抵押人擅自轉(zhuǎn)讓抵押物的法律效力.pdf

1、 1 內(nèi)容摘要 “物盡其用”與“保障交易安全”是物權(quán)法的基本范疇。在擔(dān)保物權(quán)領(lǐng)域， 《物權(quán)法》規(guī)定，擔(dān)保財產(chǎn)設(shè)定抵押后，抵押人并不因此喪失抵押物的所有權(quán)，即抵押人仍然享有處分抵押物的權(quán)利。其制度價值在于充分發(fā)揮物之效用。但是，由于抵押物上設(shè)有抵押權(quán)，抵押人處分抵押物所有權(quán)時，受讓人對抵押物的所有權(quán)必然會與抵押權(quán)人的抵押權(quán)產(chǎn)生沖突，甚至?xí)p害抵押權(quán)人的利益。所以，為了保障抵押物的交易安全，抵押物轉(zhuǎn)讓的規(guī)則勢必不同于一般物之轉(zhuǎn)讓。 目前，我

2、國《物權(quán)法》第 191 條對抵押物轉(zhuǎn)讓的問題作出了規(guī)定。本文以“抵押人未經(jīng)抵押權(quán)人同意擅自轉(zhuǎn)讓抵押物”為研究主題，以一則案例為考察中心，通過梳理該案的法律事實、法院判決結(jié)果和判決理由，分析該案爭議焦點的法律適用，總結(jié)“抵押人擅自轉(zhuǎn)讓抵押物”問題中一般法律適用規(guī)則，進而針對本案的具體案情，提出自己對案件法律適用的解釋結(jié)論。 本文在結(jié)構(gòu)上分為六個部分： 引言部分：簡要介紹研究抵押物轉(zhuǎn)讓法律效力的背景和價值，簡要說明本文的寫作方法和寫作目的。

3、 第二部分：介紹張某與陳某船舶買賣合同糾紛案的具體案情，法院判決結(jié)果及判決理由。本案張某未經(jīng)抵押權(quán)人的同意，將已辦理抵押登記的抵押物船舶轉(zhuǎn)讓給陳某，并交由陳某運營，陳某替代張某清償了三分之一的債務(wù)，后發(fā)生糾紛。所以本案的爭議焦點在于：1.陳某與張某的抵押物買賣合同是否有效；2.受讓人陳某能否取得抵押物的所有權(quán)。 第三部分：對抵押人擅自轉(zhuǎn)讓抵押物的合同效力進行分析。首先，介紹學(xué)術(shù)界的分歧觀點，指出分歧原因。其次，分析學(xué)界“無效說”的不當(dāng)性

4、和“效力待定說”的不足。最后，筆者提出自己的見解，在區(qū)分原則指導(dǎo)下，并在利益衡量的基礎(chǔ)上，認(rèn)為只要抵押人與受讓人雙方意思表示一致，并且無其他合同無效的情形時，就應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)定抵押物轉(zhuǎn)讓合同有效。 第四部分：對抵押人擅自轉(zhuǎn)讓抵押物的物權(quán)變動問題進行分析。該問題的關(guān)鍵在于1 Abstract “Making the best use of everything” and “protecting the transaction security”

5、 are the fundamental principles of the property law. In the scope of security interest, the property law regulates that the mortgagee will not lose the ownership of the collateral after the mortgage which means the mortg

6、agee still has the right to dispose the collateral. The value of this system is to play the utility of the res. However, due to the hypothec of the mortgage, the assignee’s ownership will certainly interfere with the mor

7、tgagee’s hypothec or even damage mortgagee’s interests when the collateral is mortgaged. So in order to protect the transaction security, the assignment rules of mortgage will certainly be different from other transactio

8、ns. So far the issues of the assignment of collateral are regulated in article 191 of our property law. Using the mortgagor’s unauthorized assignment of the collateral without mortgagee’s agreement as a researching topic

9、, this paper focuses on a relative case and provides author’s own interpretation of the legal application of this case through investigating on the legal facts, judicial decisions and grounds of the decisions, analyzing

10、the significant points of legal application in the case and summarizing the general rules of legal application in issues of mortgagor’s unauthorized assignment of collateral. The paper is divided into six parts: The fo

11、reword is a brief introduction of the background and value of investigating the assignment of collateral. It also introduces the method and the purpose of writing this paper. Part two introduces the actual details and th

12、e judicial judgment of a dispute derived from a ship purchasing contract between Zhang and Chen. In this case, Zhang selled a mortgaged ship to Chen without the agreement of its mortgagee and Chen paid off one third of Z

13、hang’s debts. So the central points of this case are whether the contract between Chen and Zhang is valid and whether Chen gets the ownership of the collateral. part three analyzes the legal effect of collateral assignme

14、nt contract. First, the author briefly introduces and evaluates the divided opinions in academic circles Second, this paper analyzes the incorrectness of the ineffective theory of contract and the deficiency of the theor

15、y of effect depending. Third, through analyzing the specific characteristic of collateral assignment , the author indicates that a collateral assignment should be considered valid if both parties reach their agreement an