網(wǎng)站建設(shè)技術(shù)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　網(wǎng)站建設(shè)技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　1.介紹 網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,為今天全球性的信息交流與資在建立源共享和交往提供了更多的途徑和可能。足不出戶便可以知曉天下大事,按幾下鍵盤或點(diǎn)幾下鼠標(biāo)可以與遠(yuǎn)在千里之外的朋友交流,網(wǎng)上通信、網(wǎng)上瀏覽、網(wǎng)上交互、網(wǎng)上電子商務(wù)已成為現(xiàn)代人們生活的一部分。Internet 時(shí)代, 造就了人們新的工作和生活方式,其互聯(lián)性、開(kāi)放

2、性和共享信息的模式,打破了傳統(tǒng)信息傳播方式的重重壁壘,為人們帶來(lái)了新的機(jī)遇。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)和信息時(shí)代的到來(lái),人類社會(huì)前進(jìn)的腳步在逐漸加快。近幾年網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展,快得人目不暇接。隨著網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,豐富多彩的網(wǎng)頁(yè)成為網(wǎng)上一道亮麗的風(fēng)景線。要想設(shè)計(jì)美觀實(shí)用的網(wǎng)頁(yè)就應(yīng)該深入掌握網(wǎng)站建設(shè)技術(shù)。在建立網(wǎng)站時(shí),我們分析了網(wǎng)站建立的目的、內(nèi)容、功能、結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)用了更多的網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。</p><p>　　2、網(wǎng)站的定義2.1 如

3、何定義網(wǎng)站 確定網(wǎng)站的任務(wù)和目標(biāo),是建設(shè)網(wǎng)站所面臨的最重要的問(wèn)題。為什么人們會(huì)來(lái)到你的網(wǎng)站? 你有獨(dú)特的服務(wù)嗎? 人們第一次到你的網(wǎng)站是為了什么? 他們還會(huì)再來(lái)嗎? 這些問(wèn)題都是定義網(wǎng)站時(shí)必須考慮的問(wèn)題。要定義網(wǎng)站,首先,必須對(duì)整個(gè)網(wǎng)站有一個(gè)清晰認(rèn)識(shí),弄清到底要設(shè)計(jì)什么、主要的目的與任務(wù)、如何對(duì)任務(wù)進(jìn)行組織與規(guī)劃。其次,保持網(wǎng)站的高品質(zhì)。在眾多網(wǎng)站的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,高品質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品是長(zhǎng)期競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)。一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)站應(yīng)具備：（1）用戶

4、訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站的速度要快；（2）注意反饋與更新。及時(shí)更新網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容、及時(shí)反饋用戶的要求；（3）首頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)要合理。首頁(yè)給訪問(wèn)者留下的第一印象很重要,設(shè)計(jì)務(wù)必精美,以求產(chǎn)生良好的視覺(jué)效果。</p><p>　　2.2 網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容和功能 在網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容方面,就是要做到新、快、全三面。網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容的類型包括靜態(tài)的、動(dòng)態(tài)的、功能的和事物處理的。確定網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容是根據(jù)網(wǎng)站的性質(zhì)決定的,在設(shè)計(jì)政府網(wǎng)站、商業(yè)網(wǎng)站、科普性網(wǎng)站、公司介紹

5、網(wǎng)站、教學(xué)交流網(wǎng)站等的內(nèi)容和風(fēng)格時(shí)各有不同。我們建立的網(wǎng)站同這些類型的網(wǎng)站性質(zhì)均不相同。</p><p>　　2.3 網(wǎng)站的結(jié)構(gòu)（1）網(wǎng)站的結(jié)構(gòu)；（2）定義導(dǎo)航；（3）可視化設(shè)計(jì)；（4）設(shè)計(jì)框架和頁(yè)面。</p><p>　　3、網(wǎng)站的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) 隨著人們對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的要求越來(lái)越高,高格調(diào),高品位的設(shè)計(jì)作品,才深受人們的歡迎。這也就給設(shè)計(jì)者們提出了更高的要求,從這個(gè)角度說(shuō),板式設(shè)計(jì)

