明星和他們的配角陣容國家、市場(chǎng)和社區(qū)在城市治理中的角色【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：StarstheirSupptingCast:StateMarketCommunityasActsinUrbanGovernanceJohnminneryInthesearchfbetterwaystogoverncitiestherehasbeenashiftfromanemphasisontheroleof‘urbangovernment’toanemphasison‘urbangoverna

2、nce’.Governanceisnowwidelyunderstoodasincpatingtheroleofthestateinpolicymakingimplementationbutextendingbeyondthatsingleacttoincludetherolesoftheprivatesect(market)community(civilsociety).Therelationshipsamongstthethreea

3、rebothcomplexchanging.Thisarticleproposesaconceptualframewkthatstructuresourunderstingofhowtheactsinurbangovernanceinteractbasedonrelationshipswhereoneoftheactshasfargreaterinfluencethantheothertwoinotherwdswhereoneisthe

4、‘star’centralact.Theframewkthenaddressesthequestionoftherolesofthe‘supptingcast’theothertwoacts.The‘governancethodoxy’isthatrelationshipsarecollabativeconsensualexpressedthroughideasabout‘partnerships’‘wks’.Theframewkhow

5、everdrawsattentiontothepossibilityofconflict.Thearticleexplessomeoftheimplicationsfurbangovernancetheypracticeofthesecomplexrelationships.TheNatureofGovernanceAlthoughtheideaofgovernanceiginatedinpoliticalscience.Kjr’s(2

6、004)discussionofitsdifferentfmsisalsolocatedwithinpoliticalsciencealthoughshetakesthisasabroaddisciplinethatincludespublicadministrationpublicpolicyinternationalrelationscomparativepolitics.Despitethesevariousuncertainti

7、esaboutitshometheideaofgovernancehasbeenabsbedintothediscoursesofanumberofdisciplinesincludingurbanplanningurbanpolicy.Inurbangovernanceifoneofthetriadofplayersiscentralthentheothertwomustplaysomeroleinrelationtothatcent

8、ralplayer.2Thisisthefocusofthesecondmajissuetobeaddressedinthisarticle.WhenoneplayerisassumedtoplayisdefinedasplayingacentralrolewhatexactlyaretherolesoftheothertwoplayersHowdotheysuppt(notsuppt)thecentralplayerStateCent

9、ralityManyoftheanalystsofbothgovernanceurbangovernanceidentifyimplythatthestateisthecentralofthethreeacts.Marshall(2000)inexplingwhetherthereisa‘BarcelonaModel’ofurbangovernancefocusesontheBarcelonacitycouncilinitsrelati

10、onswithotheragencies.Themodelhaslocalgovernmentatthecentre.PierreStoker(2002p.32)acceptthattheroleofgovernmentingovernanceiscontingentbutstillgivefmalgovernment—aspoliticalelitesratherthanthestateasawhole—acentralrole:[l

11、]ocalregionalnationalpoliticalelitesalikeseektofgecoalitionswithprivatebusinessesvoluntaryassociationsothersocialactstomobilizeresourcesacrossthepublic–privatebderindertoenhancetheirchancesofguidingsocietytowardspolitica

12、llydefinedgoals.Evenwhenanalystsseemtoarguethatgovernanceoccurswithoutgovernment—fexampleinRhodes’(1996)analysisPetersPierre(1998)—effectivelytheyareidentifyinggovernancewheretherearemanycentresofpowerbutwherethestatewhi

13、lenolongersupremeisstillthekeyplayer.Itisreallyacase“governancebeyondthestate”ratherthan‘governancewithoutthestate’.InfactmostofRhodes’writingsongovernancefocusontheshift“fromlinebureaucraciestofragmentedservicedelivery”

14、inrelationtotheWhitehallmodelofadministrationintheUKwherethecentralgovernment“hasswappeddirectfindirectcontrols”.ToRhodesitisclearthatthecontrolstillrestswiththecentralgovernmentevenifitisnowindirectratherthandirectitsin