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簡(jiǎn)介：從默多克道德哲學(xué)看大海啊，大海中的唯我主義重慶大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文（學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)位）學(xué)生姓名肖禮指導(dǎo)教師李永毅教授專業(yè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)學(xué)科門(mén)類文學(xué)重慶大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院二O一五年五月MATHESISOFCHONGQINGUNIVERSITY中文摘要I摘要艾麗絲默多克是英國(guó)當(dāng)代文壇享有盛名的作家之一，獨(dú)特的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格與道德哲學(xué)理念使她在世界范圍內(nèi)享有盛譽(yù)。2008年，時(shí)代周刊評(píng)選默多克為“1945年以來(lái)50位英國(guó)最偉大的作家之一”。她曾六次獲得英語(yǔ)類文學(xué)最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)布克獎(jiǎng)提名，最終以1978年出版的小說(shuō)大海啊，大海摘得桂冠。在默多克的小說(shuō)中，眾多人物身上都表現(xiàn)出了唯我主義的特征。本文試圖用艾麗絲默多克自己的道德哲學(xué)來(lái)探討唯我主義在這部小說(shuō)的體現(xiàn)。默多克認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代人受到當(dāng)代哲學(xué)的影響，變得愈發(fā)地唯我主義。認(rèn)為世界無(wú)所不能知，自由意志也被任意夸大，甚至把人的存在等同于“自由意志”。這種片面的看法導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是現(xiàn)代人總要把自己的意志強(qiáng)加于世界萬(wàn)物，仿佛物體或事件沾染了自己的意志后才變得有意義。默多克把這種病癥追溯到當(dāng)代哲學(xué)思想所起的破壞作用。在它們這里，一切都是可能的，沒(méi)有不可知論，沒(méi)有局限的概念，理性會(huì)是最后的勝利者。那么，既然上帝已死，我們應(yīng)該去哪里尋找解藥呢默多克給出了自己的答案“善”。默多克認(rèn)為“善”是一種現(xiàn)實(shí)，像太陽(yáng)一樣真實(shí)存在。我們都沐浴在“善”的陽(yáng)光里而不自知。默多克的“善”其實(shí)就是“去自我化”?！叭プ晕一本褪墙邮苁澜绲臒o(wú)序和偶然，承認(rèn)他人的獨(dú)特性。默多克對(duì)這一主題的探索貫穿了她的整個(gè)文學(xué)生涯。我們可以把它看做是西方文明內(nèi)部對(duì)于長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的“唯我中心”痼疾的反思和批判。這一反思對(duì)于當(dāng)今的現(xiàn)代人來(lái)說(shuō)，尤為可貴。在上帝缺失的時(shí)代，默多克用她的“善”GOOD代替“GOD”，為現(xiàn)代人提供了一條自我拯救之路關(guān)鍵字關(guān)鍵字艾麗絲默多克，自我主義，善

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簡(jiǎn)介：目錄中文摘要????????????????????????????L英文摘要???????????????????????????5導(dǎo)論???????????????????????????????10第一節(jié)相關(guān)問(wèn)題厘定?????????????????????????10第二節(jié)研究現(xiàn)狀綜述?????????????????????????13第三節(jié)本文選題緣起?????????????????????????21第四節(jié)本文研究方法?????????????????????????24第一章身體美學(xué)身體哲學(xué)邏輯演進(jìn)的合理結(jié)果??????????25第一節(jié)身體美學(xué)在身體哲學(xué)中的定位??????????????????25第二節(jié)身體美學(xué)的哲學(xué)來(lái)源??????????????????????29第三節(jié)身體美學(xué)生成原因???????????????????????40第四節(jié)身體美學(xué)與新媒介???????????????????????46第二章身體美學(xué)與身心問(wèn)題?．．．．6QILA??????????????51第一節(jié)身體美學(xué)與機(jī)能主義身心觀???????????????????51第二節(jié)身體美學(xué)生成的身心原因???????IBIE???????????57第三節(jié)身體美學(xué)身心觀形成及特征???????????????????61第四節(jié)身體美學(xué)身心問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義??????????????????67第三章身體美學(xué)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)問(wèn)題????????????????????