6、正是滿足了人們的要求應(yīng)需而生。科技的飛躍發(fā)展, 讓Internet 走進(jìn)了千家萬(wàn)戶,也產(chǎn)生出新的設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域空間,而網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)成為新的設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的重要內(nèi)容。優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì),必須有好的創(chuàng)意,才能使觀者視線久久難移,產(chǎn)生震撼力。版面設(shè)計(jì)是很重要的,通過(guò)文字、圖形的空間組合,能最佳的表達(dá)出和諧與美。如果想進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì),做出有別于一般網(wǎng)站的網(wǎng)頁(yè),就需要掌握更多的象CSS 、javascript 、CGI 等網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。在網(wǎng)站的建設(shè)中就應(yīng)用了CS

7、S 、javascript 等網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。</p><p>　　3.1 應(yīng)用CSS 設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)頁(yè)(1) 什么是CSS ? CSS 是一種樣式表(stylesheet)技術(shù)。也有的人稱之為層疊樣式表( Cascading Stylesheet)。(2) CSS與HTML的結(jié)合方式。方式一：將所定義的CSS內(nèi)容書寫在這一對(duì)標(biāo)簽之間。方式二：將CSS內(nèi)容單獨(dú)保存為一個(gè)文本文件,再由標(biāo)簽來(lái)調(diào)用。(3) CSS在網(wǎng)站中

8、的應(yīng)用事例。在網(wǎng)站中的頁(yè)面,增加了以下的定義, 使頁(yè)面有特殊的顯示效果。</p><p>　　3.2 應(yīng)用javascript 設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)頁(yè) javascript的出現(xiàn)使得信息和用戶之間不僅只是一種顯示和瀏覽的關(guān)系,而是實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種實(shí)時(shí)的、動(dòng)態(tài)的、可交式的表達(dá)能力。從而基于CGI靜態(tài)的HTML頁(yè)面將被可提供動(dòng)態(tài)實(shí)時(shí)信息,并對(duì)客戶操作進(jìn)行反應(yīng)的Web頁(yè)面的取代。javascript腳本正是滿足這種需求而產(chǎn)生的語(yǔ)言

9、。它深受廣泛用戶的喜愛(ài)。它是眾多腳本語(yǔ)言中較為優(yōu)秀的一種。與WWW的結(jié)合有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算和網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)的藍(lán)圖。3.3 應(yīng)用 Dreamweaver 設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)頁(yè)</p><p>　　Macromedia Dreamweaver 是為視覺(jué)上設(shè)計(jì)并且管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)站點(diǎn)和網(wǎng)頁(yè)的一個(gè)專業(yè)</p><p>　　的HTML 編輯器。</p><p>　　不論你是比較喜歡手寫代碼還是在

10、可視化編輯的環(huán)境下工作，Dreamweaver 都向</p><p>　　你提供有用的工具讓你快速起手或提高你的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。</p><p>　　Dreamweaver 包括許多編碼工具和特征：HTML CSS 和JAVASCRIPT 參考，一</p><p>　　個(gè)JAVASCRIPT 調(diào)試器， 和代碼編輯器（ 代碼看法和代碼查看器） 容許你在</p>

11、;<p>　　Dreamweaver 中編輯JAVASCRIPT ，XML 以及其他文本文件。Macromedia 的雙程</p><p>　　的HTML 技術(shù)可以導(dǎo)入HTML 而不會(huì)重新格式化。而且你如果愿意也可以設(shè)置</p><p>　　Dreamweaver 清理代碼或重新格式化HTML。</p><p>　　Dreamweaver 的可視化編輯

12、的土正也讓你快速把設(shè)計(jì)和功能加到你的頁(yè)面，而不</p><p>　　用寫一行代碼。你能查看所有的你的站點(diǎn)的元素或資源。并且直接從一個(gè)容易使用的</p><p>　　面版拖拽他們進(jìn)一個(gè)文件。通過(guò)在Macromedia Fireworks 中創(chuàng)建并編輯圖象來(lái)優(yōu)化你</p><p>　　的開(kāi)發(fā)工作流程，然后直接將他們導(dǎo)入Dreamweaver， 或假如直接在Dreamwe

