmentsStation(STS)[4

12、].InUberlndiaacityinthesouthwestofBrazilasystemofUASBreactshasbeenadoptedfollowedbyaphysical–chemicalposttreatmentwhichinvolvesstagesofcoagulationflotation.InCrespondingauth.Tel.:553432394174x201fax:553432394208.Emailadd

13、resses:guimes.rodriguesfilho@(G.R.Filho).additiontotheUASBsludgegeneratedinthebiologicalstageoftreatmentchemicalsludgeisproducedinthephysical–chemicaltreatmentsystem.Ineachcaseitisnecessarytodiscardsludgei.e.removeitfrom

14、theliquidphase.Thereareseveralstudiesinvolvingsewagesludgeasfexample:theproductionofbiooilfromsewagesludgecoincinerationwithcoalfthermaldryingkiicmodelingofsewagesludgeacterizationofpyrolysisproductsinvestigationofitspyr

15、olysismechanism[5]aswellastheapplicationoffryingprocessesfenergyrecoveryintheincinerationofsewagesludge[67]theutilizationofsludgeinthebiosptionofheavymetals[8]inagriculture[9].Thustheobjectofthisstudywastothermallyacteri

16、zetheUASBsludgeusingDifferentialScanningCalimetry(DSC)Thermogravimetry(TG)DifferentialThermalAnalysis(DTA)therefeobtainingdataregardingthesludgestabilitybymeansofthedecompositionprocessmeasuringtheenergeticcontentofthesa

17、mesludgegeneratedinthemunicipaltreatmentplantusingbombcalimetryprovidingitsacterizationbyFTIR.2.ExperimentalproceduresSamplesofdehydratedsludgeiginatingfromtheUberabinhaSTSdisposedatthelfillinUberlndiaMinasGeraisBrazilha

18、vebeencollected.00406031$–seefrontmatter?2011ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016j.tca.2011.11.01074J.deOliveiraSilvaetal.ThermochimicaActa528(2012)72–750402413CFlow(Wg)00291C1102JgHeatexo02459Jgendo0410015020025030

19、0350400450Temperature(C)Fig.2.DSCthermogramsecondscanftheUASBsludge.3.2.acterizationofthesludgebyFTIRFTIRspectraoftheUASBsludgefromtheUberabinhaSTSisshowninFig.3.ItisseeninFig.3severalabsptionbsintheregionfrom3600cm?1to3

20、000cm?1withtheregionbetween3400cm?13000cm?1beingattributedtotheOHstretchingofgroupspresentinacidsalcohols.Alsointhisfirstregionofthespectrain3440cm?1thereisanabsptionbrelatedtothestretchingoftheN–Hbondofganiccompounds[12

21、13].Thesecompoundsalsopresentacteristicbsin1545cm?11655cm?1relatedtoCOvibrationofprimaryaes[1214].In3040cm?1thereissmallshoulderthataccdingtoFranciosoetal.isattributedtothestretchingoftheC–Hbondfcisalkenes[12].Otherabspt

22、ionbsintheregionfrom3000to2800cm?1areattributedtothepresenceofhydrocarbonchains[9]presentontheganicmaterialofthesludgesampleasinferredbythermalanalysis.Bsin2963cm?12920cm?1areattributedtotheasymmetricalstretchingofC–Hbon

23、dsfrommehylmethylenegroupsrespectively.Thebin2851cm?1isrelatedtothesymmetricalstretchingofC–Hfrommethylenegroupsthebin1460cm?1isattributedtoCH2rocking.Theregionnextto738cm?1isattributedtothescissingdefmationofCH2.1214344

24、0292016551545103216Absbance29632851146012341873820350030002500200015001000500Wavenumber(cm1)Fig.3.FTIRspectrumfUASBsludge.Theregionbetween11701000cm?1withanintensebaround1032cm?1isattributedtoOHvibrationofmineralcompound

25、spresentinthesludge[12]buthydrocarbonsilicatecompoundsalsoabsbinthisregion[15].TheresultsoftheFTIRanalysesareconsistentwiththeliteratureconfirmtheattributesgiventothetwomainexothermiceventswhichappearedintheTGDTAanalyses

26、.Howevertheexothermin453?CinDTAcurvecrespondsmainlytothepresenceoflongNalkylchainstoaliphaticsaturatedpresentinthedecompositionstageofrefractycarbonsinceitwasnotinferredthepresenceoftheacteristicbsofaromaticrings.4.Concl

27、usionsFTIRresultsshowthatthemaingroupsinthestudiedsludgearealiphaticchainswithdoublebondsaswellascarbonylhydroxylN–Hgroupsinganiccompounds.Theresultsofthethermalanalyses(TGDTADSC)showedthatthematerialfromtheUberabinhaSTS

28、presentsanexothermiceventaround450?C(wherethedecompositionofcarbonrefractypredominatesuchasNalkyllongchainstructuressaturatedaliphaticchains)withacalificcontentabout2.4timesgreaterthanthatwhichislocatedaround300?C(referr

29、ingtothethermaldecompositionofthermolabilecomponentsofganicmaterial(proteinscarboxylgroups)).ThisstudyshowedthatitispossibleuseUASBsludgefgenerationofenergyoncethematerialpresentsasignificantbiodegradableptionof65%asuper

30、icalificvalueof16.2MJkg?1.Thustakingintoaccounttheincreasingdisposalofwasteatlfillsovertimetheproblemoffindingpermissibledisposalsiteswhichismemedifficultinbigcitiestheimmediateallocationofalargerproptionofsludgefburning

31、ispossiblebecomesagoodalternativetoavoiditssubmissiontolfillsconsideringitspotentialenergyaswellasitsincreasingproduction.AcknowledgmentsTheauthsthanktoCNPqftheprojectCasadinhoUFUUFGUFMS(62018120060)toCAPESftheaccesstoth

32、e“PtalPeriodicos”.VieirathanksFAPEMIGfherdoctalscholarshipMeirelesRibeirothanksCAPESftheirmasterdoctal(BEX5190096)fellowshipsrespectively.SilvathanksDMAEftheresourcestoproducethiswkFEQUFUfthecalimetricexperiments.Theauth

33、sthankthereviewersftheirefftsinreviewingthismanu.References[1]E.FestiL.FlncioA.VanHaelM.ZaiatP.F.F.CavalcantiTratamentodeesgotossanitriospprocessoanaerbioedisposicocontroladanosolo1sted.ABESPROSABRiodeJaneiro1999.[2]C.A.

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36、sresidurias1sted.DESA–UFMGBeloHizonte2001.[5]J.DweckL.C.MaisJ.C.MenesesP.M.BuchlerThermalanalysisofmunicipalsludgewastecombustionMater.Sci.Fum.530(2006)740–746.[6]D.P.SilvaV.RudolphO.P.TarantoThedryingofsewagesludgebyimm