，71第一節(jié)身體實(shí)用主義與經(jīng)驗(yàn)??????????????????????7】第二節(jié)身體美學(xué)與身體經(jīng)驗(yàn)??????????????????????76第三節(jié)身體美學(xué)與生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)??????????????????????8L第四節(jié)身體美學(xué)與身體經(jīng)驗(yàn)的改善???????????????????84第四章身體美學(xué)與藝術(shù)問(wèn)題???????????????????90第一節(jié)身體美學(xué)與藝術(shù)生理學(xué)??????????????????”??‘90第二節(jié)身體美學(xué)與藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造、接受和批評(píng)????????????????96第三節(jié)身體美學(xué)與后現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)?????????????????????102梁成帥從身體哲學(xué)到身體美學(xué)以理查德舒斯特曼身體美學(xué)生成為例1中文摘要中又}兩斐“身體美學(xué)”SOMAESTHETICS是近些年才出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)概念。它或用米指代一門(mén)學(xué)科，或僅用作一種美學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。然而，它的出現(xiàn)在國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)界卻帶來(lái)了意想不到的變化。身體探討經(jīng)歷了從哲學(xué)話語(yǔ)到美學(xué)話語(yǔ)的主線轉(zhuǎn)換。這一變化不僅帶來(lái)了現(xiàn)代身體話語(yǔ)的繁衍，而且促進(jìn)了傳統(tǒng)形而上美學(xué)的改造與革新。就身體莢學(xué)的合理性來(lái)看，它既有美學(xué)學(xué)科原本包含身體的歷史依據(jù)，又具有解決后現(xiàn)代消費(fèi)社會(huì)身體問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。身體美學(xué)不僅關(guān)涉身體問(wèn)題，而且涉及美學(xué)問(wèn)題。它貫通了歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)，連接著理論與實(shí)踐。因此，對(duì)于身體美學(xué)進(jìn)行跨學(xué)科、多領(lǐng)域的研究必將對(duì)美學(xué)學(xué)科發(fā)展有所助益。論文從后現(xiàn)代知識(shí)現(xiàn)狀所展現(xiàn)的身體見(jiàn)解出發(fā)，考察現(xiàn)存身體美學(xué)的模式、樣態(tài)，分析身體美學(xué)在現(xiàn)階段形成、發(fā)展的原因，發(fā)掘身體從哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域到美學(xué)領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)變的內(nèi)在邏輯線索。論文以舒斯特曼的身體美學(xué)作為研究的支撐點(diǎn)與出發(fā)點(diǎn)，輻射其他相關(guān)的身體美學(xué)理論，通過(guò)對(duì)身體美學(xué)的研究，以窺后現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)境卜I身體問(wèn)題之一斑。在具體研究層面，論文從身心問(wèn)題、經(jīng)驗(yàn)問(wèn)題、藝術(shù)問(wèn)題以及實(shí)踐問(wèn)題四個(gè)方面揭示身體美學(xué)產(chǎn)生的原因。全文共分為五章第一章論述身體美學(xué)誕生是身體哲學(xué)邏輯演進(jìn)的合理結(jié)果，為身體美學(xué)提供一個(gè)宏觀的視野，在身體哲學(xué)中給予其合理的定位，同時(shí)具體分析身體美學(xué)的理論來(lái)源與生成原因。身體美學(xué)的誕生得益于探討身體的理論在哲學(xué)中的逐步完善，美學(xué)理論中潛在的身體因子也開(kāi)始醞釀萌芽。身體在美學(xué)中的討論被要求系統(tǒng)化、學(xué)科化，以適應(yīng)后現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)境F美學(xué)的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。身體美學(xué)在身體哲學(xué)中的定位體現(xiàn)在身體美學(xué)的產(chǎn)生順應(yīng)了時(shí)代發(fā)展的需要。近代以來(lái)，各門(mén)學(xué)科脫離哲學(xué)紛紛建立，這是身體美學(xué)產(chǎn)生的大背景。