13、aver</p><p>　　創(chuàng)造的Flash 對(duì)象。</p><p>　　Dreamweaver 是可完全自定義的。使用Dreamweaver 來(lái)創(chuàng)建你自己的對(duì)象和命</p><p>　　令，修改快捷鍵，甚至寫入JAVASCRIPT 來(lái)擴(kuò)展Dreamweaver 在新的行為、屬性面</p><p>　　板以及站點(diǎn)報(bào)告上的能力。</p&

14、gt;<p>　　Dreamweaver 工作區(qū)域</p><p>　　讓我門從Dreamweaver 工作區(qū)域的簡(jiǎn)短的概述開(kāi)始。</p><p>　　如果你已經(jīng)沒(méi)安裝Dreamweaver，雙擊Dreamweaver 圖標(biāo)安裝它。</p><p>　　Dreamweaver 工作區(qū)域不同工作的方式和用戶的水平有不同的界面。當(dāng)你安裝</p>

15、<p>　　Dreamweaver 時(shí)，下列工作區(qū)域打開(kāi)：</p><p>　　當(dāng)你創(chuàng)造并且編輯頁(yè)面時(shí)，文件窗口顯示當(dāng)前的文件</p><p>　　對(duì)象面板包含一些圖標(biāo)。你可以點(diǎn)擊插入對(duì)象到你的文件。</p><p>　　Dreamweaver 提供許多浮動(dòng)的面板，例如HTML 式樣面板和代碼檢查器，它使</p><p>　　你

16、能夠使用另外的Dreamweaver 元素。</p><p>　　Launcher 轉(zhuǎn)載器工具條包含打開(kāi)關(guān)閉你的最經(jīng)常使用的檢查器和面板。</p><p>　　屬性檢查器所選擇的物體或文章的性質(zhì)，并且讓你修改那些屬性（哪個(gè)屬性在檢</p><p>　　查器出現(xiàn)取決于在文件中選擇哪個(gè)對(duì)象）。</p><p>　　打開(kāi)Dreamweaver 的窗

17、口，檢查器和面板，使用窗口菜單?？恐诓藛物@示項(xiàng)目</p><p>　　有一個(gè)勾，表示該項(xiàng)窗口項(xiàng)目在當(dāng)前打開(kāi)（盡管它可以被隱蔽在另外的窗戶后面）。</p><p>　　要打開(kāi)一個(gè)窗口項(xiàng)目，從菜單選擇項(xiàng)目名字或使用它的鍵盤快捷。</p><p>　　使用Dreamweaver</p><p>　　Dreamweaver 能在3 個(gè)方法顯示一個(gè)文

18、件：在設(shè)計(jì)視圖，在代碼視圖，實(shí)際與代</p><p>　　碼結(jié)合視圖，（改變你在其正在工作的視圖，在Dreamweaver 工作跳選擇視圖）</p><p>　　Dreamweaver 缺省是在設(shè)計(jì)視圖顯示文件窗口。</p><p>　　另外，你呢功能使用設(shè)計(jì)試圖的兩種方法：在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)視圖與布局視圖。（你在對(duì)象</p><p>　　面板最下面的視

19、圖分類選擇這些視圖）在布局視圖你能設(shè)計(jì)頁(yè)面布局，插入圖形，正</p><p>　　文和另外的煤體。在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的視圖，除了插入圖形正文煤體，你能也插入層，創(chuàng)建楨文</p><p>　　件，創(chuàng)建表格，并且做其他在布局視圖無(wú)法做到的改變。__4.關(guān)于網(wǎng)站建設(shè)的幾點(diǎn)體會(huì)  隨著Internet的普及，越來(lái)越多的政府部門、公司和個(gè)人意識(shí)到需要擁有自己的獨(dú)立網(wǎng)站。下面就設(shè)計(jì)和制作網(wǎng)站談