身體美學(xué)表現(xiàn)出了不同于身體哲學(xué)的獨(dú)有特色，初步形成為一門(mén)理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的綜合性學(xué)科。美學(xué)不是僅僅生成于哲學(xué)之中，它也是通向哲學(xué)的一種路徑。恰如美學(xué)之于哲學(xué)，身體美學(xué)不但有助于對(duì)自己的感覺(jué)解放、身體關(guān)懷，而且可以改善對(duì)他人、社會(huì)的倫理與政治關(guān)注，實(shí)現(xiàn)哲學(xué)追求的知識(shí)、自我認(rèn)識(shí)、美德、幸福和公正的目的。實(shí)用主義哲學(xué)、西方傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)與東方傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)是身體美學(xué)生成的三大理論來(lái)源。這種理論源頭的影響分別體現(xiàn)在分析身體美學(xué)、實(shí)用主義身體美學(xué)和實(shí)踐身體美學(xué)三個(gè)維

簡(jiǎn)介：華東師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文從經(jīng)驗(yàn)及其模式論歐克肖特政治哲學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)姓名道希申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)專門(mén)史指導(dǎo)教師劉擎20080501ABSTRACTMICHAELOAKESHOTTWASOLLEOFTHEFEWOUTSTANDINGPOLITICALPHILOSOPHERSOFTHE20IHCENTURY．CONSERVATIVEEXPRESSIONSCALLEDHIMONEOFTHEGRATEEUROPEANSWHOSHAPEDTHEPRESENTAMERICANCONSERVATISMJUSTASLEOSTRAUSS，WHILELIBERALISTSPUTHIMINTHEGROUPOFLIBERALMASTERS豳BERLIN，COMPLIEDTHATTHEYHADGIVENTHEMOSTKEENANDPENETRATINGDIAGNOSISONMODERNITY．YETEXPERIENCEANDITSMODES,ASOAKESHOTT’SFIRSTBOOK．HADGIVENTHEGROUNDSOFHISPOLITICALPHILOSOPHY．WHATISPOLITICALPHILOSOPHYHOWTOACHIEVEITWHATISTHENATUREOFI垤ALLTHESEBASICQUESTIONSOFPOLITICALPHILOSOPHYCOULDBEANSWEREDTHROUGHSTUDYINGEXPERIENCEANDITSMODES．ITISMYINTENTIONINTHISESSAYTOGROUNDOAKESHOTT’SPOLITICALPHILOSOPHYINTHECONTESTOFTHEBOOKEXPERIENCEANDITSMODES，CLARI匆INGTWOBASICBUTTWISTEDQUESTIONS，THATIS，WHATISTHEFUNDIMENTALPROBLEMTHEBOOKTRIEDTOWORKOUT，ASOAKESHOTT’SACADEMICAWARENESS；ANDTHATIS，WHYHEUSED‘MODES”AND‘EXPERIENCE”TOSOLVEOUT,ASHISPHILOSOPHYAPPROACH．THESETWOLINKINGQUESTIONSIMPLIESTHEDILEMMAWHICHPHILOSOPHYOF20曲CENTURYFACINGASWELLASOAKESHOTT’SCONCERNSOFBRITISHIDEALISM．THEINTRODUCTIONCOMPARESOAKESHOTTWITHTRADITIONAICONSERVATISM。NEOCONSERVATISMANDLIBERALISMINORDERTOEXPLAINTHESPECIFICSINHISPHILOSOPHY．THEFIRSTCHAPTERREVIEWSTHERESEARCHONOAKESHOTTASWELLASTHELIFEOFOAKESHOTTHIMSELFSOTHATWECANCATCHTHECONTESTOFHISPOLITICPHILOSOPHY．CHAPTERTWOLOOKSBACKONTHEHISTORYOFPHILOSOPHYINORDERTOEXPLAINHOWOAKESHOTT’SPOLITICALPHILOSOPHYANSWEREDTHEQUESTIONROOTINGINTHEPHILOSOPHYITSELF．CHAPTERTHREECOMPARESTHEHISTORYPHILOSOPHYOFOAKESHOTTANDTHEHISTORYPHILOSOPHYINBRITISHIDEALISM．WEWILLSEEHOWSOMECORECONCEPTIONAS‘‘EXPERIENCE’’AND‘‘MODES’’WEREDEVELOPEDFROMBRITISHIDEALISM．THECONCLUSIONCONCLUDSTHESPECIALTYOFOAKESHOTT’STHOUGHTSINEXPERIENCEANDITSMODES．KEYWORDSOAKESHOTT，EXPERIENCEANDITSMODES，POLITICALPHILOSOPHY4

簡(jiǎn)介：⑧一MASTER?STHE瞄碩士學(xué)位論文從緊張到和解沃倫的自我哲學(xué)在國(guó)王的人馬中的折射論姍蔡玉潔指導(dǎo)教師朱衛(wèi)紅教授學(xué)科專業(yè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)研究方向英美文學(xué)華中師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016年5月⑩碩士學(xué)位論文MASTER’STHESIS華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明和使用授權(quán)說(shuō)明原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明所呈交的學(xué)位論文，是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的研究成果。除文中已經(jīng)標(biāo)明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫(xiě)過(guò)的研究成果。對(duì)本文的研究做出貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。本聲明的法律結(jié)果由本人承擔(dān)。作者簽名豢五淳日期沙『C年石月I目學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書(shū)本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，即學(xué)校有權(quán)保留并向國(guó)家有關(guān)部門(mén)或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)華中師范大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。同時(shí)授權(quán)中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)信息研究所將本學(xué)位論文收錄到中國(guó)學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，并通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)向社會(huì)公眾提供信息服務(wù)。作者簽名蒜玉法導(dǎo)師簽名罐Z紗U日期加“年F月1日日期洲‘年‘月／日本人已經(jīng)認(rèn)真閱讀‘CALIS高校學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)發(fā)布章程”，同意將本人的學(xué)位論文提交“CALLS高校學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)”中全文發(fā)布，并可按“章程”中的規(guī)定享受相關(guān)權(quán)益。圃壹盜塞握童卮遺卮；旦坐生；旦生旦三生筮查作者簽名蒜丑法日期口J‘年∥月1日導(dǎo)師簽名日期勿“年廠月F日

簡(jiǎn)介：華中師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文從歐洲哲學(xué)史上的幾種真理觀看主觀因素在真理形成中的地位和作用姓名胡招祺申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)馬克思主義哲學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師葉澤雄20090501⑧＼／碩士學(xué)位論文MASTER’STHESISABSTRACTTRUTHISANANCIENTTOPICINTHEHISTORYOFPHILOSOPHY，SHEISTHEPURSUEOFMANYPHILOSOPHERS．DIFFERENTTIMES，DIFFERENTSCHOOLSOFPHILOSOPHY，DIFFERENTPHILOSOPHERS，TOTRUTHTHEYHAVEDIFFERENTINTERPRETATIONS，SOTHEREFORMSAWIDEVARIETYOFTHETHEORIESOFTRUTHINTHEHISTORYOFPHILOSOPHY．ASHEGELSAIDPHILOSOPHERSINTHEHISTORYESTABLISHEDPHILOSOPHICALSYSTEMONEBYONE，EACHPHILOSOPHERCLAIMEDTHATHEFOUNDTHEHIGHESTTRUTH，BUTITWASREPLACEDBYTHELATESTSYSTEM．ITCANNOTBEDENIEDTHATTHESETHEORIESABOUTTRUTHHAVEBECOMETHEBASISANDTREASURESOFFURTHERSTUDYTOMANYLEARNERSNOWADAYS．ONLYTHEEMERGENCEOFMARXISTPHILOSOPHYGIVESAREASONABLEINTERPRETATIONTOTHETRUTH．HOWEVER，THEMARXISTVIEWOFTRUTHISBUILTONTHEBASISOFOURPREDECESSORS，ANDISBEYONDOURPREDECESSORS．