20、談自己的一些體會(huì)。 在進(jìn)行完系統(tǒng)分析之后，我們就應(yīng)該進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。網(wǎng)頁(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)類似于軟件開(kāi)發(fā)的設(shè)計(jì)，有自頂向下、自底向上和不斷增補(bǔ)等設(shè)計(jì)方法。主要任務(wù)是網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容的設(shè)計(jì)，包括網(wǎng)頁(yè)的信息組織結(jié)構(gòu)、外觀、內(nèi)容分塊、導(dǎo)航與鏈接、目錄結(jié)構(gòu)等設(shè)計(jì)。系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)是網(wǎng)站具體實(shí)現(xiàn)前的準(zhǔn)備，對(duì)網(wǎng)頁(yè)的實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步提出更具體的要求，對(duì)網(wǎng)頁(yè)的整體效果、局部細(xì)節(jié)有更明確的設(shè)想。這個(gè)過(guò)程是整個(gè)網(wǎng)站規(guī)劃中的關(guān)鍵。</p><p>　　接下來(lái)就

21、是如何將自己設(shè)計(jì)的網(wǎng)站實(shí)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。對(duì)于網(wǎng)站的實(shí)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為需要考慮兩部分：網(wǎng)頁(yè)的實(shí)現(xiàn)；Web服務(wù)器的實(shí)現(xiàn)。在網(wǎng)站實(shí)現(xiàn)的過(guò)程中，技術(shù)選型很重要。前者主要使用HTML語(yǔ)言，對(duì)于交互性較強(qiáng)的網(wǎng)站來(lái)說(shuō)，建議采用ASP、JSP、PHP等編程來(lái)輔助實(shí)現(xiàn)，更為復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)站可能還會(huì)有自己的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。后者則用到各種基于不同操作系統(tǒng)的Web服務(wù)器軟件的安裝、調(diào)試。這個(gè)階段是整個(gè)過(guò)程中最主要也最耗時(shí)的一部分。</p><p>　　當(dāng)我們完成

22、了上述工作后，就需要進(jìn)行網(wǎng)頁(yè)發(fā)布了。到了這個(gè)階段，網(wǎng)頁(yè)制作就接近尾聲，主要工作是把做好的網(wǎng)頁(yè)發(fā)布到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，對(duì)網(wǎng)頁(yè)作最后的修改、測(cè)試，保證網(wǎng)頁(yè)能在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上正常地運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　在網(wǎng)頁(yè)發(fā)布以后，應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)頁(yè)進(jìn)行各個(gè)方面各種情況的測(cè)試，包括網(wǎng)頁(yè)能否對(duì)任何不同的瀏覽器、不同的訪問(wèn)者都表現(xiàn)正常，ASP、JSP、PHP程序能否正常工作等等。這個(gè)階段是網(wǎng)頁(yè)的試運(yùn)行期，此時(shí)應(yīng)把網(wǎng)頁(yè)的各種缺陷盡量彌補(bǔ)，使網(wǎng)頁(yè)更加完善。

23、 經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)期的運(yùn)行，網(wǎng)站就進(jìn)入了正常運(yùn)行期，主要工作是及時(shí)更新網(wǎng)頁(yè)過(guò)時(shí)的信息，及時(shí)對(duì)訪問(wèn)者的留言做出反饋，進(jìn)一步完善網(wǎng)頁(yè)，不斷采用新的技術(shù)更新升級(jí)網(wǎng)頁(yè)，使網(wǎng)頁(yè)的訪問(wèn)更迅速，外觀更美觀，信息資源更豐富。</p><p>　　以上就是建站要大體遵循的七個(gè)步驟，這七個(gè)步驟是相輔相成的，但可根據(jù)網(wǎng)頁(yè)的難易程度和復(fù)雜度適當(dāng)增強(qiáng)或減弱某個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)?？傊?，建設(shè)一個(gè)成功的網(wǎng)站并非一件容易的事，它需要全方位考慮，綜合各方面的因素。&