THISARTICLEISBASEDONTHEANALYSISOFMODEMEMPIRICISM，RATIONALISMANDKANT’SVIEWOFTRUTHINPHILOSOPHY，PARTICULARLYANALYZESTHEFORMATIONOFTHETRUTH，THENDRAWSTHECENTRALARGUMENTOFTHISARTICLETHESUBJECTIVEFACTORINTHEFORMATIONOFTHETRUTHHASIMPORTANTPOSITIONANDROLE．THISARTICLEISDIVIDEDINTOFOURPARTSPARTIITEXPLORESTHECONCEPTSOFTRUTH．ITBRIEFLYINTRODUCEDTHESTATEMENTSABOUTTRUTHOFTHEMAINREPRESENTATIVESINTHEHISTORYOFPHILOSOPHYINANCIENTGREECE，MEDIEVAL，MODEMEMPIRICISMANDRATIONALISM．PARTIIITANALYZESTHEDIFFERENCESANDSYNTHESISBETWEENMODEMEMPIRICISMANDRATIONALISM，ANDINTRODUCESTHEVIEWOFTRUTHOFSEVERALREPRESENTATIVESOFTHETWOSCHOOLSBACON，LOCKE，DESCARTES，LEIBNIZ，ANALYZESTHETWOMAJORSCHOOLS’DIFFERENCESINTHESOURCEOFTRUTH，STANDARDS，THEWAYOFACCESSTOTHETRUTH，ANDGRADUALLYTOWARDSTHEPROCESSOFINTEGRATION．PARTIIIHOWCOULDTHETRUTHCOMETRUETHEANALYSISOFKANT’SVIEWOFTRUTHTHISPARTSTARTSFROMTHE’’COPERNICANREVOLUTION”O(jiān)FKANT’SPHILOSOPHY，THENMAKESAMACRODESCRIPTIONOFTHEKANT’SVIEWOFTRUTH，DISCUSSPOSSIBLECONDITIONSOFTHEFORMATIONOFTRUTHASWELLASANALYZESTHEPROCESSOFTHEFORMATIONOFTHETRUTH．INTHEENDITSUMSUPASFOLLOWSCONCLUSIONINTHEFORMATIONOFTHETRUTH，ITISNECESSARYTOPLAYTHEROLEOFCOGNITIVEABILITY，GIVEFULLPLAYTOTHEINITIATIVEINORDERTOENSURETHATWECANGETTHETRUTH．THEREFORE，THESUBJECTIVEFACTORSINTHEPROCESSOFTHEFORMATIONOFTRUTHSHOULDPLAYANIMPORTANTROLE．11

簡(jiǎn)介：青島大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文從活著、許三觀賣血記看余華的生存哲學(xué)姓名林喜敬申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)中國(guó)現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師周海波20090606ABSTRACTTHE90’SLONGSTORYOFYUHUASHOWSTHEINSIGHTASALITERARYWORK．THECOMPASSIONWHICH，SHOWSISTHENEWKEYWORDWHICHWEAREABLETOUNDERSTANDTHEOUTLOOKONTHELIFEOFYUHHAWITH．FORTHESTATEMENTOFYUHUAWORK’SOUTLOOKONTHELIFEIN90’S．1WILLINTRODUCETHEKEYWORDOFTHEOUTLOOKONTHELIFEIN．．THISTREATISEINSISTYⅢUA’SOUTLOOKONTHELIFEINHIS90’SWORKSISSIMILARTOCHRISTIANHUMANISM．1WILLINTRODUCETHEFEATUEOFCHRISTIANITY．ALSO．1WILLMENTIONFRANZKAFKA，WILLIANFAULKNER,DANTEALIGHIERI，J．S．BACHEFFECTTOYUHUA’SWRITINGANDHOWFRANZKAFKA，WILLIANFAULKNER,DANTEALIGHIERI，J．S．BACHSHOWSTHECHRISTIANITYINTHEIRWORKS．AND1WILLMENTIONHOWITEFFETTOYUHUA’SWRITINGBYANALYZINGOFTHECHRISTIANHUMANISMIN，XUSANGUANMAIXIEJ，SOTHATWEAREABLETOUNDERSTANDYUHUA’SOUTLOOKONTHELIFEINHIS90’SWORKSLITTLEMORE．ITWILLMAKEABALACEFORTHESTUDYOFTHEBASISOFYUHUA’SOUTLOOKONTHELIFEINHIS90’SWORKS．SOTHATWECANUNDERSTANDTHECOREOFⅧHA’SOUTLOOKONTHELIFEINHIS90’SWORKSMORECLEARLY．KEYWORDSYUHUA；THEOUTLOOKONTHELIFE；THECHRISTIANHUMANISM

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