24、lt;/p><p>　　5.結(jié)束語(yǔ) 隨著Internet技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn),各行各業(yè)都在加入Internet的行業(yè)中來(lái)。無(wú)論從管理方面,還是從商業(yè)角度來(lái)看,Internet都可以帶來(lái)無(wú)限生機(jī)。Internet成為了一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)人員施才華的新天地。人們將不斷探索,將網(wǎng)站建設(shè)中的新技術(shù)應(yīng)用在網(wǎng)站中。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><

25、;p>　　N.Hritonenko, Yu.Yatsenko.Creative destruction of computing systems: Analysis and modeling, Journal of Supercomputing, 38(2006), 143-154.</p><p>　　Yu.Yatsenko, N.Hritonenko.Network economics and opti

26、mal replacement of agestructured. IT capital, Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, 65(2007), 483-497.</p><p>　　A.S. Boranbayev, Reference Architecture for Web Applications, Reports of the National Ac

27、ademy of Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 5 (2007), 18-26.</p><p>　　The Spring Framework official website: http://www.springframework.org/.</p><p>　　Martin Fowler discusses details of the

28、dependency injection pattern and how Spring.</p><p>　　JUnit framework: http://www.junit.org/.</p><p>　　Spring Framework official website - Chapter 9, Transaction management: http://static.spring

29、framework.org/spring/docs/2.0.x/reference/transaction.html.</p><p>　　A.S. Boranbayev, Optimal Methods for Java Web Services, News of the National Academy of Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 5 (2007), 3

30、8-43.</p><p><b>　　原文二：</b></p><p>　　On site construction technology </p><p>　　Feng Liu，Lingling Zhang，Jifa Gu</p><p>　　1 .Introduction The development

31、of network technology for today's global information exchange and sharing funding source in the establishment of contacts and provide more channels and possible. Homes will be known world affairs, according few keybo

32、ard or a few mouse clicks can be distant friends thousands of miles away exchanges, and online communications, Internet browsing, on-line interactive, e-commerce has become a modern part of people's lives. Inter

33、net era, has created the new pe</p><p>　　Web site identified the tasks and objectives, the building site is the most important issue. Why people will come to your website? You have a unique service? The firs

34、t people to your website is to what? They will come back? All these issues must be taken into account when the site definition of the problem. Definition site to, first of all, the entire site must have a clear understan

35、ding of what the design should understand in the end, the main purpose of the mission, how to carry out the task o</p><p>　　Macromedia Dream weaver is a professional HTML editor for visually designing and<

36、;/p><p>　　managing web sites and pages. Whether you enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML or</p><p>　　prefer to work in a visual editing environment, Dream weaver makes it easy to get started</p

37、><p>　　and provides you with helpful tools to enhance your Web design experience.</p><p>　　Dream weaver includes many coding tools and features: an HTML, CSS, and</p><p>　　JavaScript r

38、eference, a JavaScript debugger, and code editors (the Code view and Code</p><p>　　inspector) that allow you to edit JavaScript, XML technology imports HTML documents</p><p>　　without reformatti

39、ng Macromedia’s Roundtrip HTML technology imports HTML</p><p>　　documents without reformatting the code and you can set Dream weaver to clean up and</p><p>　　reformat HTML when you want it to .&

40、lt;/p><p>　　Dream weaver’s visual editing features also let you quickly add design and</p><p>　　functionality to your pages without writing a line of code. You can view all your site</p><

41、;p>　　elements or assets and drag them from an easy-to-use panel directly into a document.</p><p>　　Streamline your development workflow by creating and editing images in Macromedia</p><p>　　F

42、ireworks, then importing them directly into Dream weaver, or by adding Flash objects</p><p>　　you create directly in Dream weaver.</p><p>　　Dream weaver is fully customizable. Use Dream weaver t

43、o create your own objects</p><p>　　and commands, modify keyboard shortcuts, and even write JavaScript code to extend</p><p>　　Dream weaver’s capabilities with new behaviors, property inspectors

44、and site reports.</p><p>　　The Dream weaver work area</p><p>　　Let’s start with a brief overview of the Dream weaver work area.</p><p>　　If you haven’t already launch Dream weaver,

45、double-click the Dream weaver icon to</p><p>　　launch it.</p><p>　　The Dream weaver work area accommodates different styles of working and levels of</p><p>　　expertise.</p>&

46、lt;p>　　When you launch Dream weaver, the following work area items open:</p><p>　　The Document window displays the current document as you create and edit it.</p><p><b>　　2</b><

47、;/p><p>　　The Objects panel contains icons you click to insert objects in you document.</p><p>　　Dream weaver provides many floating panels, such as the HTML Styles panel and the</p><p&g

48、t;　　code inspector which enable you to work with other Dream weaver elements.</p><p>　　The Launcher bar contains buttons for opening and closing your most frequently used</p><p>　　inspectors and

49、 panels.</p><p>　　The Property inspector displays properties for the selected object or text, and lets you</p><p>　　modify those properties.(Which properties appear in the inspector depend on th

50、e object</p><p>　　actively selected in the document.)</p><p>　　To open Dream weaver’s windows, inspectors and panels, use the Window menu. A</p><p>　　check mark next to an item in t

51、he Window menu indicates that the named item is currently</p><p>　　open(though it may be hidden behind other windows). To display an item that isn’t</p><p>　　currently open, choose the item name

52、 from the menu or use its keyboard shortcut.</p><p>　　Working in Dream weaver</p><p>　　Dream weaver can display a document in three ways: in Design view, in Code view,</p><p>　　and

53、in a split view that shows both the design and code.(To change the view in which</p><p>　　you’re working ,select a view in the Dream weaver toolbar.)By default, Dream weaver</p><p>　　displays th

54、e document window in design view.</p><p>　　In addition, you can work with Dream weaver’s design view in two different ways in</p><p>　　layout view and standard view.( You select these views in t

55、he view category of the objects</p><p>　　panel.) In layout view you can design a page layout. Insert graphics, text, and other media;</p><p>　　in standard view, in addition to inserting graphics

56、 text and media, you can also insert layers,</p><p>　　create frame documents, create tables, and apply other changes to your page-options that</p><p>　　aren’t available in layout view.4. Constr

57、uction on the site Experience With the popularity of the Internet, more and more government departments, companies and individuals aware of the need to have their own independent Web site. Below on the design and pr

58、oduction sites on some of their own experience. </p><p>　　After conducting systematic analysis End, we should carry out system design. Web page design similar to the development of software design, top-down,

59、 bottom-up and continuous updating, and other design methods. The main task is to design the content of the sites, including the website information organization structure, appearance, content block, navigation and links

60、, directory structure design. System design is the site ready before the concrete realization of the website to further the realiza</p><p>　　REFERENCES：</p><p>　　[1] N.Hritonenko, Yu.Yatsenko.C

61、reative destruction of computing systems: Analysis and modeling, Journal of Supercomputing, 38(2006), 143-154.</p><p>　　[2] Yu.Yatsenko, N.Hritonenko.Network economics and optimal replacement of agestructur

62、ed. IT capital, Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, 65(2007), 483-497.</p><p>　　[3] A.S. Boranbayev, Reference Architecture for Web Applications, Reports of the National Academy of Science of the R

63、epublic of Kazakhstan, 5 (2007), 18-26.</p><p>　　[4] The Spring Framework official website: http://www.springframework.org/.</p><p>　　[5] Martin Fowler discusses details of the dependency inje

64、ction pattern and how Spring.</p><p>　　[6] JUnit framework: http://www.junit.org/.</p><p>　　[7] Spring Framework official website - Chapter 9, Transaction management: http://static.springframe

65、work.org/spring/docs/2.0.x/reference/transaction.html.</p><p>　　[8] A.S. Boranbayev, Optimal Methods for Java Web Services, News of the National Academy of Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 5 (2007), 3